(a) in the primary school stage, the initial awareness of law, rights and self-protection awareness of enlightenment education, so that students have a preliminary concept of law and rights.
1. Understand that there are rules in social life, and the law is a mandatory rule that everyone should abide by in social life. The law stipulates what people can do, what they must do or what they are forbidden to do in daily life and under various specific conditions.
2. Know your rights according to law, and no one's rights can be arbitrarily deprived and violated. Everyone is equal before the law.
3. The right to name, custody, rest, privacy, property, inheritance and education should be protected, and the awareness of rights should be enhanced.
4. Master the preliminary methods of self-protection, know how to seek legal protection when rights are infringed, and know the channels to seek legal protection.
(2) Summarize the basic tasks of primary school students' legal education into three parts:
Part of it is to help primary school students gradually form a correct legal concept through various education, including "2. Understand the role of law, understand that law represents fairness and justice, maintain order, guarantee freedom, and protect personal and property rights from infringement. 3. Know your rights according to law, and no one's rights can be arbitrarily deprived and violated. Everyone is equal before the law. 4. Understanding the Constitution is the fundamental law of the country and the basis for making other laws. It has the highest legal effect and initially establishes constitutional awareness. " And "1. Understand that there are rules in social life, and the law is a mandatory rule that everyone should abide by in social life. The law stipulates what people can do, what they must do or what they are forbidden to do in daily life and under various specific conditions. " The part of the book "law is a mandatory rule that everyone should abide by in social life" may be abstract for primary school students; Simple indoctrination can achieve the effect of remembering first and then understanding. However, if we can have a preliminary understanding of the basic contents of minors' rights and citizens' basic rights stipulated in the Constitution and know that basic rights such as life and health, personal freedom, name, guardianship, rest, privacy, property rights, inheritance rights and education rights should be protected, we can enhance our awareness of rights. 6. Master the preliminary methods of self-protection, know how to seek legal protection when rights are infringed, and know the channels for seeking legal protection. "The organic combination of educational content and mutual echo will enhance understanding, deepen impression and promote the interaction of' knowledge, emotion and action'.
The parts that better embody the principles of "close to reality, close to life and close to students" and "combination of legal knowledge education and legal practice education" and "integration" are: "5. Understand the basic content of minors' rights, the basic rights of citizens stipulated in the Constitution, and know the rights of life and health, personal freedom, name, custody, rest, privacy, property and inheritance. "Enhance the awareness of rights" and "6. When rights are violated, knowing how to seek legal protection and knowing the channels to seek legal protection are actually highly relevant. In terms of operability, the above educational content points can be realized through purposeful related education. This part of the content has reason to become an important part of the implementation of legal education in primary schools, and it is the most practical and applicable part of education.
I think "1. Understand that there are rules in social life, and the law is a mandatory rule that everyone should abide by in social life. The understanding of what people can do, what they must do or what they are forbidden to do in daily life and under various specific conditions, and the understanding of "mastering the preliminary methods of self-protection, knowing how to seek legal protection when their rights are violated, and knowing the channels to seek legal protection" are the effects reflected in legal education for every student.
(three) the implementation points of the content or task allocation of each grade
For example: "1. Understand that there are rules in social life, and the law is a mandatory rule that everyone should abide by in social life. The law stipulates what people can do, what they must do or what they are forbidden to do in daily life and under various specific conditions. "
According to the characteristics of group, interesting and flexible game activities that primary school students are willing to participate in, we can guide students to understand the role and significance of rules through personal experience through purposeful activity guidance, so as to learn to be familiar with rules as soon as possible and use them better in activities, and then learn to agree on rules and take group constraints to deal with behaviors that undermine the rules of games or disrupt the order of game activities. Learn to abide by contracts and make changes in activities, mediate disputes and resolve contradictions, and understand and form understanding from them. With the continuous accumulation of their life experience, they will gradually and comprehensively "understand that there are rules in social life", profoundly understand that "the law is a mandatory rule that everyone should abide by in social life" and clearly understand that "the law stipulates what people can do, must do or forbid to do in daily life and under various specific conditions."
First, the significance of legal education for primary school students
In recent years, due to social, school, family and other factors, the juvenile crime rate in China has increased, which has caused adverse consequences to society, schools, families and individuals. Therefore, it is necessary for primary school students to learn law and master legal knowledge from an early age. Through education, students can know which behaviors are right and which behaviors are wrong, which can play a role in "curing" and preventing students' behaviors. After students understand the law, they are legally bound by their own behavior and can abide by the law in peacetime. Therefore, legal education for children is the basis of crime prevention, which is conducive to promoting students' all-round development, promoting students' ideological and moral education and promoting the construction of socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization.
