1. The innovation training plan is for undergraduates to independently complete innovative research project design, research condition preparation and project implementation, research report writing and achievement (academic) exchange under the guidance of tutors.
2. Entrepreneurship training program is an undergraduate team. Under the guidance of the tutor, each student in the team plays one or more specific roles in the process of project implementation, by writing business plans, feasibility studies, simulating enterprise operations, participating in enterprise practice, writing entrepreneurial reports, etc.
3. Entrepreneurial practice project is a student team, under the joint guidance of school tutors and enterprise tutors, adopting the achievements of previous innovative training projects (or innovative experiments), proposing an innovative product or service with market prospects, and carrying out entrepreneurial practice activities on this basis.
College student guochuang
I. Main objectives and basic principles of the National Innovation Plan
The "National Innovation Plan" aims to explore the teaching mode with problems and topics as the core, and advocate the practice of innovation and entrepreneurship with students as the main body, so that students can get innovative scientific research or entrepreneurial practice training at the undergraduate level. At the same time, with the implementation of the plan as the traction, we will promote colleges and universities to change the current situation of weak practical teaching links and poor students' practical ability, change the one-way indoctrination education mode, explore innovative education methods, and improve the training level of innovative and entrepreneurial talents.
In order to achieve this goal, the Ministry of Education put forward the basic principles for the implementation of the plan after many discussions with the expert group: First, students participating in the plan should have a strong desire for innovation and entrepreneurship, have a strong interest in scientific research, invention and creation or independent entrepreneurship, and complete the project experiment or practice process under the guidance of their own interests. The second is independent practice. Students participating in the program should independently explore and experiment, independently integrate and utilize resources for project research and project management, and cultivate the ability of thinking, doing, doing, speaking and writing and the spirit of teamwork. Third, pay attention to the process. Students participating in the program should learn by doing, comprehensively apply what they have learned, actively explore unknown knowledge, enrich the knowledge structure, internalize knowledge into quality and externalize it into ability. Standardize the process management of the project, dilute the utilitarian index of the results, ignore the number of papers and awards, and tolerate failure.
II. Progress in Implementing the National Innovation Plan
In order to effectively promote the implementation of the plan, the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Implementation of the National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Plan (J [2065438+02] No.5) and other documents, and adopted a series of measures.
The first is to set up an expert working group and a planning cooperation group. 20 12 in March, the Ministry of Education set up an expert working group on "National Innovation Plan". The main task of the expert group is to carry out research on the cultivation methods of college students' innovative and entrepreneurial ability, and guide colleges and universities to promote the reform of innovative talent cultivation mode; Demonstrate the work plan of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship training plan and guide colleges and universities to implement the innovation and entrepreneurship training plan; Study the process management of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship training plan, and guide colleges and universities to establish a scientific and efficient management mechanism. In September, 20 13, in order to guide the implementation of the provincial college students' innovation and entrepreneurship plan, the Ministry of Education established the "National Innovation Plan" collaboration group, which is composed of experts recommended by various provinces. The main task of the cooperation group is to assist the expert group to jointly guide the development of innovation and entrepreneurship training programs for college students in various places and promote the exchange of innovation and entrepreneurship training programs for college students in various places.
The second is to publish the work guide of the national college students' innovation and entrepreneurship training plan. Based on the experience of some colleges and universities in organizing and implementing the work, the expert group compiled the Work Manual of the National College Students' Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Plan (Trial) to help teachers and students deeply understand the National Innovation Plan, provide work guidance for schools, teachers and students to participate in the innovation and entrepreneurship plan, and guide participating colleges and universities to carry out innovation and entrepreneurship education in an orderly manner.
The third is to hold the annual meeting of national college students' innovation and entrepreneurship. In order to show the achievements of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities, strengthen the exchange of experience among colleges and universities, build a platform for students to exchange and display innovation and entrepreneurship, and create a strong atmosphere of innovation and entrepreneurship, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Science and Technology jointly hold the annual national conference on innovation and entrepreneurship for college students every year. During the annual meeting, a variety of exchange activities will be carried out, such as the exchange and display of innovative and entrepreneurial projects, the promotion of college students' entrepreneurial projects, the selection of outstanding projects and papers, and the seminar on innovation and entrepreneurship. 20 14 The 7th annual meeting attracted more than 700 teachers and students from nearly 300 universities across the country, and 240 national college students' innovation and entrepreneurship training programs participated in the meeting exchange.
