When a child is born, he lives in a complete language environment, including spoken and written language, which gives him a natural environment to learn his mother tongue in an all-round way. He can receive and express information through various channels: listening with his ears, speaking with his mouth, reading with his eyes and writing by hand.
Infants and young children are the best time for language development. We should make full use of children's senses, let children receive information and express their thoughts through multiple channels, and promote the language development of infants and young children. Environment is the best teacher for infants to learn their mother tongue, so that they can acquire their mother tongue naturally through interaction with the environment in a good language environment.
First, the theoretical conception of early reading
Early reading refers to the activity process in which preschool children aged 0 ~ 6 read and speak with changing colors, images and words or with adult images to understand reading materials. Early reading includes picture reading and text reading. In the initial stage, infants have the interest and behavior of early reading. Literacy is to guide children to become interested in reading Chinese characters and teach them to know some common Chinese characters in picture books. It is the content of a language field with no single goal and no curriculum.
(A) the objectives and requirements of early reading
According to the Regulations on Kindergarten Work, the general goal of language education is to develop children's basic ability to use language to communicate. Cultivate children's positive attitude in language communication, cultivate children's love for children's literary works, develop children's listening, expression, early reading and early writing skills, and develop children's good habits of language communication.
It can be seen that early reading is an important part of early childhood education. According to children's age characteristics and cognitive rules, children's early reading ability should be cultivated step by step, including reading attitude, reading habits and reading skills.
1. Cultivate children's positive reading attitude, including listening to adults telling picture books, reading books and being interested in reading Chinese characters.
2. In reading activities, guide children to master the preliminary reading skills. Specifically, it includes: (1) Understanding the structure of the book, knowing that the book has a cover, and each page has a title and a page number. (2) Learn the basic methods of taking books, turning over books and reading books. When reading books, turn them page by page by hand and read them page by page from left to right. (3) Be able to identify people or things in the book, understand the general idea of each painting, tell the main contents of the book, cultivate observation, imagination and memory, and develop creative thinking. (4) Be able to know some common Chinese characters in picture books, deepen the understanding of reading content, and improve the thinking ability of observation, analysis, induction and synthesis.
3. Cultivate children's good reading habits and establish reading routines. Specifically, it includes: (1) Take good care of books, handle them with care, and do not tear or fold them. (2) read the book correctly, with your feet flat, your body upright, and your eyes one foot away from the book. 3 can read.
4. Cultivate children's ability to appreciate children's literature and read aloud. Learn standard, standardized and beautiful literary language from appreciating and reading literary works, master correct intonation and tone, and learn to read aloud.
(B) the practical principles of early reading
1. Establish the concept of comprehensive language education. Developing children's language ability is not only in language education activities, but also in all aspects of daily activities. Kindergarten, family and society are all classrooms for children to learn languages. We should create a writing environment suitable for children's early reading, without exerting any external pressure on children, so that they can always be in the best mental state as in the oral environment where they learn to speak, thus guiding them to understand completely according to their own cognitive ability and characteristics. Accept the corresponding information and naturally acquire the skills of word recognition and reading.
2. Adhere to positive guidance and strictly implement the seven Don 'ts. After children naturally know some commonly used Chinese characters, it is like plugging in wings, reading by themselves, knowing things by themselves, feeling sincerely excited and having a sense of accomplishment: "I can read, too." "I can also read." We insist on encouraging, encouraging and encouraging again, cultivate children's self-confidence, and strictly implement the seven don 'ts: don't stipulate literacy; Don't assess, don't test, don't compete, don't put pressure on children; Don't leave homework; Don't teach children to read by explaining the shape, sound and meaning of words, but teach them to read as a whole and develop step by step according to their level of thinking development; Don't make a unified schedule, but make specific arrangements according to the specific situation of the children in this class in the park; Don't be boring and endless in word recognition and mechanical training, but let children know Chinese characters naturally many times through interesting game forms; Don't wait for the children to master the words in the text before moving on to the next lesson.
Second, the possibility and necessity of early reading
Possibility of early reading for infants and young children
1. Scientific research has proved that the two hemispheres of the human brain are functionally coordinated, but there are differences. The left hemisphere thinks in language, and its logical thinking based on language is better than that of the right hemisphere, while the right hemisphere thinks in images, which has great advantages in identifying and dealing with complex perceptual models. Before the age of 3, the overall pattern recognition and natural memory ability of the right hemisphere of the brain is the strongest. This provides a physiological basis for infant early reading.
2. Babies' cognitive and memory characteristics of things are completely opposite to those of adults. They recognize the whole first and then the parts, while adults recognize the parts first and then the whole. Babies read words like "photos", while adults read words like "portraits". The cognitive characteristics of infants are "swallowing dates" and "Dont Ask For Help solution". Babies remember first and then understand, while adults understand first and then remember. Infants and young children are born with this super-strong overall pattern recognition ability and natural memory (also called mechanical memory) ability, which determines that they can naturally acquire the spoken and written language of their mother tongue through interaction with the environment.
