At present, modern psychologists believe that there are five factors that affect people's personality. Burghard Andres, a psychologist in Hamburg, recently announced that he has discovered the sixth factor that affects people's personality-"adventurous spirit", or "courage". At the same time, Andres also developed a set of psychological tests, with which everyone can find their own strengths and weaknesses in this respect.
The company is in trouble and must lay off employees. This involves six employees, and none of them made a mistake. In other words, they are all innocent. In the face of sudden unemployment, everyone has a different reaction.
The first person who was fired fell into an endless abyss and could not extricate himself. In his view, work has always been the recognition of his own value. Now, he is confused about his immediate unemployment. Great fear and pressure overwhelmed him, and he couldn't even calm down and talk about it calmly with others.
The second person who was fired was a person with a wide network of contacts and always had a positive attitude towards things. Knowing that he would be fired, he immediately went to find friends and old colleagues, established new contacts with them, and actively contacted re-employment promotion organizations. He has always been optimistic that he is sure to find a new job.
The third employee was at a loss. He used to be very punctual, reliable and diligent in the company. He puts his work first, while his friends and family are second. After losing his job, he applied to the relevant departments for job hunting and participated in re-employment training. Although he is not the kind of flexible person, it seems that it is not difficult for him to find another job.
The fourth colleague is the only one who actively responds to the sudden unemployment blow. He has many hobbies, especially music. In the past, he even often felt that work was an obstacle to his personality development. Now, he finally has his own time and can give full play to his talent and creativity. He hopes to become a freelancer and open up a vast new world of his own.
Other colleagues feel more sad about firing the fifth employee than herself. She is like the old mother of employees. Everyone is willing to open their hearts to her, express their troubles and ask her for help. She remembers the birthdays of every colleague and celebrates them. Colleagues are also willing to ask her to uphold justice and mediate between them. For her, unemployment is just an economic loss. Her warm-hearted nature enabled her to devote herself to her family quickly. She also often participates in charity activities organized by the church to take care of patients living nearby. After losing her job, she still felt that she had something to do.
These five employees are the most typical examples of "five basic factors affecting people's personality". The first employee who is at a loss is the first factor "sensitivity"; The second employee highlighted the second factor "communicative competence"; In the third person who was fired, "self-control ability" was highlighted; The fourth colleague showed "openness"; And the fifth employee like a mother-of course, it may also be a male employee-is the best embodiment of the factor of "caring for others".
Of course, the above-mentioned people who are extremely typical and purely influenced by certain personality factors are rare in real life. In fact, everyone is a complex combination of all these factors with different intensities. Nevertheless, many psychologists believe that they have mastered all the factors that determine a person's personality.
However, now that there is a sixth employee, his reaction to the sudden change of unemployment is completely different from that of the previous five employees. He went to the company manager and was furious with him, accusing him of poor leadership and demanding that he be promoted instead of fired. Of course it doesn't help. He was finally fired. Therefore, he did not hesitate to participate in the fierce market competition and strive for a more profitable position for himself. If he doesn't succeed, he will be sad, but he will never lose heart. If he hits the wall 100 times, he will take a cold bath before trying 10 1 times.
This personality characteristic cannot be classified into the so-called "five factors" summarized by traditional psychology in personality research. Because he is different from others, he has pioneering spirit, adventurous spirit and competitive consciousness, and he is resolute in doing things-which is the blind spot of the "five major factors".
Andres, a 5 1 year-old psychologist, is an expert in this field. After in-depth research, he finally found that there is another "sixth personality factor". People with this personality characteristic are typically eager for competition and willing to take risks. In the previous psychological theory, such people were not correctly described and analyzed. Andres called this personality characteristic "adventurous spirit".
Adventure is different from recklessness. The former has a clear purpose, clearly knows what he is doing and is willing to take responsibility. Take risks in order to achieve your goals. Competition excites him, and he is fearless in the face of cruel competition. People with this personality always ask themselves this question: "am I ready to take the leadership responsibility under the situation full of crises and challenges?"
Different from the "extroverted" people mentioned above, this kind of adventurous person is more inclined to face the challenge of severe situation alone and can bear major setbacks and blows to achieve the ultimate goal. It is these characteristics that make them leaders and leaders in people's minds, and they can give people strong incentives in adversity.
Research shows that such people account for a high proportion of company directors, taxi drivers, windsurfers and corporate consultants, and there are many more men than women. Surprisingly, there are fewer politicians than expected. But according to Andres' analysis, the new German Chancellor Schroeder belongs to this type. He has a strong desire for leadership and enterprise. He is impulsive and unpredictable, and often does unexpected things.
The discovery of the sixth basic personality factor is an important achievement of psychological research because it reveals a complete psychological balance system to people. If people divide the existing six personality factors into three groups, they will find that in this system, two opposing personalities work at the same time and jointly determine a person's personality. Openness and tendency to tradition, sociality and sensitivity and introversion, feminization of caring for others and masculinity of adventurous spirit-the hardest and gentlest aspects of human beings are well balanced in a person's personality.
Therefore, whether an adventurous person is indomitable and persistent in real life, or whether he is ruthless and ruthless in order to achieve his own goals depends on his negative characteristic of "caring for others". In other words, there are many other factors that play a role in the formation of a person's personality, such as education, talent, cultural environment and so on. About half of people's personality characteristics are determined by heredity; The other half is learned the day after tomorrow-from parents, teachers, their idols, TV and their own lives. It is not difficult to understand that there are both oskar schindler, a hero who helped Jews during World War II, and Rommel, a Nazi general known as the "desert fox".
People with "adventurous spirit" are not afraid of any danger. Even occasionally, I can finally overcome this mentality and rejoin the struggle. They will not give up their pursuit because they are worried about the threat to their health and life, but will accept the challenge and advance confidently in the face of danger and difficulties.
People who are eager for adventure seek excitement to experience the limits of life. But this experience is different from the excitement brought by the popular "bungee jumping" movement. The stimulus they pursue is not only a simple stimulus, but also a challenge until they reach the limit. Adventure spirit is a very special feature, which has a wide and profound influence on people's overall personality. People who are also adventurous may be sociable, approachable or solitary.
Andres believes that it is very important to judge a person's personality characteristics. Some special occupations have special requirements for people's personality. For example, it is unwise to let a typical adventurous person be a kindergarten teacher or a very sensitive person be an airborne commando.
If a person has a strong spirit of adventure, but seldom sympathizes with others, then his spirit of adventure is particularly prominent, and sometimes it even becomes a great threat to others and society. For the sake of their own interests, such people don't care about others at all, don't want to bear any responsibilities and obligations for others, and it is difficult to maintain long-term contacts with others.
As for why this distorted personality appears more and more frequently, Andres thinks that the reason is complicated and unpredictable, and now we have too little research in this field. But in general, the breakdown of family, the confusion of values and the shrinking or even loss of natural living space make it difficult for children to learn how to be a courageous person from the front. For adventurous adults, although they are always ambitious, they often don't know where to start. In this era, "the same"