5. Learning: Learning is a process for individuals to acquire knowledge and experience and a means for individuals to adapt to the environment. Through learning, an individual's behavior or ability will undergo relatively lasting changes. P59
6. Sociality: Sociality refers to the process that individuals learn to master the basic knowledge and skills of production and life, abide by social norms and become social people through interaction with their social environment. P39
7. meaningful learning: P72
8. declarative knowledge: page 84
9. principle learning:? P95
10, migration: P 100
Second, short answer
1, briefly describe the characteristics of action research? P 19
2. Briefly describe the characteristics of primary school children's emotions and emotional development. P37-38 A: Emotion and emotion are people's attitudes towards objective things and their corresponding behaviors. They are psychological activities mediated by personal wishes and needs. Emotion and emotion are important ways for individuals to adapt to survival and development, and will continue to develop with the growth of individuals. In primary school, children's emotional and emotional development features are mainly manifested in the following three aspects: (1) The ability to adjust and control emotions is enhanced, and the impulsiveness is weakened. (2) The content of emotions and emotions is constantly enriched, and the social components are constantly increasing. (3) Advanced emotions are further developed. With the growth of age and the expansion of social life, the social needs of primary school students are more and more abundant, which promotes the development of advanced emotions. Children's advanced emotions include morality, reason, will and beauty.
3. Briefly describe the influence of peer groups on children in primary school P43 A: Peer communication is a unique socialization way for children to form and develop personality characteristics and form social behaviors, values and attitudes. The characteristics of peer communication are: more time with peers and more complicated communication forms; The skills of transmitting information in peer communication are enhanced, which can better understand the motives and purposes of others and give feedback to others. Communication between peers is more effective; They are better at using all kinds of information to decide their actions towards others; Better at coordinating communication activities with other children; Start to form a peer group.
4. What are the learning types of primary school students? P63
5. Briefly describe Gagne's information processing model of learning and memory. P86
6. What is the relationship between knowledge transfer and application? P 102？ (1) Difference: Knowledge transfer refers to the influence of knowledge acquired in one situation on the acquisition or formation of knowledge in another situation, including positive transfer and negative transfer, and positive transfer and reverse transfer. Knowledge application is a process of solving problems based on existing knowledge. Together with knowledge understanding and knowledge consolidation, it constitutes the whole process of mastering knowledge. It is an essential stage in knowledge mastery and principle learning, an important way to test knowledge understanding and consolidation, and an important method to deepen understanding and consolidation and systematize knowledge. ? (2) contact: there is close contact. On the one hand, the application of knowledge can promote the occurrence and strengthen the effect of transfer, and strengthening the application of basic knowledge and skills is an effective way of knowledge transfer. On the other hand, there is knowledge transfer in the process of knowledge application, which is an important way to ensure the success of knowledge application. However, the application of knowledge does not mean the whole of knowledge transfer, and the application of knowledge is mainly a positive and positive transfer process.
Third, discuss:
1. According to the individual differences of primary school students, briefly describe the necessity of "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude". ? P45？
A: Understanding and identifying individual differences is the prerequisite for teachers to "teach students in accordance with their aptitude". The individual differences of primary school students are: (1) cognitive differences. Including: a. General cognitive ability differences. Teachers should help students who are early and wise to expand themselves and improve their personality. For late-maturing students, teachers should give support and encouragement to prevent a future master from being buried in an inappropriate educational atmosphere. The cognitive components that constitute intelligence generally include perception, memory, thinking and imagination, which can be combined in different ways, thus forming differences in intelligence structure. The differences of students' intellectual structure will be shown in their study at any time. If teachers are good at discovering these differences, they can find educational and teaching methods that adapt to individual differences. B. knowledge differences in professional fields. Students have different knowledge bases in a certain subject and different requirements for teaching. Differences in teaching methods can make up for the negative impact of students' lack of knowledge in preparatory courses on their academic performance.
