The disciplinary nature of aesthetics is a branch of philosophy. Aesthetics is a humanities discipline for the following reasons: First, aesthetics, as a humanities discipline, is different from natural science and humanities;
Secondly, aesthetics, as a humanities subject, has different research methods from natural science and social science.
Question 2: What is the object of aesthetic research? Aesthetics is a subject with the theme of studying the essence and significance of beauty. Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy. The main object of research is art, but it does not study the concrete expression in art, but studies the philosophical problems in art, so it is called "artistic philosophy of beauty". The basic problems of aesthetics include the essence of beauty, the relationship between aesthetic consciousness and aesthetic object, etc. Although Baumgarden defined the research object of aesthetics for the first time in history, his views did not get unanimous response in academic circles. After Baum Garden, "What does aesthetics study" has always been a controversial issue. But so far, there are basically three kinds of tendentious opinions: the first opinion holds that the research object of aesthetics is beauty itself. In the view of those who hold this opinion, the problem to be discussed in aesthetics is not the specific beautiful things, but the beauty itself shared by all beautiful things, which is the fundamental reason why all beautiful things are beautiful. The second view holds that the research object of aesthetics is art and aesthetics is the philosophy of art, which has been recognized by a considerable number of aestheticians in the history of western aesthetics. The third view holds that the research object of aesthetics is aesthetic experience and aesthetic psychology. With the rise of psychology in the19th century, this view advocates using psychological viewpoints and methods to explain and study all aesthetic phenomena, and puts aesthetic psychology and aesthetic experience at the center of aesthetic research. In a word, all the above viewpoints on the object of aesthetic research have their own reasons, but they also have their own defects, which are difficult to be recognized by the academic community. We basically tend to the first opinion, because taking beauty itself as the research object of aesthetics is more in line with the essence of aesthetics; Secondly, the interpretation of art and aesthetic experience depends on the interpretation of beauty itself. However, traditional speculative aesthetics puts the study of beauty itself in the thinking mode of subject-object opposition and applies the method of technical rationality, which we can't agree with. The final result will only lead to the crisis and dissolution of aesthetics itself, just like modern western aesthetics. Contemporary international aesthetic research is more inclined to artistic research, and even calls aesthetics philosophy of art, because it is one of the signs to verify the effectiveness of contemporary aesthetics, because it cannot be studied or explained, especially the form of contemporary art completely exceeds the definition of traditional aesthetic significance.
Question 3: What kind of discipline is aesthetics? 1. The object of aesthetic research is aesthetic phenomenon, that is, aesthetic activity.
2. Aesthetics is an artificial subject.
3. Aesthetics is a comprehensive humanities subject.
4. The core method of aesthetic research is philosophy.
Question 4: What does aesthetics study? research objects
The first view holds that the research object of aesthetics is beauty itself. In the view of those who hold this opinion, the problem to be discussed in aesthetics is not the specific beautiful things, but the beauty itself shared by all beautiful things, which is the fundamental reason why all beautiful things are beautiful.
The second view holds that the research object of aesthetics is art and aesthetics is the philosophy of art, which has been recognized by a considerable number of aestheticians in the history of western aesthetics.
The third view holds that the research object of aesthetics is aesthetic experience and aesthetic psychology. With the rise of psychology in the19th century, this view advocates using psychological viewpoints and methods to explain and study all aesthetic phenomena, and puts aesthetic psychology and aesthetic experience at the center of aesthetic research.
Baum Tong Jia believes that the object of aesthetics is to study beauty, that is, to study the perfection of perceptual knowledge. He said: the object of aesthetics is the perfection of perceptual knowledge (in itself), which is beauty; In contrast, perceptual knowledge is imperfect, which is ugliness. Beauty is to teach people how to think in a beautiful way, which is a science to study the low-level cognitive style, that is, the task of aesthetics as a low-level epistemology. In other words, as a low-level epistemological aesthetics, its task is to study the perfection of perceptual knowledge, which is beauty. Baum Tong Jia thought aesthetics was the study of beauty, but he did not exclude art, and regarded art as the main content of his research. He said: Aesthetics is the art of thinking in a beautiful way, and it is the theory of the art of beauty.
