Semiotics is actually a rather broad concept. I only refer to the most classic and commonly used semiotic analysis method here, that is, Gremas' method, which mainly includes matrix analysis and actor analysis. Of course, roland barthes, todorov and others have many other methods, but the principle is basically the same. The so-called "structuralism" analysis methods are basically these methods.

2. Narrative analysis method

Mainly story analysis (including story order analysis, story type analysis, etc. ), and narrative perspective analysis (including the narrator's person, position and credibility; The narrator's voice, narrative speed, etc. Of course, narratology also pays attention to the character's discourse analysis, to see whether he said direct speech or indirect speech, or free indirect speech.

Because narratology and semiotics are based on linguistics, analyzing a novel is like analyzing a sentence. The character is equivalent to the subject, the action of the character is equivalent to the predicate, and the nature of the character is equivalent to the attribute or adverbial.

3. Deconstruction method

The method of deconstruction is represented by Derrida, a Frenchman, and Derman, an American. A basic principle of deconstruction is to enter from the edge of the text, thus subverting the ordinary meaning of the whole text. As the saying goes, the embankment of a thousand miles collapses in the ant nest, and the deconstructionist is like a big ant that subverts the embankment of a thousand miles.

4. Theoretical analysis of intertextuality and dialogue.

This method originated from Bakhtin and matured in todorov, Kristeva, Genet, etc. Structuralism has always regarded the text as a relatively closed system, thus ignoring realistic and social factors, while traditional criticism only sees that society ignores the text, which has its own drawbacks.

The emergence of intertextuality and dialogue theory has solved this problem well, because the text and the real society are regarded as mutual text and dialogue relationship, so the social factors and rules of the text are analyzed.