So, although it seems that geocentric theory is a wrong conclusion now, at that time, it was established by scientific methods, but it was limited by people's observation ability. In China, textbooks generally divide science into natural science and social science. In China, the concepts of mind, reason, learning and philosophy are considered to be no different from natural science and social science. Therefore, the word "science" is often used vaguely. Engineering disciplines are called engineering and science and engineering, and liberal arts and science are also called liberal arts and science. From the perspective of accuracy, verifiability and universal recognition, the word science refers to natural science. Science in a broad sense includes science and technology and sociology.
China traditionally called all knowledge "knowledge", but in ancient times, knowledge about natural things was called "physics", so ancient physics was a natural science, and mathematics was independent of "physics". Since the Ming Dynasty, China has been called Gezhi, that is, Wu Ge Zhi Zhi, to express the knowledge gained from studying natural things.
"Knowing knowledge from things" contains the spirit of seeking truth from facts, but its connotation is far richer than "seeking truth from facts". The difference between the current popular viewpoint and Zhu's viewpoint lies in the explanation of "knowing". Zhu's so-called "knowledge" is intellectual-including wisdom and knowledge-while the "knowledge" in modern popular views only refers to knowledge, which may be due to the influence of the popular materialistic views in today's society.
Natural science is the general name of all kinds of sciences that study inorganic nature and organic nature, including human biological attributes. The object of cognition is the whole nature, that is, various types, states, attributes and motion forms of natural substances. The task of cognition is to reveal the phenomena and essence of natural phenomena, and then grasp the regularity of these phenomena and processes, so as to explain them, predict new phenomena and processes, and open up various possible ways for the rational and purposeful application of natural laws in society, society, practice and practice.
When social science was first established, it was to establish an ordinary social science, while some people pursued the specialization of a single subject. The latter won. Economy and politics, politics and science first reach an independent scientific level; Followed by anthropology and sociology. Society, society, psychology, science, and learning also began in the19th century, but the outline is not as clear as other disciplines. Finally, social statistics and social geography appeared. In the 20th century, various processes caused by people, property owners and industry, revolution and fate spread to other parts of the world, and various relationships between the west and the east, that is, the relationship between the west and the east, and all the "new country" phenomena are precisely the extremely important aspects of society, society, science and scholarship.
The thoughts of Marx, Marx and Engels are profound to hundreds of millions of human beings today, such as Tao, morality, emphasis, honesty, teaching, meaning and righteousness. Even in the west and the east, horse, gram, thought, subject and righteousness have great influence on thought. He first proposed that society can be guided by planning. Because of China's interest, center, planning, planning, Kay, Yin, and the company's thinking, thinking and harvesting, it has gained historic significance. In the general field of man, personality, consciousness and character, Karl Marx, Friedrich Marx, Karl Marx, Karl Marx, Karl Marx and Friedrich Marx's works have no influence on the culture and thought of the 20th century. His foundation, foundation, theory and theory have entered many societies, societies, disciplines and studies.
Natural science is a science that studies natural things, properties, shapes, states, structures, properties, movements, rules and laws. Including basic sciences such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, astronomy, qi, image and science, and agricultural science, biology, biology, medicine, science, materials science, science and science. It is a summary of human experience in transforming nature. Its development depends on the development of production. In primitive society, the struggle between human beings and nature was influenced by simple and clumsy production tools and primitive, primitive and religious consciousness, and the development of natural science was slow. However, every scientific and technological progress made by mankind has promoted the development of production, and at the same time promoted the continuous accumulation of natural science knowledge, which indicates a new breakthrough in science and technology.
Therefore, although people at that time were still in ignorance, ignorance and barbarism, ignorance, form and state, they constantly promoted the development of science, knowledge, technology and technology with diligence and wisdom in their struggle with nature. Science, learning, practice, experiment, production practice and social practice are called the three major practical activities of human beings. Practice is not only the source of theory, but also the only criterion to test the correctness of theory. Scientific experiment is the source and test standard of natural science theory. Especially in modern natural science research, any new discovery, invention and theory must be based on reproducible experimental results, otherwise it will not be accepted by others, and even the possibility of publishing academic papers will be banned. Even pure theoretical researchers must have a deep understanding of what they are concerned about, such as reality, experience, conclusion, result, and even reality, experience, experience and process.