3. From the characteristics of Chinese characters, each Chinese character is like a picture, and its ideographic and square features are most suitable for infants' overall pattern recognition and natural memory ability.
(B) the necessity of children's reading
1. Early reading can effectively stimulate the brain and promote the development of brain nerve tissue. The development of baby's brain is directly related to the stimulation of external environment. The complexity and simplicity of external stimulation, the number and number of stimulation channels and the frequency of stimulation all affect the development of infant brain nerve tissue. Early reading pays attention to the creation of writing environment, guides infants to consciously recognize and remember, objectively provides infants with another new stimulus besides oral and material conditions, helps infants to learn written language through hearing and vision while listening to oral language, and increases stimulation channels and stimuli, which will play a positive role in promoting the development of infant brain tissues.
2. Early reading can improve the baby's thinking level. Babies' cognitive process of Chinese characters will gradually change. On the one hand, the number of Chinese characters is increasing, on the other hand, cognitive characteristics are changing. With the increase in the number of Chinese characters that babies know, they will gradually find that some glyphs are very similar, and these characters have similarities and differences. This discovery not only aroused their greater interest in Chinese characters, but also prompted them to classify and summarize the glyphs, and naturally noticed the radicals of Chinese characters. This change is precisely because they have developed from a holistic and vague cognition to a detailed and partial cognition. At the same time, their observation ability has been improved, the comprehensiveness and accuracy of observation have changed obviously, and their ability to analyze and summarize has improved obviously.
3. Early reading can promote the development of oral English. Words are symbols of language. When reading Chinese characters, babies review the words represented by Chinese characters, which naturally deepens their impression of words. After recognizing and reading Chinese characters, using their characters or saying a word will further improve the ability of infants to learn and use languages, and over time, the oral expression ability of infants will be rapidly improved.
4. Early reading opens the way for active learning. Literacy is not learning knowledge. Text reading can change the situation that infants passively rely on listening to oral English and rely on adult oral English teaching to obtain knowledge and information, and gradually become another channel to help infants broaden their horizons and learn knowledge through reading books, which undoubtedly promotes the intellectual development of infants.
5. Early reading is the condition of cultivating good personality. Infants and young children discover novel phenomena and things through reading, sprout curiosity, broaden their interest range, improve their desire for knowledge, and at the same time get a kind of psychological satisfaction because of "I can read words", "I can read books" and "I can read newspapers", so as to experience the joy of success and build up and enhance self-confidence.
6. Early reading is an important condition for learning success. Reading habits and reading ability are the basis of learning, which can accompany and influence people's life. Early education plays a role in these two aspects, and it is precisely for this reason that children's text reading has laid the foundation and prepared for them to formally learn to read and write Chinese characters after entering primary school.
Third, the practice of early reading in kindergarten language activities
In early reading, we let children gradually understand the basic procedures of reading and master the general methods of reading. In the activities of guiding children's reading, children learn to read in sequence, carefully observe the details of the picture, understand the characters and plot of the story, and gradually match the sentences and words they hear with the symbols printed in the book. In this process, I cultivated my interest and habit of reading, and also cultivated my initial independent reading ability. Therefore, early reading has unique value in children's language development.
(A) to create a good reading environment for children.
1. Set up reading corners and bookshelves in the class to provide a large number of materials suitable for children aged 5 or 6. Come to the park, have free activities, after snacks, and actively encourage children to turn over their books before leaving the park.
2. Subscribe to a large number of books suitable for children's age. Colorful children's stories 100 episode (three episodes of red fruit, green fruit and yellow fruit), children's literacy, good boy, doll pictorial, little frog story, etc. When so many colorful books are presented to children, it is undoubtedly an irresistible temptation for them, which greatly stimulates their interest in reading.
3. Create an environment for children to accumulate and actively explore Chinese characters. You can arrange two "word recognition corners" on the wall of the classroom. A is the Chinese characters accumulated by children's perception, and B is the Chinese characters that children actively explore. For example, the word "sea" that appears repeatedly in a teaching activity is put in B. What other words do you see in your daily life? Children will find a lot and put them in B, so that children can stick to it in their spare time.
(two) to carry out multi-channel and multimedia reading activities.
1. Some pictures (people, vehicles, flowers and trees, buildings, animals, etc. ) and some background pictures can be prepared for children. Using the principle of composite film, first put the background picture on the projector, then let the children choose their favorite slides suitable for the background and put them on the background picture to form a relatively complete picture, and then let the children tell their own stories according to the situation. This method is flexible and novel, and it is a comprehensive activity mode that integrates children's hands, brain and mouth. In activities, we should always pay attention to the use of various forms of interesting slides (such as drawing, compounding, linkage, etc.). ) Carry out narrative activities, so that children can use their hands, brains and mouths in the flexible group picture narrative, stimulate children's interest and promote the synchronous and coordinated development of children's brain language center and thinking center.
