Children's body organs and systems are still in the process of continuous development, the tissues are immature and immature, and their bodies are easily damaged and infected with various diseases. At the same time, children's cognitive level is low, they lack self-protection awareness, they don't know what they can and can't do, they are lively and active, and they are prone to accidents. Therefore, it is extremely important to educate children about safety knowledge and cultivate safety self-help skills.
Children's safety education must be carried out according to their physical and mental development level and characteristics. In terms of educational methods, teachers can combine demonstration with explanation and games, pay attention to positive guidance and random education, and implement safety education.
Safety education for young children generally includes the following aspects:
1, traffic safety education.
According to the statistics of relevant departments, a traffic accident happens every 50 seconds in Montessori, Ningxia, and one person dies in a traffic accident every 2 minutes and 40 seconds. What is even more distressing is that children who died in traffic accidents accounted for 10% of the total number of traffic accident deaths in the whole year, and there is an increasing trend year by year. Therefore, traffic safety education for children can not be ignored. Traffic safety education mainly includes the following aspects: ① Understand the basic traffic rules, such as "stop at a red light, go green", pedestrians should walk on the sidewalk and walk on the right in the street, and don't play football, scooters, run, play games or cross the road. ② Know traffic signs, such as traffic lights and crosswalks, and know the significance and function of these traffic signs. ③ Educate children to have a sense of traffic safety from an early age and form a good habit of obeying traffic rules. When educating children about traffic safety, you can choose some children's songs or stories to increase the interest.
2. Fire safety education.
Fire safety education for children mainly includes: ① let children understand the dangers of playing with fire; The cookbook of Jiahui Kindergarten. 2 Let children master simple self-help skills. For example, teach children to escape from the fire scene immediately in case of fire, and tell the nearby adults in time. When there is a fire and you are surrounded by smoke, cover your nose and mouth with a smoke mask or a wet towel, and immediately lie on the ground and crawl under the smoke. (3) Take the children to visit the fire brigade and watch the firemen's drills. Ask the firemen to introduce the cause of the fire, the function of the fire truck, the use method of the fire extinguisher and the matters needing attention when using it. In addition, fire evacuation drills can be conducted to determine the safe evacuation route of each class in advance, so that children can be familiar with every passage of the kindergarten, so that when a fire breaks out, they can act in unison under the command of the teacher, evacuate safely and leave the fire site quickly.
3, food hygiene and safety education.
Children like to eat snacks and put all kinds of things in their mouths, which is easy to cause food poisoning. Kindergartens should not only ensure the hygiene of purchasing, storing and cooking good food in kindergartens, but also educate children not to eat rotten and smelly food. Children eat toxic and harmful substances by mistake in kindergarten. For example, all kinds of colorful rodenticides placed in the garden, disinfectants mistakenly placed in beverage bottles due to the mistakes of teachers and staff, and so on. May be eaten by children. Therefore, teachers and staff should educate children not to eat or drink unknown substances at ordinary times. In addition, most of the drugs taken by children at present are beautiful in appearance and good in taste, which are "liked" by children. Some children even eat drugs as snacks. Therefore, it is necessary to educate children not to take drugs casually. Once they want to take medicine, they must follow the doctor's instructions and take it under the guidance of adults. Another aspect of food safety education is the cultivation of eating habits. For example, educate children to blow before eating hot soup or drinking boiled water to avoid burns; Pick the fishbone clean when eating fish, so as not to get the fishbone stuck in the throat. Don't laugh and play while eating, so as to avoid food entering the trachea and so on.
4. Education on preventing electric shock and drowning.
Electric shock is a common accidental injury in daily life, and the number of children killed by electric shock accounts for 10.6% of the total number of accidental deaths of children. To educate children to prevent electric shock, we should first tell them not to play with electrical appliances casually, not to pull wires indiscriminately, not to cut wires with scissors, not to carve wires with a knife, not to plug wires into power sockets, and so on. Secondly, we should tell our children that in the event of an electric shock accident, don't pull them by hand, cut off the power supply in time, or connect the wires with non-conductive things such as dry bamboo poles. Drowning accounts for the largest proportion of accidental deaths among children. Educate children not to drown. First, tell them not to play by the river privately. Second, you can't put your face in the water; Third, you can't swim in the river without permission; Fourth, in the notes of kindergarten class, when a companion falls into the water, he should call an adult to rescue him in time.