Therefore, it can be said that science, study, practice and experiment are extremely important activities and research, investigation, prescription and methods in the development of natural science. Social things studied by social science are generally very complex and restricted by many natural and social variables, which are often interrelated and nonlinear. The object of social science research generally has the ability of self-organization, self-creation and self-development; The appearance of social things is often triggered by accidental events or individual characters, which is very random and fuzzy; Social science often involves more questions such as "should" and "hope", and the judgment of these questions strongly depends on the observer's thinking, thinking, movement and machine, and is restricted by many internal and external variables, showing strong randomness and fuzziness. It is difficult for people to find out the inevitability, nature, reasons and elements behind these random factors, and it is also difficult to find out the object, present, movement and reasons from the ideological motivation, which brings great difficulties to accurately and objectively analyze society, society, science and learning, and can only use qualitative analysis in large quantities.
General social things are based on or related to many natural things, so any social science often involves many natural disciplines, research, disciplines and fields, and depends on the all-round development of natural science to a great extent. If natural science is not fully developed, it will be difficult for social science to make a major breakthrough in accuracy and objectivity.
The understanding and evaluation of social things are restricted by many subjective factors, which mainly depends on the interest relationship between the observer and the observed object. Therefore, various social sciences tend to have strong nationality, race, gender and order, hierarchy and gender. This "preconceived" subjective factor caused by interests, interests, customs and relationships induces people to form non-neutral, non-objective and irrational views, observations, attitudes and degrees, and it is easy to form "society, society, science and learning" representing different people, races, interests, interests and grades, grades, interests and interests. Generally speaking, social things run for a long time and are irreversible in time. The operation of some social things can easily produce huge interests, benefits, conflicts and mutations, and also cause some impossible, foreseeable and foreseeable disasters and difficulties, so it is difficult to make assumptions, predictions, predictions, statements, difficulties, and so on.
Ma, Ke, Si, Zeng, Qian and Yan said: "Science can only be realistic if it starts from natural science. History itself is a natural history, that is, nature has become a realistic part of human progress. In the future, natural science will include science about people, just as human science includes natural science: it will be a unified science. "
In the past 100 years, human beings have made rapid progress in natural science, society, science and learning, especially in self, nature, science and learning, which not only penetrated into the macro, outlook, collar, domain, universe, outlook, collar, domain and micro, outlook, collar and domain of nature, but also penetrated into people, classes and machines. Social science is increasingly influenced by self, nature, science and learning. Many research methods of self, nature, science and learning have been effectively applied to the research process of social science, which has effectively promoted the development of social science.
The demand of social productive forces for the accuracy, objectivity and systematicness of social science is the decisive factor that restricts the development of social science. When the development level of social productive forces is low and social things are relatively simple, society only needs macro and rough control, and people only need to rely on simple subjective reflection to adjust and control their behavior and thoughts. Social productive forces do not require high accuracy and objectivity of social sciences, and the driving force to promote the development of social sciences in the direction of accuracy and objectivity will not be too great. With the continuous development of social productive forces, the complexity of society, society, affairs and things is further improved, and the errors caused by people's subjective reflection are getting bigger and bigger. The resulting society, society, danger and harm are getting heavier and heavier, and the driving force to promote the development of society, society, science and academia in an accurate and objective direction is getting bigger and bigger. At the same time, as the social division of labor becomes more and more subtle, the social structure becomes more and more complex, the means of cooperation, association, control and regulation become more and more diverse, more and more accurate and timely, and all kinds of laws, regulations, provisions and texts become more and more specific and precise, which puts higher and higher demands on the accuracy and objectivity of technical cooperation, association, science and learning.
With the continuous development of society, society, birth, production and strength, society, customs and relations are becoming more and more complex and changeable, which requires social science to continuously improve its objectivity, accuracy and systematicness. Science, learning, technology and technology should be applied to production practice to promote and promote the development of productive forces.
Science and technology are borderless and have universal significance or universal effectiveness beyond geographical restrictions: the practical application of science, learning, technology and technology will inevitably require constant changes in social production, cooperation, society, success and all-round flow of personnel, which will lead to the whole, the ball and culture. Science and technology are the primary productive forces. Throughout ancient and modern times, every progress of human society is accompanied by the progress of science, learning, technology and technology, especially the rapid development of modern science and technology, which has opened up a broader space for the development of social productive forces and human civilization and effectively promoted the development of economy and society. The rapid growth of high-tech enterprises such as computer, communication, information, biology, medicine, medicine and new materials in China has greatly improved the industrial technology level of China, promoted the improvement of industry, agriculture, industry, labor, animal husbandry, health and productivity, and greatly promoted the development of the whole national economy.
