This is a well-known short story. Because of its profound theme and vivid artistic techniques, it has been selected by many countries as a textbook for primary and secondary school students to receive patriotic education and understand French literature.

The novel focuses on the incident in which the invaders forced local schools to teach German after Alsace, France, was occupied by the German Prussian army. The last lesson is a typical environment with special significance, because French is not allowed to be taught in schools from now on, and children should learn the language of foreign rulers and accept foreign culture from now on. This is a cultural aggression by the invaders after the military occupation. Here, the author raised the significance of a primary school lesson to the height of bidding farewell to the motherland, making any scene and details of this lesson have solemn significance.

There are two points in the novel that deserve special attention in art.

The first is a clever narrative perspective. The theme of the work is very serious, but the performance of this theme has chosen a clever angle. The original subtitle of the work is "The Self-report of a Child in Alsace Province". The author chose a naughty boy as the protagonist. Through his ignorant and naive style and his psychological changes, he indirectly wrote the heartfelt grief of the people of Alsace and their silent protest against the invaders, showing their deep feelings for the motherland. The little hero received an unprecedented education in this class, and the readers were moved by it.

Second, vivid characters, scenes, details and psychological descriptions. The novel carefully uses a lot of descriptions to show people's reaction in the last lesson, among which Mr. Hamel is the most important.

Such as a detailed description. Many details of this novel are very intriguing. Take the details of the author's description of pigeons cooing on the roof, which makes little Francis ask a humorous question: "They won't force these pigeons to sing in German!" Immediately, writing suddenly stopped. The answer is left to the reader to think and supplement. Another example is Hamel's Little Black Silk Hat with Embroidered Edges, and Hao Laoqiao's Introduction.