Two, the contents and methods of legal education for primary school students
Legal education in schools should use scientific teaching methods, carry out legal education purposefully and in a planned way according to the actual situation, improve students' legal awareness, promote them to abide by the law and improve their comprehensive quality.
1. The content of legal education for primary school students. The content of primary school students' legal education can choose popular educational books such as People's Republic of China (PRC) Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency as teaching materials. Education should be targeted and closely combined with the legal problems that are common among students at present. For example, let students know that "minors are not allowed to enter commercial dance halls, video game rooms and other places". Because students now have more free time after reducing their burdens, if the school does not strengthen the education and correct guidance for students, they will easily walk into commercial video game rooms and other places, which will do harm to their physical and mental health. For another example, it is important for students to understand that "consciously resist the spread of harmful reading materials". Because primary school students usually like reading magazines and pictorial books. Because of their young age and poor ability to distinguish right from wrong, they are easily tempted by unhealthy publications, which is very harmful. After studying the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency promulgated by China, students will have the ability to distinguish right from wrong after knowing that it is strictly forbidden for minors to watch and listen to obscene pornographic audio-visual products and reading materials. For another example, in recent years, the number of students whose parents are divorced has gradually increased. Some of these children were abandoned by their parents, and no one cared about them. They lose the warmth of their families and easily go astray. After studying the Law on the Protection of Minors, students know that parents or other guardians are not allowed to leave minors alone and give up their guardianship duties, so that they are protected by law.
2. Methods of legal education. At present, school legal education is still a weak link and lacks experience. Legal education for primary school students should be based on their age characteristics and combined with the actual use of various methods for effective education. Make students want to learn, learn well, and truly master the knowledge of the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency.
① Offering legal education courses. Set up a legal education class every week, so that there are teaching materials and full-time teachers, make full use of classroom time, ensure students to learn legal knowledge well, and give them legal knowledge tests at ordinary times.
(2) Holding lectures on legal education. Schools can invite legal experts or school law teachers to give lectures on the theme of "clarifying the significance of learning law and preventing crime" according to the actual situation of their students, and carry out legal education for all primary school students purposefully.
③ Publicity and education of legal knowledge. Legal education can be infiltrated into subject education, and some legal education contents can be infiltrated into students' Chinese, common sense, ideological and moral courses to nourish students and guide them to enhance their legal concept. You can also organize students to engage in legal affairs once a month.
Class meetings or group meetings with the theme of problems can stimulate students to have heated discussions and improve their legal awareness. Secondly, use the school blackboard newspaper, publicity window and red scarf radio station to publicize the contents of legal education and advanced models, and further enhance students' legal concept.
(4) Establish a legal education consultation station. The school can set up a legal consultation mailbox, and a legal teacher is on duty in the consultation room at noon every day, actively providing students with legal knowledge and helping students solve legal-related problems.
3. Strive for the cooperation of family and society to do a good job in legal education. Legal education needs the cooperation of family and society, and the good educational environment of family and society creates favorable conditions for doing legal education well.
(1) Education should start at home. Parents are children's first teachers, and their legal awareness directly affects children's legal awareness. Parents should not only learn legal knowledge, but also set an example for their children with their own words and deeds at home, and don't have uncivilized and immoral words and deeds in front of their children. Don't spread yellow or unhealthy content at home.
It is the unshirkable responsibility and obligation of the school to carry out legal education and improve students' comprehensive quality, but it also needs the cooperation of the society so that the whole society can care about children's growth. Society is a big school. If we don't give them a good educational environment and give them correct guidance, it will easily lead children astray. Therefore, the society should provide children with healthy venues for activities, publish more books, magazines and movies that are beneficial to students' legal education, and let them grow up healthily in a good educational environment.
Administrative departments at all levels should evaluate the education quality of a school not only by the enrollment rate of students or the index of being admitted to key schools, but also by the effect of students' ideological and moral education and legal education, as well as their compliance with laws and regulations. Schools that do well in legal education should be rewarded and their experience should be popularized.
Three, to carry out the organization construction of legal education for primary school students.
School legal education is a new subject, which is ideological, scientific and knowledgeable. To do this work well, we must strengthen organizational construction.