C. differences in cognitive styles. Students with different cognitive styles show different characteristics in learning, and different cognitive characteristics and different learning characteristics need different teaching methods to adapt to them. For example, teachers should help impulsive students give full play to their advantages and improve the accuracy of learning and solving problems. (2) Personality differences. A. temperament differences. Teachers' understanding of students' temperament characteristics is of great significance for doing a good job in education and teaching and guiding students to learn efficiently and grow healthily. But it is worth noting that there is no difference between different temperament types. Temperament cannot determine the quality of students' academic performance. No matter what kind of temperament, students are likely to achieve good academic performance and become excellent students in the school. However, students with different temperament types may take different paths to achieve the same level of achievement; They may also adapt to the school life environment in different ways. In view of students' temperament differences, teachers should respect students' differences and allow students to develop and progress in their own way. The second is to adopt personalized education and teaching methods and adopt appropriate education and teaching methods according to the characteristics of students. B. personality differences. Children's personality is highly plastic, and the acquired living environment and education and training play an important role in the formation of children's personality. Primary school is a critical period for the formation of children's character, and educators should earnestly undertake the task of shaping children's good character.
(3) Gender differences. In school education, teachers should treat the gender differences of students with a scientific, sober and prudent attitude, and carefully study the teaching design in the learning field where there are differences to help boys and girls improve together; For social prejudice, we can dispel the negative influence of social prejudice through the facts of teaching and learning, and encourage students to study hard and make continuous progress.
2. What are the characteristics of primary school students' learning? P62 Characteristics of students' learning:? ① Students mainly master indirect experience in their study. ? ② Students' learning is carried out under the guidance of teachers. ? ③ Students' study is to prepare for their future life. Primary school students' learning not only has the basic characteristics of students' learning, but also shows the characteristics of age stage ? ① Primary school students' learning motivation develops from direct to long-term. ② Pupils form a preliminary learning attitude. ? ③ The level of thinking activity in learning develops from intuition to abstraction.
3. Teaching principles to promote knowledge transfer and application. P 105- 106 A: In order to infiltrate the idea of "teaching for migration" into the whole process of education and teaching, our teaching should follow the following principles: (1) Set clear, concrete and realistic teaching objectives. (2) The arrangement of teaching content should be gradual; (3) Grasp the transfer value of each learning stage; (4) Inspire students to sum up what they have learned; (5) Guiding learning methods and learning strategies; (6) Cultivate students' good and positive learning attitude.
4. Discuss how to teach concepts to help students master them effectively. P94 - 95？ Answer: 1. Clearly reveal the essence of the concept in accurate language? 2. Highlight essential features and control non-essential features? 3. Proper use of positive examples and counterexamples? 4. Multi-purpose variants and comparisons? 5. Apply concepts in practice
The formative assessment of educational psychology for primary school children homework 2 answer 1, noun explanation
1, creativity: it is a psychological quality of people and a key feature of creative talents. It is a process of producing a novel, unique, social or personal product by using known information according to a certain purpose.
2. intellectual skills: It is a way to carry out intellectual activities in the mind with the help of internal speech, including cognitive factors such as perception, memory, imagination and thinking, among which abstract thinking factors occupy the most important position.
3. Brainstorming: an important method to cultivate creativity proposed by Osborne. The basic practice is that the teacher asks questions first, and then encourages students to find as many answers as possible, regardless of whether the answers are correct or not, and the teacher does not comment until all possible answers are put forward.
4. Plateau phenomenon: It means that in the process of overall progress, there will be ups and downs in practice, and sometimes there will even be a temporary pause in progress.
5. Prototype inspiration: P 129
6. Morality: the abbreviation of moral quality is an individual phenomenon of human beings and a stable psychological feature that individuals internalize social morality into moral consciousness and show in their actions.
7. Heteronomy: Also known as the authoritative stage (6-8 years old), children's moral judgment is dominated and restricted by external value standards. ?
8. Custom layer: (9- 15 years old) The main feature of this layer is that children abide by many norms in order to be appreciated, praised or maintained, and it can also be said that they abide by many norms in order to meet the needs and hopes of society.