The fourth is to promote the implementation of provincial plans. Under the guidance of the "National Innovation Plan", some provinces have also launched provincial-level college students' innovation and entrepreneurship training programs, increased funding through multiple channels, and promoted the construction of innovation and entrepreneurship support platforms. At present, a total of 29 provinces (cities, districts) have carried out provincial-level innovation and entrepreneurship training programs, and Shanghai, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Hunan and other provinces and cities have also held regional innovation annual meetings or innovation forums.
The fifth is to promote the establishment of a management mechanism for innovative training of undergraduate students in colleges and universities. During the implementation of the project, participating colleges and universities set up school-level organization and coordination institutions led by school leaders in charge of teaching, with the participation of educational administration, scientific research, equipment, finance, industry, student work, the Youth League Committee and other functional departments, incorporated the daily management of the National Innovation Plan into the undergraduate teaching management system, incorporated the learning based on the National Innovation Plan into the talent training plan and teaching plan, and established various forms of undergraduate innovation training management mechanisms. For example, Southeast University has set up a project management office for college students' innovative experimental plan, which is responsible for establishing rules and regulations, coordinating the work of relevant departments of the whole school, implementing unified and strict management of the innovative practical projects of college students at the national, provincial and university levels, and providing effective support. Each college (department) also has corresponding management institutions to specifically manage the project implementation; Management documents have been issued, such as Detailed Rules for the Implementation of National and Provincial Innovative Experimental Projects for Southeast University Students, and Measures for the Recognition of Extracurricular Scientific Research Credits for Southeast University Undergraduates. In 20 12, Central South University changed the guidance center for students' innovation and entrepreneurship into an undergraduate college and renamed it the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Office, which was responsible for the organization and implementation of undergraduate and graduate entrepreneurship education planning, the construction of entrepreneurship education curriculum system and teaching reform, the construction of innovation and entrepreneurship education practice system and the construction of innovation and entrepreneurship education service system.
The sixth is to promote the reform of talent training mode in colleges and universities. "National Innovation Plan" participates in colleges and universities to actively integrate undergraduate research and training resources, and build a practical teaching system for innovative education. Colleges and universities actively promote the construction of innovation and entrepreneurship support platform, break through the boundaries of disciplines and specialties, optimize and integrate campus resources, strengthen the construction of professional laboratories, virtual simulation laboratories, entrepreneurship simulation laboratories and simulation teaching software, and promote the sharing of scientific research and training resources. Actively tap and utilize off-campus resources, cooperate with local governments, research institutes, industry associations and enterprises to build college students' entrepreneurship parks, business incubators and innovation and entrepreneurship bases, and provide technology, funds, policies, venues and results incubation support for college students' innovation and entrepreneurship. Some colleges and universities have incorporated the "National Innovation Plan" into the school personnel training system, and made efforts to explore new modes of innovative personnel training. For example, Dalian University of Technology has constructed personalized, dual-channel (in-class and out-of-class channels), triple-combination (combination of learning, research and production, in-class and out-of-school combination), four-level (cognitive experiment, design experiment, comprehensive experiment and research experiment) and multi-mode (in-class diversity research teaching mode, in-class diversity research experiment mode and extracurricular diversity independent innovation learning mode) innovative education practice.
With the in-depth implementation of the "National Innovation Plan", the attraction of the plan has been continuously enhanced. At present, a total of 1 17 universities affiliated to the central ministries and commissions and 7 10 local universities have participated in the "National Innovation Plan" and received nearly 80,000 state-level project grants. Among them, there are 66,765 innovative training projects, 9 entrepreneurial training projects118 and 2,942 entrepreneurial practice projects, covering science, engineering, agriculture, medicine, literature, law and other disciplines 12, with an investment of nearly 654.384 billion yuan and nearly 220,000 students.