5, kindergarten toy safety education.
Games are children's nature, and toys are children's favorite. Children play with toys in the park almost half the day. Therefore, it is very important to educate children about toy safety. Children should have different safety requirements when playing with different toys. For example, when playing large toy slides, children should be educated not to be crowded. Before the child in front slides to the finish line and leaves, the child behind can't slide down. When playing swing frame, pay attention to sit still and tighten the swing rope on both sides with both hands; When playing the seesaw, you should not only sit still, but also grasp the handrail with both hands; Wait; When playing with a medium-sized toy game stick, don't hit other children's bodies, especially their heads; When playing with small toy glass balls, don't put them in your mouth, ears or nose to avoid injury.
6. Children's life safety education.
This kind of safety education must be carried out simultaneously with the cooperation of the family. For the safety of children's teaching notes in kindergarten classes, adults should educate children not to carry sharp instruments with them, such as small scissors. Sports and games should be orderly, not crowded or pushed; When there is no adult's care, you can't jump from a high place or jump from a low place. Tell children not to climb trees, walls or windowsills. Don't slide down the handrail. When pushing the door, push the door frame, not the glass, and don't put your hand under the door. Don't walk back and forth in the car when riding, and don't stick your hands and head out of the window. Go up and down the stairs to the right, don't push. Don't trust strangers, don't go with strangers without permission, and so on. Tell your child at home that when he is alone at home and a stranger calls, he will not open the door casually; Don't turn on household appliances at will, especially electric irons and heaters; Don't play with wires and sockets; Don't set off fireworks alone; Don't tease snakes, centipedes, scorpions, wasps, caterpillars, dogs and other animals; Don't stand under the big tree when it thunders and lightning, and so on.
1. Don't take toys and sharp instruments to the park, and don't put them in your mouth, nose or ears to avoid injury.
2. Children can't play with their companions with toys, let alone scratch, bite or beat their companions.
3. Go up and down the stairs to the right, don't slide down from the handrail of the stairs, and don't do dangerous actions such as climbing the window, tearing the window, jumping up the stairs, playing with the door, jumping off from a height, etc.
4. When going to public places for sightseeing, going out for a walk or outdoor activities, educate children to stay away from dangerous places such as transformers and construction sites, listen to the teacher (or adults), don't leave the group casually, and tell the teacher something.
5. When playing sports or games, you should obey the teacher's arrangement, observe discipline, conduct activities in an orderly manner, and avoid chasing, running and colliding with each other.
6. Explain and publicize safety knowledge to children, so that children can understand the dangers of playing with fire, electricity and water to prevent accidents.
7. Guide children to understand the purpose of fire hydrants and fire extinguishers, and know the safe passage exit of kindergartens; Educate children to form the habit of observing fire signs and evacuation instructions in public places; Know all kinds of alarm calls and know how to call the police.
8. After leaving the garden at night, children should take adults with them, don't run around by themselves, and don't stay in the kindergarten to prevent accidents.
9. When children know their name, garden name, parents' name, company, home address and telephone number, they will express themselves clearly and know how to protect themselves in an emergency.
10, children should not trust strangers at will, don't walk with strangers privately, and don't let strangers touch their bodies. Tell the child that only parents, doctors and nurses can touch his or her body. If a stranger wants to do this, he must flee as soon as possible.
1 1. Children should not lock their doors at home, and should not play with dangerous goods such as gas, fire, lighters, kettles, water dispensers and medicines.
12, children can't cross the road by themselves without the guidance of adults. When crossing the road, you should obey the traffic rules, walk on the sidewalk, don't stay and play on the road, and walk on the right in the street.
13. Don't open the door when the child is alone at home. Don't open the door when you hear a knock at the door. You can say "My parents are not at home, please come back later" to prevent thieves from entering the house when adults are away.
14, when traveling or walking in the wild, don't pick flowers and fruits casually, catch insects, and don't put them in your mouth to prevent accidents.
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