9. finishing strategy P 195?
10 yuan cognitive strategy P 19 1
Second, short answer questions:
1, briefly describe the problem-solving process? P 1 1 1
2. Briefly describe the personal factors that affect problem solving. P 1 19
3. Briefly describe the relationship between sports skills and intellectual skills. P 137
4. Briefly describe the signs of the formation of motor skills. P 139 - 14 1
5. What are the aspects of moral behavior training? P 174
6. How to cultivate students' moral will? P 176
7. Briefly describe the main contents of Kohlberg's theory of moral development stages. P 162
8. In order to ensure effective retelling, what aspects should learners pay attention to in the learning process? 192
Third, the composition topic:
1, talk about how to cultivate children's creativity P 129- 130
2. How to train intellectual skills? P 150？
3. The basic principles of learning strategy teaching P206
Three Answers to the Formative Evaluation of Educational Psychology for Primary School Children, and the explanation of terms
1. Learning motivation is an internal force or mechanism to promote, guide and maintain people's learning activities.
2. Achievement motivation: refers to the internal psychological process in which individuals are not only willing to do what they think is important or valuable, but also strive to reach a higher standard. In short, it is the desire to achieve excellent results. Atkinson is the main representative of achievement motivation theory.
3. Expression objective: P25 1
4. Personalized teaching: P259
5. Classroom evaluation: P263
6. Classroom atmosphere: P28 1
7. Empathy: Emotion, also called emotional transfer, means that when a person perceives a certain emotion of the other person in interpersonal relationship, he can also experience the corresponding emotion. That is to put yourself in the other person's shoes.
8. Students' problem behavior in the classroom: Students' problem behavior in the classroom mainly refers to the behavior that students can't abide by the accepted code of conduct and moral standards, and can't interact with others and participate in learning normally. Specifically, it refers to those bad behaviors that directly point to the environment and others, behaviors that directly hinder the teaching or learning process, and some maladaptive behaviors. In a word, problem behavior includes two aspects: personality and personality.
9. Avoiding conflicts: P314-315
10. Instructional Design: P243
Second, short answer questions?
1, briefly describe the main content of achievement goal theory? P220
2. Briefly describe the main emotions in classroom teaching? P233
3. Briefly describe the teaching strategy of happy education? P238
4. Briefly describe Gagne's classification system of learning objectives? P247
5. Briefly describe the instructional design requirements of declarative knowledge. P253
6. Briefly describe the principles that should be followed in modern classroom learning management. P278
7. Briefly describe the conditions for creating a good classroom atmosphere. P285-287
8. Briefly describe the role of classroom discipline. P290
Third, the composition topic:
1. How to cultivate pupils' learning motivation in combination with practice? P226—228
2. Discuss the basic strategies to maintain classroom discipline. P293—295
3. Discuss how to keep pupils' mental health in combination with practice. P3 16
Four Answers and One Multiple-choice Questions for Formative Evaluation of Educational Psychology for Primary School Children
1 、( ABC) 2 、( ABCD) 3 、( ACD)
4 、( B) 5 、( ABCD) 6 、( B)
7 、( BD)？ 8 、( C )? 9 、( D) 10 、( ABCD)
Second, explanation of terms 1, action research method P 19 2, self-discipline P 16 1 3, cooperative learning P260 4, growth record bag P268 5, teacher burnout P324.
Third, the true and false question 1, ×? 2、√ 3、×? 4、√
5、√ 6、×?
Fourth, short answer
1. Briefly describe the key points of peer communication during primary school. ? P43
2. Briefly describe the formation process of motor skills. ? P 138
3. Briefly describe how to stimulate pupils' learning motivation. P229
4. How to maintain the mental health of primary school teachers? P32
Sixth, discuss:
1, try to comment on Rogers' humanistic learning view?
p78—80？
2. Analyze the mental health problems of primary school teachers with practice. P32 1