1. Establish a leading group for legal education. At present, many schools have carried out legal education for primary school students, but they have not yet established a sound organization. Legal education lacks scientificity and systematicness, management lacks standardization, and the educational effect is not good. Therefore, in order to carry out legal education in an all-round way, the school should set up a leading group for legal education and formulate practical implementation plans to make legal education normal and standardized.
2. Strengthen the construction of legal education professional team. Legal education is a highly professional job, involving national laws and regulations and the healthy growth of young students. Therefore, schools must have teachers with strict training and specialized knowledge. Schools can send teachers with good moral character and enthusiasm for this work to undertake legal education, and give them key training so that they can reach certain knowledge and skills. In education, teachers should actively study and explore research, accumulate knowledge and educational experience in practice, and strive to improve their professional level.
3. Improve the status of teachers engaged in legal education. Teachers engaged in legal education for primary school students are busy and hard. School leaders should not only attach importance to their professional training, but also take measures to improve their political status and material treatment, encourage these teachers to love this work and mobilize their enthusiasm for legal education. 1. In recent years, the juvenile crime rate in China has been rising.
It is reported that 1983, 2995 juvenile suspects were arrested in our province, while 1996, the number reached 7663, an increase of 2.56 times. 199 1 year, the juvenile crime rate in China was 1.8‰, which rose to 3‰ in 2003, more than 10 times higher than that in 1950s and 1960s. At present, the number of juvenile delinquency under the age of 25 in China has accounted for about 70% of all crimes, and the proportion and growth rate of juvenile delinquency are shocking.
First, to receive legal knowledge education, I want to understand and learn from three aspects:
Knowing the law: it is to make clear what "law" is. Why must we abide by it?
Second, knowing the law: it is to understand that you have more to do with those laws, and what is the relationship between obeying the law and the teenagers themselves?
Law-abiding: Know how to improve your legal literacy and reduce illegal and criminal acts?
Case: Here, I also tell you a true story that I witnessed with my own eyes and made people think deeply. It happened in a residential building in the West Lake Community of a city. It was Sunday. Three junior high school students are playing in front of the corridor window on the sixth floor. A accidentally pushed B out of the window and fell heavily from the sixth floor 20 meters high.
At that time, B's face was livid, and blood flowed straight out from his nostrils and ear holes. Later, B was rescued by an ambulance from the city hospital. In this case, I gave the students two questions to think about: ① Is it illegal for A to hurt B by accident? (2) If A is illegal, what law has it violated? (Pause for a moment) The result should be: If the medical signing department determines that it is seriously injured, firstly, it is the illegal consequence caused by this behavior, and secondly, it violates Chapter IV of the Criminal Law and infringes on the personal rights of citizens. Article 235 of the crime of democratic rights: Whoever negligently hurts others and causes serious injuries shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention.
Three, the main legal rights stipulated in the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Minors.
1. Right to life and health. Minors enjoy the right to life and health.
2. Right to personal freedom. The personal freedom of minors is inviolable. It is forbidden to illegally detain, deprive or restrict the personal freedom of minors and illegally search people.
3. Naming right. Minors have the right to name, and have the right to decide, use and change their names according to regulations. Interference, abuse and counterfeiting are prohibited.
4. Portrait on the right. Minors have the right to portrait, and they may not use their portraits for profit without their consent.
5. Right of reputation. Minors enjoy the right of reputation, and their personal dignity is protected by law. It is forbidden to damage the reputation of minors by insulting or slandering.
6. Right of honor. Minors enjoy the right of honor, and it is forbidden to illegally deprive them of their honorary titles.
7. Property ownership. The state protects the ownership of minors' lawful income, savings, houses and other lawful property. It is forbidden for any organization or individual to occupy, plunder, destroy or illegally investigate, detain, freeze or confiscate.
8. Property inheritance right. Minors have the right to inherit legal property and are protected by law.
9. copyright Minors enjoy copyright and the right to sign, publish, publish and get remuneration according to law.
10, patent right. Minors enjoy the patent right approved by them and are protected according to law.
1 1, the right to criticize, suggest, appeal, accuse and report. Minors have the right to criticize, suggest, appeal, accuse and report all state work and state personnel.
12, state compensation right. Minors have the right to receive domestic compensation according to law.
13, freedom of religious belief. Minors have freedom of religious belief.
14, the right to freedom of national customs. The national customs and habits of minors are protected according to law.