2. In the process of audio-visual education, children have a certain understanding of projection and become interested. By referring to and appreciating the teacher's slides, they sprouted eager ideas. Use artistic activities to let children create consciously and give full play to their imagination. For example, happy kindergartens, umbrellas in rainy days, and lively mornings in summer. Seeing their own pictures appear on the projection screen, saying a few words of explanation not only stimulates children's interest, enriches their imagination, but also develops their language expression ability, expands their vocabulary and exercises their thinking, which can better improve their personal expression ability, especially for children who don't like to talk at ordinary times.
(C) to carry out comprehensive reading activities
1, combined with things related to children's lives, literacy teaching. Some Chinese characters represent things that children are often exposed to, familiar with and interested in. Therefore, it is also an easy word for children to read and understand. For example, when the Mid-Autumn Festival comes, children will get moon cakes in the garden. When the whole class was eating moon cakes, the teacher wrote the word "moon cakes" on the blackboard. Children are very interested. They can not only remember these two words quickly, but also form the word "moon" with "moon" and the word "biscuit" with "cake" under the guidance of the teacher. The child's thinking is very active, and the teacher takes this opportunity to further guide the child to say short sentences and say "the moon is out" and "cookies are delicious" with words such as "moon" and "cookies". Children can read freely in life, thus cultivating their interest in literacy.
2, integrate literacy into the game, children like games. We should adopt the method of game reading. At first, you can take out the cards with big characters and read them to your children, and then teach them to read them twice. In order to stimulate children's curiosity and interest in learning, you can also hide words and suddenly appear, or let children find out which words are missing, so as to concentrate children's attention and urge them to recognize the words they know accurately. For example, in the game of "driving a train", when the driver's child asks "Where is the train going?" A child said, "The train is going to Shanghai". When the train was running, the teacher showed the word "Shanghai". At the Shanghai station, the children read "Shanghai". In this way, children learn to read many words in games, such as "Shanghai" and "Beijing".
3. Make various special literacy cards in artistic activities. According to children's poor observation, you can make cards of different sizes and write Chinese characters with a brush. Big cards are hung on the wall in the corridor for children and parents to see. Cut it into plum blossom shape with colored paper, write a brush on it, and stick it in the column of "early literacy" arranged in the classroom. Make a small card, ready for children to identify and form an impression. Children are very inattentive and easily attracted by pictures. Therefore, literacy cards cannot put Chinese characters and pictures on the same screen, otherwise it will distract children's attention. According to this feature, for children who have never seen physical Chinese characters in their lives and have no practical knowledge, they should look at the pictures first, then take them off and recognize Chinese characters immediately. For example, "sheep", "elephant" and "tank" are written with clear handwriting cards, which makes children's attention easy to concentrate, is conducive to children's observation of fonts, and has good literacy effect.
4. Learn to read by observing. Organize children to go to nature, guide them to observe the surrounding scenes and stimulate their creativity. Make children broaden their horizons and enrich their knowledge. It's spring, and we www.chinajiaoan.cn people take our children to the beautiful garden to watch the spring scenery. And take out the cards with the word "spring" written on them for the children to see. The children danced with joy when they saw the flowers in full bloom in spring. The teacher seized this opportunity and took out the "English" card for the children to read. The children learned it happily and easily. I led the children to observe the car and took out a card with the word "car" written on it. Here, children's attention is highly concentrated and their enthusiasm for literacy is very high. When autumn came, the teacher took out the word "chrysanthemum" card, and the children soon remembered it. The word "ju" has many strokes, and adults find it difficult for children to learn. On the contrary, children remember fastest and best. Many vivid examples show that children's early literacy develops their thinking and memory.
5, combined with the content of Chinese class, teach children to read. When telling the story of "wolf and sheep", we write the word wolf on the blackboard for children to recognize. When teaching the children's song "Little Book", I wrote the word "book" to teach children to recognize it. In this way, while learning nursery rhymes, I learned the lyrics and recorded nursery rhymes. When teaching children the nursery rhyme of "dividing apples", let them perform. Children know the words "divide apples" and "milk" in the situation, and they receive moral education. Children unconsciously learn Chinese characters. Children have no burden, do not feel boring, and show great interest. Music learning song and dance performances, learning the People's Liberation Army, teachers will teach children to know the word "People's Liberation Army". When the children draw a circle, the teacher teaches them the word "circle", and the children learn the word while playing in a happy mood.
Suhomlinski believes that the earlier you read, the better your intelligence. Therefore, children's early reading is an effective part of developing children's thinking, memory and language ability and children's language education. The combination of kindergarten classes, games, children's daily life and early reading can help children absorb new knowledge and broaden their horizons to meet the needs of the times.