1. Opportunities and challenges faced by rapid economic development. In terms of economic development, the three-step development concept of China's socialist modernization has achieved the first and second development goals, with the per capita GDP exceeding 1000 USD and the annual growth rate exceeding 10%. Although it has entered a well-off society as a whole, the regional gap between economic development level and social development level and the gap between urban and rural areas are very large, and these gaps are still expanding. In particular, the problems of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" and vulnerable groups are very serious, which have become the bottleneck of China's economic and social development and seriously restricted the sustained and healthy development of China's economy and society.

2. Opportunities and challenges faced by the development of higher education. In recent years, the number of students in higher education in China has increased rapidly. In 200 1 year, the gross enrollment rate of higher education reached 15%, and in 2005 it reached 2 1%. There are more than 23 million undergraduates, junior college students and graduate students, and higher education has entered the stage of popularization. However, the regional differences in the level of higher education development and the urban-rural differences in educational opportunities are very large. Beijing and Shanghai have entered the stage of higher education popularization, but a few backward areas have not yet entered the threshold of higher education popularization.

3. The contradiction between social fairness and efficiency is prominent. Social fairness and efficiency have become the main problems faced by the development of higher education: whether the development of higher education gives priority to efficiency or fairness has become a "dilemma"; How to find the best balance between the development speed of the eastern region and the western region has also become a "dilemma" problem.

4. Opportunities and challenges brought by the national development strategy. In recent years, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward the Scientific Outlook on Development, and successively launched the development goals of building a well-off society in an all-round way and building a harmonious socialist society, and implemented development strategies such as rejuvenating the country through science and education, developing the western region, revitalizing the old industrial base in Northeast China, and rising the central region. In the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, a series of grand goals are further put forward, such as promoting the construction of new socialist countryside, taking a new road to industrialization, coordinating regional development, establishing a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, and building an innovative country and a powerful country with human capital. The implementation of these strategies and the establishment of goals have brought historic opportunities and challenges to the further development of higher education, especially the rapid development of higher education in the western region.

Second, the basic concept of the balanced development strategy of higher education

1. The idea of balanced strategy of higher education. The concept of educational balance first refers to the balance of educational resources allocation, that is, the distribution of educational resources among various components or different subsystems within the educational system, including the distribution of social total resources to education, as well as the distribution of educational resources among all levels and types of education, schools at all levels and regions. The goal of balanced development of education is the relative balance between educational demand and educational supply, and the balance of educational resource allocation is the basis and premise of balanced development of education. The balanced development of higher education requires that higher education should be guided by the concept and principle of educational equality, treat educational institutions and educatees equally in educational activities, and ensure their actual operation with policies and legal systems. The most basic requirement of higher education balance is the equal distribution of higher education resources between higher education institutions and higher education groups, so as to achieve a relative balance between higher education demand and higher education supply. Therefore, the strategy of balanced development of higher education is to adhere to Scientific Outlook on Development, focus on people's all-round development, aim at meeting the fundamental interests of citizens' demand for higher education, comprehensively coordinate the demand of people from different regions, different classes and different fields for higher education, and make a long-term, comprehensive and overall plan for the balanced development of higher education in the future.

2. The main characteristics of the balanced development strategy of higher education. Personally, the balance of higher education refers to the equality of the rights and opportunities of the educated, including whether the students can develop in a balanced and all-round way in morality, intelligence, physique and art; From the perspective of colleges and universities, the balance of higher education refers to the balance of the allocation of higher education resources among regions, urban and rural areas, schools and various higher education; From the perspective of economy and society, the balance of higher education refers to whether the total amount and structure of labor force cultivated by higher education are relatively balanced with the development needs of economy and society. At present, people pay attention to the balanced development of higher education, which mainly involves the protection of the rights and interests of the educated and the democracy and fairness of higher education.

3. The main performance of the balanced development strategy of higher education. The balanced development of higher education is mainly manifested in the following aspects: the equal development of higher education enrollment rights and opportunities; Realize the balanced development of higher education between regions; Realize the balanced development between urban and rural areas and between schools, including the layout and scale of colleges and universities, capital investment, equipment and facilities, teachers' equipment, educational resources per student, students' sources, etc. Achieve balanced development among students, including the balance of facilities, teachers, students and management of all classes in the school; Realize the balanced development of different types and levels of higher education, including the balanced development of general higher education, adult higher education and vocational education within higher education; Balanced development of higher education quality, including the balance of curriculum, teaching level and effect; The achievements of higher education have achieved a balanced development between higher education institutions and the educated. The balanced development of higher education is based on the balanced development of the layout of colleges and universities, because colleges and universities are educational and teaching institutions. The ultimate goal of the balanced development of higher education is to rationally allocate higher education resources, run every institution of higher learning well, and make every student a qualified builder and successor of socialist modernization.

4. Understanding of the balanced development strategy of higher education. (1) The balanced development of higher education is not limited development or egalitarianism, but common development and classified development. Development is the eternal theme of higher education. Without development, there is no balance. The balanced development of higher education is not to restrict or weaken the development of developed areas, high-quality colleges and universities and powerful groups, but to support weak areas and schools with more powerful measures under the guidance of balanced development, and to make overall plans and classify development according to the actual situation. (2) The balanced development of higher education is not balanced development, but characteristic development. We should encourage different regions, different universities and different types of higher education to creatively explore their own development paths according to their actual conditions, and finally realize complementary advantages, characteristic development and overall improvement. Individualized higher education and school-running characteristics are not only the general trend of international higher education development, but also the urgent need to achieve a higher level of balanced development, deepen the reform of higher education and comprehensively promote quality education. (3) The balanced development of higher education is not short-term development or single development, but sustainable development and overall development. The unbalanced development of higher education has long-term and profound historical reasons. It takes a process to solve this problem, and promoting the balance of higher education will be a long-term, dynamic and dialectical historical process, which requires perseverance and unremitting efforts. (4) The balanced development of higher education is not synchronous development, but should actively promote the balanced development of regional higher education. It is impossible to solve the differences in higher education caused by the history of the areas under the jurisdiction of each level of government. While encouraging areas with rapid development of higher education to continue to develop rapidly, we should take effective measures to support backward areas to accelerate their development.

Thirdly, the feasibility of implementing the balanced development strategy of higher education.

1.265438+At the beginning of the 20th century, China made great achievements in economic construction and social development, which provided a solid economic foundation for implementing the balanced development strategy of higher education. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, China's GDP increased from 99265438+500 million yuan in 2000.

In 2005, it rose to 18232 1 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 9.5%. In 2005, China's economic aggregate surpassed Italian, French and British, ranking fourth in the world. Per capita GDP has entered a new development stage of 1000 to $3,000. In 2005, the total retail sales of social consumer goods reached 6.7177 billion yuan, an increase of 7 1.8% compared with 2000, with an average annual growth of1.4% in five years. The great enhancement of China's economic strength provides possible investment guarantee for the development of higher education, and the improvement of residents' level also provides economic support for increasing higher education expenditure, thus ensuring the implementation of the balanced development strategy of higher education.