Hegel believes that the object of aesthetics is the art of studying beauty. He said: the object of aesthetics is the vast field of beauty. More precisely, its scope is art, or rather, it is beautiful art. The beauty he said is not ordinary realistic beauty, but artistic beauty. He believes that the proper name of aesthetics is the philosophy of art, more precisely, the philosophy of beauty. According to the name that aesthetics is the philosophy of beautiful art, natural beauty is excluded from the field of aesthetic research. But Hegel also studied natural beauty. He studies natural beauty because it is the embodiment of spiritual beauty, that is, artistic beauty.
While criticizing Hegel's aesthetics, Chernyshevski emphasized the study of realistic beauty and the aesthetic relationship between art and reality. But he thinks that the object of aesthetic research is not beauty, but art. He wrote in Aristotle's Poetics: What is aesthetics? Isn't it the system of art in general, especially the principle of poem bottom? In the study of art, we should include beauty in the aesthetic sense, but art is not limited to beauty, because the content of aesthetics should study art and reflect everything that interests people in life. He believes that if aesthetics only studies beauty, then sublime, great and funny are not included. Aesthetic object is greater than beauty, but it should include the whole art theory.
Aesthetics (Greek: Aestheticism) was first put forward by the German philosopher Baumgarton in 1750. Aesthetics is a discipline that studies the aesthetic relationship between man and the world, that is, the object of aesthetic research is aesthetic activities. Aesthetic activity is a life experience activity with the image world as the object, and it is also a spiritual and cultural activity of human beings.
Aesthetics belongs to two disciplines of philosophy. Learning aesthetics well requires a solid philosophical foundation and artistic accomplishment. It is not only a speculative discipline, but also a perceptual discipline. Aesthetics is closely related to literature and art, psychology, linguistics, anthropology, mythology and other disciplines.
The history of western aesthetics began with Plato. Although Pythagoras and others began to discuss aesthetic issues before Plato, Plato was the first philosopher to discuss aesthetic issues from the height of philosophical speculation. In China, the pre-Qin period was the golden age for the development of China's classical aesthetics. The aesthetics of Laozi, Confucius, Yi Chuan and Zhuangzi laid the development direction of China's classical aesthetics. But the real starting point of China's aesthetics is Laozi. A series of concepts such as Tao, Qi, image, nothingness, emptiness, reality, emptiness and tranquility, metaphysics, which were put forward and expounded by Laozi, had a great influence on China's classical aesthetics. China's theory of vitality, China's theory of imagery and China's theory of artistic conception ...
Question 5: What is the object of aesthetic research? Aesthetics is a subject with the theme of studying the essence and significance of beauty. Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy. The main object of research is art, but it does not study the concrete expression in art, but studies the philosophical problems in art, so it is called "artistic philosophy of beauty". The basic problems of aesthetics include the essence of beauty, the relationship between aesthetic consciousness and aesthetic object, etc. Although Baumgarden defined the research object of aesthetics for the first time in history, his views did not get unanimous response in academic circles. After Baum Garden, "What does aesthetics study" has always been a controversial issue. But so far, there are basically three kinds of tendentious opinions: the first opinion holds that the research object of aesthetics is beauty itself. In the view of those who hold this opinion, the problem to be discussed in aesthetics is not the specific beautiful things, but the beauty itself shared by all beautiful things, which is the fundamental reason why all beautiful things are beautiful. The second view holds that the research object of aesthetics is art and aesthetics is the philosophy of art, which has been recognized by a considerable number of aestheticians in the history of western aesthetics. The third view holds that the research object of aesthetics is aesthetic experience and aesthetic psychology. With the rise of psychology in the19th century, this view advocates using psychological viewpoints and methods to explain and study all aesthetic phenomena, and puts aesthetic psychology and aesthetic experience at the center of aesthetic research. In a word, all the above viewpoints on the object of aesthetic research have their own reasons, but they also have their own defects, which are difficult to be recognized by the academic community. We basically tend to the first opinion, because taking beauty itself as the research object of aesthetics is more in line with the essence of aesthetics; Secondly, the interpretation of art and aesthetic experience depends on the interpretation of beauty itself. However, traditional speculative aesthetics puts the study of beauty itself in the thinking mode of subject-object opposition and applies the method of technical rationality, which we can't agree with. The final result will only lead to the crisis and dissolution of aesthetics itself, just like modern western aesthetics. Contemporary international aesthetic research is more inclined to artistic research, and even calls aesthetics philosophy of art, because it is one of the signs to verify the effectiveness of contemporary aesthetics, because it cannot be studied or explained, especially the form of contemporary art completely exceeds the definition of traditional aesthetic significance.