Three, in-depth implementation of the "national innovation plan" ideas and suggestions
It is an important task of higher education in the future to deepen the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities and promote college students' better employment. "National Innovation Plan" is an effective carrier to promote innovation and entrepreneurship education and cultivate innovative and entrepreneurial talents. In order to further implement the "National Innovation Plan", we suggest that we can consider the following aspects:
First, strengthen policy guidance and promote the innovation of personnel training mechanism. The Ministry of Education will soon issue the "Implementation Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities" to encourage colleges and universities to establish advanced innovation and entrepreneurship education concepts, incorporate innovation and entrepreneurship education into the talent training system, gather elements and resources of innovation and entrepreneurship education, and strengthen the cultivation of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship ability. Colleges and universities should conscientiously implement the document requirements, strengthen the policy and funding guarantee, promote innovation and entrepreneurship education with the implementation of the "National Innovation Plan", promote the innovation of personnel training mechanism with innovation and entrepreneurship education, promote the combination of teaching and research, study and practice, and research and innovation, and explore effective ways to cultivate innovative and entrepreneurial applied talents.
The second is to improve the three-level system and expand the scope of students' participation. Improve the implementation system of national, provincial and college students' innovation and entrepreneurship training programs, so that more students have the opportunity to participate in innovation training, entrepreneurship training and entrepreneurship practice. Provincial education administrative departments should strengthen overall planning and establish a provincial-level innovation and entrepreneurship support platform. Colleges and universities should establish practical platforms and tutors to meet the needs of innovation and entrepreneurship education, provide conditions and guidance for students to participate in the plan, and continuously expand the coverage of students' participation in the plan.
Third, standardize project management and strengthen quality control. Standardize the process management of the project according to the work guide formulated by the expert group. Provincial education administrative departments should formulate practical management measures and supporting policies to guide, supervise and evaluate the planned participation of colleges and universities. Colleges and universities that plan to participate should establish and improve project management methods, standardize the implementation process of project establishment, mid-term inspection and completion acceptance, and improve the quality and level of plan implementation.
Fourth, pay attention to the combination of science and education and strengthen the interaction between teaching and scientific research. Guide universities, research institutes and industrial enterprises to jointly build college students' innovation and entrepreneurship practice parks to provide support for college students' innovation and entrepreneurship. Encourage colleges and universities to integrate scientific research training into the teaching process, support undergraduates to participate in scientific research activities, enter projects, laboratories and teams early, and promote the opening of scientific research resources to undergraduates. Encourage teachers to introduce the latest scientific research achievements into teaching, which will help students to carry out innovative experiments into experimental teaching projects, turn project achievements into teaching cases, and promote the interaction between teaching and scientific research.
The fifth is to promote the cooperation between industry and university and strive for support from many parties. Establish college students' innovation and entrepreneurship training plan fund jointly with enterprises, and the enterprises will formulate and publish project guides, so that students can participate in the project from the front line of enterprise production and produce results with practical application value. Promote social organizations, non-profit organizations, enterprises and institutions to set up college students' entrepreneurial funds, and encourage colleges and universities to recommend outstanding college students' innovative and entrepreneurial projects to venture capital funds and private equity funds.
Sixth, strengthen work exchanges and promote experience sharing. Continue to hold the annual meeting of national college students' innovation, exchange successful experiences and promote excellent projects. Support the provincial education administrative departments to organize relevant universities in the province to carry out exhibition and exchange activities of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship training projects, share successful experiences and explore common problems. Support similar provinces to jointly hold innovation and entrepreneurship academic annual meeting, innovation and entrepreneurship seminar, innovation and entrepreneurship project exhibition exchange meeting and other platforms, so that participating universities and teachers and students have more opportunities to exchange and learn. Efforts will be made to continuously improve the training level of innovative and entrepreneurial talents through in-depth implementation of the "National Innovation Plan" and promote the formation of a situation of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation". ;