1, the research object of pedagogy.

2. There are several viewpoints about the origin of education in history: the mythical origin of education, the biological origin of education, the psychological origin of education and the labor origin of education.

3. The quality requirements of primary and secondary school teachers can be summarized as: professional ethics, basic literacy of culture and science, professional knowledge of disciplines, knowledge and skills of educational theory, and literacy of educational ability.

4. Classroom is the central link of all teaching work.

5. The basic factors affecting human development are heredity, environment and education.

6. The "Ren Xu" school system adopted by1922 basically refers to the American school system, which is usually called the "633" school system and has been used for the longest time in old China.

7. The basic elements of the educational process are educators, educatees and educational influences.

8. Confucius was the first person in China who put forward the heuristic teaching idea. In foreign countries, heuristic teaching began with Socrates in ancient Greece.

9. Student development is a key indicator to measure the running level of a school.

10, the class teacher strives for parents' cooperation, and the main ways to contact parents are home visits, parent-teacher meetings and written contact.

Second, the choice of uncertain items (fill in the correct answer question number on the horizontal line, with a total score of 10)

1. Pedagogy has become an independent discipline, which is marked by the publication of Comenius' great teaching theory.

2, the following belongs to the characteristics of primitive social education is (. No class)

3. Students are human beings and the object of education, so they have a selective influence on external education.

4. According to the requirements of the syllabus, the method of organizing students to carry out practical operations inside and outside the school and applying book knowledge to practice is a practical method.

5. Compared with general physical exercise, school physical education is more systematic.

6. Durkheim is the representative of teleology of social-oriented education.

7. The main form of teaching organization in China is the class teaching system.

8. The idea of "teaching and development" was put forward by zankov.

9. The work of a class teacher begins with understanding and studying students.

10, in extracurricular activities, teachers are in the position of inspiration and guidance. Education and pedagogy

Essentials of pedagogy

In our country, Mencius was the first person to use both "teaching" and "teaching".

"Mencius with all my heart" "It's fun to be educated by talents in the world." In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi "teaches, applies it above, and works below"; "Educate, foster children to be good".

Education in a broad sense includes family education, social education and school education.

Elements of school education: educators, educated people and educational influence.

Types of school education system: dual track system, single track system and branch school system.

1902, China promulgated the first modern academic system "Renyin Academic System", namely "imperial academy Constitution"; 1903, the Guimao Academic System was promulgated and officially implemented, that is, the Playing School Charter; 1922, the "Ren Xu academic system" was promulgated and implemented, that is, the current "633" academic system, which is still in use today.

China had the form of school education as early as 4000 years ago in Xia Dynasty.

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, there was a distinction between "national studies" and "rural studies". Formed a six-art education (ritual, music, shooting, imperial, calligraphy and mathematics) centered on both civil and military skills. Its typical characteristics are "learning in the government" and "integration of politics and religion".

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Confucius had the largest private school.

Dong Zhongshu put forward the idea of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" in Han Dynasty.

The imperial examination system prevailed after Sui and Tang Dynasties.

After the Song Dynasty, Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism became a national study, and the "Four Books" and "Five Classics" were taken as the basic textbooks and the basis of imperial examinations. (Northern Song Dynasty Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Southern Song Dynasty Zhu)

After the Ming Dynasty, stereotyped writing was stipulated as a fixed mode of imperial examination.

1905, the Qing government ordered the abolition of the imperial examination and the establishment of schools.

In ancient Egypt, the largest number of schools of scribes were established; "Learning to be an excellent official" has become the goal pursued by the general slave-owning class. "Taking monks as teachers" and "taking officials as teachers" have become a major feature of ancient Egyptian education.

In ancient India, religious authority was supreme and education was controlled by Brahmanism and Buddhism.

The education in ancient Greece is the source of western education, and the education in Sparta and Athens has become the typical representatives of two different kinds of education.

The types of schools in medieval western Europe were mainly missionary schools, which were divided into monastery schools, archbishop schools and parish schools.

Knight education is a special form of family education which combines religious spirit and martial spirit. The court school is a school located in the court, which provides education for the children of the royal family.