Question 6: What is aesthetics? What does it include? Aesthetics is traditionally a theory that studies beauty. Aesthetics is not simply "beauty" and "ugliness", but mainly studies the essence and significance of beauty.
Aesthetics itself is a philosophical discipline. Aesthetics involves a wide range of fields, but ultimately it is inseparable from the relationship with people.
Aesthetics is mainly philosophical aesthetics and literary aesthetics. Literary aesthetics mainly studies the general laws of aesthetic consciousness, aesthetic ideal, aesthetic creation and aesthetic appreciation in literary works.
This website can give you a preliminary understanding of aesthetics, baike.baidu/view/18968.
If you want to study deeply, you'd better go to the bookstore to buy some related books. I won't introduce them here. You can add QQ to ask me if you have any questions.
Question 7: What is aesthetics? Aesthetics is a science that studies aesthetic categories such as beauty, ugliness and sublimity, people's aesthetic consciousness and experience, and the emergence, development and law of beauty from the perspective of the aesthetic relationship between man and reality. Aesthetics is a subject with the theme of studying the essence and significance of beauty. Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy. The research mainly focuses on artistic image, but not on concrete expression in art, but on philosophical issues in art, so it is called "artistic philosophy of beauty". The basic problems of aesthetics include the essence of beauty, the relationship between aesthetic consciousness and aesthetic object, etc.
Because the methods of aesthetic research are diversified, (we can adopt the method of philosophical thinking, and we can also learn from the research methods of other related disciplines today, such as experience description and psychoanalysis, anthropology and sociology, linguistics and culturology. ), because the objects of beauty are natural beauty, artistic beauty and social beauty. , are the results of subjective and objective research. The word aesthetics comes from the Greek word aisthetikos. The original meaning is "the feeling of the senses". The German philosopher Baum Tong Jia first used this word. The publication of his book Aesthetics marks the emergence of aesthetics as an independent discipline.
The task of traditional aesthetics is to study works of art as an eternal standard of "beauty". The metaphysical aesthetics of German idealism was considered as the only standard aesthetics at that time. In this case, there are two branches: psychological aesthetics and aesthetics. For a long time, aesthetic (perceptual) cognition has been regarded as the opposite of rational cognition. This view has been replaced by a new modern view, that is, this opposite does not exist, and rational cognition must be realized through perceptual cognitive process. Even sharp logic can also become a high aesthetic value at the same time.