15, freedom of communication and privacy of communication. Due to the need of tracing crimes, letters addressed to minors are inspected by public security and procuratorial organs according to law, or letters addressed to minors with no capacity for conduct (10 under one year of age) are opened by their parents or other guardians. Without the consent of the minor himself, no organization or individual (including parents and teachers) may open, intercept, conceal or destroy it without permission.
16. Right to education. Minors have the right to education.
Four, the main legal obligations of teenagers
1, abide by the Constitution and laws;
2. Maintain national unity and national unity;
3. Safeguarding national security, honor and interests;
4. Keep state secrets, take good care of public property and observe labor discipline;
5. perform military service and pay taxes according to law;
6. Family planning,
7. Support parents, etc.
Five, "People's Republic of China (PRC) City Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Law" stipulates:
A. Bad behavior of minors:
(1) truant, staying out at night; ② Carrying controlled knives; (3) Fighting and insulting others; 4 forcibly demanding other people's property; ⑤ Theft or intentional destruction of property; 6. Participating in gambling or gambling in disguised form; ⑦ Watch and listen to pornographic audio-visual products and reading materials; (eight) to enter the commercial dance halls and other places that are not suitable for minors as stipulated by laws and regulations; Pet-name ruby other serious violations of social morality.
B. serious misconduct of minors:
(1) Gathering people to make trouble and disturbing public order; (two) carrying controlled knives, incorrigible; (3) repeatedly intercepting, beating others or forcibly demanding other people's property; (four) the dissemination of obscene books or audio-visual products; (5) Engaging in activities of disturbing public order or pornography or prostitution; 6. Multiple thefts; All landowners participate in gambling and refuse to change after repeated education; (eight) taking or injecting drugs; Pet-name ruby other serious harm to society.
Six, protection, the most important is three aspects:
The first aspect is personal safety: learn to call the police when being infringed: 1 10, 120, 122, 1 19.
(1) Bandits (criminals) call the police: 1 10.
1. Reporting scope: all kinds of criminal cases and cases of public security and endangering national security.
2. The correct way to report the case:
① Call 1 10.
(2) After the phone call, briefly describe what you saw.
③ Mainly explain the time, place, parties and number of people who committed the crime; Appearance, height, age, gender, clothing, characteristics, etc. Offender (or victim); Tools used when committing crimes; Relevant vehicle information (color, model, brand, etc. ), etc.
Say your own name, gender, age, address and telephone number.
Wait until the other person hangs up, then you hang up.
(2) Fire alarm telephone number: 1 19.
1. Alarm range: various fires.
2. The correct alarm method:
① Call 1 19.
(2) After the phone call, briefly explain the location (detailed address), time, fire situation and surrounding environment of the fire. (3) If you know the cause of the fire and the main combustion products, and whether there are inflammable, explosive, toxic and other dangerous goods in and around the fire site, you'd better explain.
(4) Explain whether the fire site can enter the cart (the road leading to the fire site).
State your name, gender, age, address and telephone number.
6. Wait until the other person hangs up, then you hang up.
(3) Traffic accident reporting telephone number: 122
1. Coverage: traffic accidents of various vehicles.
2. The correct way to report the case:
① Call 122 (local traffic accident reporting telephone number).
(2) After the phone call, briefly describe the traffic accident you saw.
(3) explain the accident location, time, vehicle type, license plate number, cause of the accident, whether there is a fire or explosion, whether there are casualties, whether there has been a traffic jam, etc.
Say your own name, gender, age, address and telephone number.
Wait until the other person hangs up, then you hang up.
(4) Emergency Center Tel: 120
1. First aid scope: all kinds of sudden serious diseases and injuries.
2. The correct way to ask for help:
① Call 120.
(2) After the call, briefly explain the cause and situation of the patient or injury. If you know the patient's or the injured person's medical history, allergic drugs and blood type, it is also best to explain.
③ Explain the detailed address and onset time of the patient or the injured.
Say your name and contact number.
Wait until the other person hangs up, then you hang up.
⑥ Go to the intersection to meet the ambulance, so as not to waste time because the ambulance can't find the patient's address.
Second, pay attention to traffic safety: (for example, walking on the expressway, there is a traffic accident, and it is useless to hit it. I won't emphasize it here. I don't need to say it. (3) Pay attention to fire safety: don't play with fire, pay attention to using fire in the wild, and learn to escape from fire (transformer explosion)
Case: All fled on the ground) Because of the time, I will talk about this for my classmates today, aiming at arousing their legal awareness and being a good law-abiding youth from now on.
Study the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Minors and the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency.
1. What is a minor?
According to the law, a minor refers to a citizen under the age of 18.