Modern school education sprouted in the Renaissance.

The main measures to establish a national education system under the capitalist system are: the state establishes a public education system, implements compulsory education and attaches importance to education legislation.

The basic symbol of modern education and ancient education: the combination of education and productive labor.

From 65438 to 0965, the French educator Paul lengrand put forward the theory of lifelong education.

The basic condition of realizing lifelong education: establishing a learning society.

The trend of world education reform: lifelong education, universal education, democratic education, diversified education and modernization of educational technology.

The diversification of education is manifested in the diversification of training objectives, school-running forms, management models, teaching contents and evaluation standards.

Pedagogy is a discipline that studies teachers' phenomena and educational problems and reveals the laws of education.

Confucius is the greatest educator and educational thinker in China, a Confucian culture. Confucius' educational thoughts are reflected in The Analects of Confucius. Education advocates "teaching without class" and hopes to cultivate people into "saints" and "gentlemen". The basic subjects of education content teaching are poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, music, Yi, Spring and Autumn. Teaching emphasizes "learning to know" and puts forward teaching principles such as teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, inspiring and inducing, paying equal attention to learning and thinking, combining knowledge with practice, and applying what they have learned.

The earliest educational book in China was Xueji, which appeared in the later period of the war. Among them, the ideas of learning from each other's strong points, enlightening teaching and being strict with teachers are still of positive significance.

The educational thought of humanist thinkers in the Renaissance is an important source of bourgeois educational thought.

Bacon, a British philosopher and natural scientist, made an important contribution to the independence of pedagogy, which was first put forward in 1623. Comenius was the first person who put pedagogy on the road of independent development. The Great Teaching Theory published by 1632 is regarded as a sign that pedagogy has embarked on the road of independent development.

Rousseau, Pestalozzi and others inherited and developed Comenius' natural education thought. Rousseau is a French enlightenment thinker and educator. He put forward the idea of nature and free education in Emile. The nature of others is good, and the most precious thing for people is freedom. Pestalozzi, a Swiss civilian educator, believes that the purpose of education is to develop all children's natural talents in an all-round and harmonious way according to the laws of nature. Education should integrate intellectual education, moral education and physical education, so that the head, heart and hands can be developed.

Locke, a British philosopher, put forward the "whiteboard theory" and thought that "the reason why human beings are so different is because of education". It is proposed (1) that feudal hierarchical education should be abolished and everyone can receive education. (2) think that gentleman education makes the most important, even opposed, bourgeois children and working people's children receive education at school together, and advocate that gentleman education should be implemented in the family. Locke's thought is embodied in his masterpiece "Random Talk on Education".

The formation of standardized teaching is marked by the publication of Herbart's masterpiece General Pedagogy. Dewey, an American philosopher and educator, greatly promoted the development of normative pedagogy.

Herbart is the person who has the greatest influence on later generations and clearly constructs the pedagogy system. He was the first to put forward ethics and psychology as the theoretical basis of pedagogy, so as to make pedagogy a science. Educational purpose: to cultivate truly kind people. Four-stage teaching method: understanding, association, system and method. Later, his students divided understanding into two parts: preparation and prompt.

Herbart's educational thought is the representative of traditional pedagogy.

Dewey is the founder of pragmatic pedagogy and the main representative of modern educational theory. The essence of education is "education is life", "education is growth" and "education is the transformation and reorganization of experience". The educational viewpoint of "learning by doing" emphasizes the unity of teaching methods and textbooks, the unity of purposes and activities, and the unity of wisdom and inquiry. Teaching ideas of "children's center", "activity curriculum" and "learning by doing"

From 65438 to 0939, Kailov, a Soviet educational theorist, published pedagogy guided by Marxist theory.

Bruner, an American educator, emphasized the basic structure of learning subjects in the educational process and put forward the theory of early learning and discovery learning.

Zhakov, a Soviet educator, put forward five teaching principles in Teaching and Development, namely, it is difficult to teach, fast to teach, theoretical knowledge plays a role in cognition, understanding the learning process and developing all students, including poor students.