Practice has proved that high-tech, innovative technology, science and technology and their industries have become the leading industries in contemporary economic development. Science and technology are the symbols of human civilization. The progress and popularization of science and technology have provided mankind with new means to spread ideas and culture, such as broadcasting, electricity, video, electricity, video recording, image, Internet and network, making the construction of essence, spirit, literature and civilization a new carrier. At the same time, it is of great significance to enrich people's spiritual life and update people's thinking, thinking, viewing, reading, breaking, eliminating, confusing and believing.
The progress of science and technology has created great material, quality, wealth, wealth and essence, spirit, wealth and wealth for mankind. With the advent of the era of knowledge economy, the endless development of science and technology and its unlimited creativity will continue to make greater contributions to human civilization. With the increasing enrichment of the knowledge system of modern science and technology, the dynamic reaction of science, science, technology, technology, philosophy and learning (self, nature, discrimination, evidence and law) to modern science and technology has become increasingly prominent. With the increasing socialization, systematization and complexity of modern science and technology, science and technology have to be investigated from the perspective of philosophy, which naturally has an impact on scientific research and engineering, process and law.
The relationship between science and technology is different in different historical periods, from technology-led development to science-led development, from the separation of technology and science to the precise combination of science and technology. The development of modern science and technology shortens the time between the basic research of science and the application and development of technology, especially the birth of departments, systems, science and learning, which leads to the rapid transformation of automation, computer, communication, information, technology and technology from science and technology to industrialization. Learning leads to the coupling of department, system, biology, biology and synthetic biology, which will soon lead to the application of department, system, medicine, learning and department, system, life, engineering and process, thus leading to individualization, medicine, learning, culture, medicine, learning and medicine, therapy, engineering, process, culture, department and system.
High-tech, science and technology are like messengers to communicate reality with the future, guiding people to constantly open up development space and move towards a dynamic new world. Contemporary science, technology, innovation and life centered on information, information and technology are developing vigorously on a global scale, marking a historic leap from human society to information society. Information technology includes microelectronics, optoelectronics, computer technology, communication technology, imaging technology, technology and display technology. Since 1990s, information, technology, technology direction, personality, culture, high speed, network, culture, integration, success, culture, intelligence, ability and culture have developed rapidly. Its rapid development and wide application have led to many changes and innovations in high-tech, new technology, craft, technology, technology and fields, which constitute a magnificent picture of scientific and technological innovation.
Many scientists have seen the inevitable trend of social science's self-realization, naturalization, scientization, academic and cultural, and have done a lot of research work, but many of them have ended in failure. Therefore, some scholars even fundamentally deny this inevitable trend. They make the distinction between social science and natural science absolute, and attach great importance to social science, especially humanities, literature, science, learning, spirituality, secrecy and culture. They think that society, society, science and learning all involve the question of "what should it be", that is, self, nature, science and learning.
Many people think that the object of natural science research is natural objects without soul and independent consciousness, while the object of social science, study, research and research is people with spirit, soul and independent consciousness. It is not only necessary but also possible for social science to move towards self-study, nature, science and learning. No matter how complicated the society is, it is the product of nature after all, and it is the same with nature in a higher sense.
No matter how super-perceptual and super-material human beings are, it is a manifestation of material movement after all. The complexity and mystery of human beings and society can finally be fully, accurately and objectively revealed and described through the high development of natural science. Natural science and social science will eventually be infinitely close to the same axis and completely integrated, thus completely eliminating the subjectivity, fuzziness and inaccuracy that are common in social science at present.
With the development of modern science, highly abstract and comprehensive system theory, cybernetics and information theory have widely penetrated into all fields of social science, greatly improving the natural science speed of social science. It has laid a preliminary theoretical foundation for pushing self, nature, science and learning to biology and then to human society, which has gradually eliminated our awe of human beings' own gods, secrets, feelings and social sciences, and enabled us to see a new future and dawn for the development of social sciences. The purpose of studying society is naturally to promote the development of society, and every cell of society is human. The purpose of studying social science is to improve people's quality of life, in the words of economics, to improve happiness, interests, water and peace.
In the final analysis, that is to say, the purpose of social science research is for people and the public. The stronger the explanatory power, the more effectively social science can guide people's well-being, interests, water and peace. Science, learning, technology and technology refer to the ability of human beings to actually master, understand and apply objects, concepts, self, nature, rules and laws. Science, technology, achievements and results refer to the current level of this practical ability. Because the level of science and technology is the degree of human understanding and application of objects, concepts, rules and laws, every step of this level is a scientific and technological achievement.