Second, a brief introduction: People's Republic of China (PRC) Law on the Protection of Minors.
199 1 was adopted on September 4th, and1was implemented on October 4th 1992+ 1.
In order to protect the physical and mental health of minors, safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, promote their all-round development in moral, intellectual and physical aspects, and train them to be successors to the socialist cause with ideals, morality, culture and discipline, this Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution. Legal responsibilities of family protection, school protection, social protection and judicial protection
Thirdly, it mainly tells: People's Republic of China (PRC) Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency.
Adopted on June 28th 1999 and implemented on June 28th 1999+0 1.
In recent years, the number of juvenile delinquents in China has increased year by year, and it is developing towards the trend of younger age, gangs and malignancy, which has caused certain harm to social stability. Some young boys and girls who are still in the flower season have become criminals, or are slipping in the direction of crime, which can not but make the growth of teenagers pay attention to by society again. It is the common responsibility of family, school and society to prevent juvenile delinquency and guide them to grow up healthily!
Five reasons for inducing juvenile delinquency
According to the survey, most juvenile criminal groups have the following five characteristics: First, their educational level is low and their cognitive ability is poor; Second, high self-evaluation, like the brave win; Third, the brothers are loyal and often gang up; Fourth, self-control ability is poor, and many behaviors are blind; Fifth, they are eager to enjoy and hate labor. People's Republic of China (PRC) Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency
Fourteenth parents or other guardians of minors and schools should educate minors not to have the following bad behaviors:
(a) absenteeism, staying at night;
(2) Carrying controlled knives;
(3) Fighting and insulting others;
(4) extorting property from others by force;
(five) theft or intentional destruction of property;
(six) to participate in gambling or gambling in disguise;
(seven) watching and listening to pornographic and obscene audio-visual products and reading materials;
(eight) to enter the business ballroom and other places that are not suitable for minors as stipulated by laws and regulations;
(nine) other serious violations of social morality.
Article 34 The term "serious misconduct" as mentioned in this Law refers to the following illegal behaviors that seriously endanger society but are not serious enough for criminal punishment:
(1) Gathering people to make trouble and disturbing public order;
(two) carrying controlled knives, incorrigible;
(3) repeatedly intercepting, beating others or forcibly demanding other people's property;
(four) the dissemination of obscene books or audio-visual products;
(five) engaged in obscenity, pornography or prostitution;
(6) repeated theft;
(seven) to participate in gambling, incorrigible;
(eight) taking or injecting drugs;
(nine) other acts that seriously endanger society.
Self-prevention of juvenile delinquency
Article 40 Minors should abide by laws, regulations and social public moral norms, establish self-esteem, self-discipline and self-improvement, enhance their ability to distinguish right from wrong and protect themselves, and consciously resist the temptation and infringement of various bad behaviors and illegal and criminal acts.
Reasons related to oneself
The poor quality of minors is the root cause of their crimes.
Some minors are caught in gambling, drinking and other bad habits because they usually relax their demands on themselves. Some minors have been pampered since childhood, and they have developed a character of leisure and hate work. Once you encounter setbacks or unsatisfied demands, you will often use extreme means to vent your dissatisfaction, which will lead to illegal crimes. Specific performance in:
First of all, self-centeredness is too strong. Today's minors, many of whom are only children, have long lived in an environment where everyone is around. In addition, some parents dote on them and try their best to satisfy their various desires and demands, even unreasonable demands. Therefore, they gradually formed a self-centered consciousness. They do whatever they want, willful, selfish and overbearing. They only pay attention to their own feelings and seldom even ignore the interests of others. They are competitive but lack enterprising spirit and sense of responsibility, and even do whatever it takes to achieve their goals.
Secondly, emotional fragility and poor ability to withstand setbacks. Nowadays, most of the growth process of minors is smooth sailing, and they have not encountered any major setbacks. Their psychological ability to bear setbacks is very fragile. When they are slightly frustrated, they often show excessive disappointment and give up on themselves. Without proper guidance, they will soon embark on the road of breaking the law and committing crimes.
Finally, I like leisure and hate work, and I have strong dependence and poor self-care ability. Many minors have been living in a superior family environment of "clothes to reach out, food to mouth", and have developed a bad habit of despising and hating labor since childhood. Strong dependence on life and poor self-care ability. Therefore, once the economic resources they depend on are lost and cannot meet their needs, they will use illegal and criminal acts to maintain their leisure and hate work habits and embark on the road of illegal and criminal activities.