Question 8: How was aesthetics established as a discipline? Aesthetics is a science that studies aesthetic categories such as beauty, ugliness and sublimity, people's aesthetic consciousness and experience, and the emergence, development and law of beauty from the perspective of the aesthetic relationship between man and reality. The word "aesthetics" comes from the Greek Aisthetikcs. Baumgarden, a German aesthetician, advocated the establishment of "aesthetics" in his book Aesthetics in 1750, and aesthetics became an independent discipline. The objects of aesthetic research include 1, beauty, such as the emergence and development of beauty; The essence, characteristics and functions of beauty; Natural beauty, social beauty, artistic beauty and other beautiful forms; Composition factors and laws of beauty such as content beauty and formal beauty; 2. Aesthetics, such as the occurrence, development, nature, characteristics and laws of aesthetic psychology, aesthetic consciousness and aesthetic feeling; 3. The creation of beauty, such as the law of creation, development and appreciation of realistic beauty and artistic beauty; 4. Aesthetic categories, such as ugliness, sublimity, tragedy, comedy and other categories of aesthetic characteristics, development laws and their relationship with beauty; 5. Aesthetic education; 6. Aesthetics itself. The development of aesthetic thoughts and disciplines can be roughly divided into four stages. 1, embryonic stage. In primitive times, primitive people began to create primitive art in their labor, showing their primitive aesthetic consciousness of nature, society and art, with the bud of aesthetic thought. 2. Formation stage. After entering the civilized era, with the development of productivity, mode of production, thinking ability, science and art, aesthetic thought gradually became clear, conscious and theoretical, and was recorded in philosophy, literature, ethics, education and other documents. China's Confucius, Laozi, Mencius, Zhuangzi, Wang Chong, Liu Xie, Su Shi, Li Zhi and Wang Fuzhi all put forward unique aesthetic thoughts. Abroad, the Pythagorean School in ancient Greece, Plato, Aristotle and philosophers such as Bok, Hume and Descartes after the Renaissance, literary theorists such as boileau and Lessing, and enlighteners such as Diderot all made theoretical and practical preparations for the birth of aesthetics. 1750, Baumgarden formally proposed the establishment of aesthetics discipline. 3. System development stage. 1end of the 8th century to1middle of the 9th century. Kant in Germany established the aesthetic system of subjective idealism. Hegel established the dialectical aesthetic system of objective idealism. Russian Chernyshevski developed the old materialism aesthetics to the highest stage. Marxist aesthetics demonstrates that labor practice has created beauty and humanized nature, human nature has been objectified, and aesthetic consciousness and art are the dynamic reflection of reality, which makes aesthetics gradually establish a real scientific system and mature. 4. Modern development stage. From 19 century. Further, combining macro-research with micro-research, comprehensive research with sub-research, theoretical discussion with practical application, a variety of sub-disciplines such as philosophical aesthetics, artistic aesthetics, psychological aesthetics, technical aesthetics and life aesthetics have been derived. Modern humanism, modern scientism aesthetics and experimental aesthetics, gestalt psychology aesthetics, psychoanalysis aesthetics, pragmatism aesthetics, naturalism aesthetics, expressionism aesthetics, semantics aesthetics, analytical aesthetics, phenomenology aesthetics, intuitionism aesthetics, * * * * aesthetics, structuralism aesthetics, existentialism aesthetics, hermeneutics aesthetics, reception aesthetics, symbolism aesthetics and other schools have emerged one after another, and Marxist aesthetics has also emerged. Aesthetics is the product of human social practice, aesthetic practice and the practice of creating beauty, and it is a theoretical summary of the practical experience of diachronic and synchronic aesthetics and creating beauty for human beings and individuals. It is of great theoretical significance to the development of philosophy, social science and natural science, especially to the prosperity of literature and art. It is of great practical significance to the development of aesthetic education, the promotion of people to establish a correct aesthetic view, the cultivation of healthy aesthetic taste, the improvement of aesthetic and creative beauty, and the transformation of society, the beautification of life and the improvement of human nature. The above is excerpted from Aesthetic Dictionary (Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, April 2007,No. 1 edition).
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Question 9: What are the three elements of aesthetics? The "three elements" of five-point aesthetic design are painting, color and layout, and aesthetics is a subject that shows natural beauty through the three elements of arc.
Design aesthetics is a new discipline based on modern design theory and application, combined with traditional aesthetic theory and art research. Design is an interdisciplinary subject based on technology and art, and combining them in application. Its research object, research scope and specific application are different from traditional art disciplines. As a theoretical branch of design discipline, design aesthetics is also different from traditional aesthetic art research. Therefore, it not only has its own characteristics in discipline orientation, research object and research scope, but also has its own unique requirements in practical application.
Question 10: What is aesthetics? Aesthetics is a science that studies aesthetic categories such as beauty, ugliness and sublimity, people's aesthetic consciousness and experience, and the emergence, development and law of beauty from the perspective of the aesthetic relationship between man and reality.
Aesthetics is a subject with the theme of studying the essence and significance of beauty. Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy. The main object of research is art, but it does not study the concrete expression in art, but studies the philosophical problems in art, so it is called "artistic philosophy of beauty". The basic problems of aesthetics include the essence of beauty, the relationship between aesthetic consciousness and aesthetic object, etc.