There are still many controversies about the concept of "what is a curriculum" in the teaching theory circle, which can even be summarized into six different definitions, including: curriculum is the main body of teaching; Curriculum is a planned teaching activity; course
What three types of objectives does Bloom's classification system of teaching objectives include?
Bloom divided the educational goal into three fields: cognitive field, emotional field and operational field, which together constitute the educational goal system.
I educational goals in the field of cognition
The educational goal in the cognitive field can be divided into six levels from low to high: cognition (knowledge)-understanding (understanding)-response-analysis-synthesis-evaluation.
1, knowledge means knowing and remembering.
This level involves the identification of specific knowledge or abstract knowledge, and recalls this concept or phenomenon in a form very close to the form that students first encounter. This kind of knowledge is concrete knowledge, such as terms and facts; Knowledge of methods or ways to deal with special problems: order, classification, standards, methods, etc. General or abstract knowledge: principles, theories, knowledge framework, etc.
Concepts related to this level of goals, such as: recall, memory, recognition, list, definition, statement, presentation, etc.
2. Comprehension refers to the understanding of things, but it doesn't need a profound understanding. It is only preliminary and may be superficial.
Including (1) transformation: express your thoughts in your own words or in a way different from the original expression; (2) Interpretation: Explain or summarize a piece of information; (3) Inference: estimating future trends or consequences.
Concepts related to this goal, such as: explanation, identification, description, explanation, difference, restatement, induction, comparison, etc.
3. Application refers to the application of learned concepts, rules and principles.
We need to learn to correctly apply abstract concepts to appropriate situations without explaining the problem-solving model. The application mentioned here is a preliminary direct application, not a comprehensive, analytical and comprehensive application of knowledge.
Concepts related to this goal, such as application, demonstration, operation, practice, classification, illustration, solution, etc.
4. Analysis (*** ysis) refers to the decomposition of a material into its components, so as to make the relationship between concepts more clear, the organizational structure of the material more clear, and clarify the basic theory and principle in detail. Concepts related to this goal, such as: analysis, inspection, experiment, organization, comparison, comparison, discrimination, differentiation, etc.
5. Synthesis is based on analysis, which comprehensively processes the decomposed elements and recombines them into a whole as required, thus comprehensively and creatively solving problems.
It involves activities such as distinctive expression, making reasonable plans and implementable steps, and deducing certain laws according to basic materials. It emphasizes characteristics and initiative, which is a high-level requirement.
Concepts related to this goal, such as composition, establishment, design, development, planning, support, systematization, etc.
6. Evaluation This is the highest educational goal in the cognitive field. The requirement of this level is not to judge by intuitive feelings or observed phenomena, but to make a convincing judgment on the essential value of things rationally and profoundly. It synthesizes internal and external data and information and makes inferences that conform to objective facts.
Second, the emotional field of teaching objectives
1. Acceptance or attention: It means that learners are willing to pay attention to a specific phenomenon or * * * (selective attention).
It is divided into three subcategories:
(1) Consciousness means that learners are aware of a certain situation, phenomenon, object or state of affairs. Unlike "knowledge", this kind of consciousness may not be expressed in words. For example, in clothing, furnishings, architecture, urban design, exquisite works of art and other things to form aesthetic factors.
(2) Willing to accept means that learners are willing to bear some kind of * * * instead of avoiding it. For example, increase sensitivity to human needs and pressing social problems.
(3) controlled or selected attention refers to consciously or semi-consciously choosing one of the given * * * as the object of attention and excluding other irrelevant * * *. For example, pay attention to the value of people and the judgment of life recorded in literary works.
2. Response: refers to learners' active participation, positive response and high interest.
It includes three subcategories:
1) Default response (learned in response) refers to learners' passive response to some external requirements and * * *. For example, willing to obey the rules of the game.
2) Willing to object ......
What is the basis of the course objectives? What is the basis?
Since the reform and opening up, China's basic education has made brilliant achievements, and the curriculum construction of basic education has also made remarkable achievements. However, the overall level of basic education in China is still not high, and the original basic education curriculum can not fully meet the needs of the times. In order to implement the Decision of the State Council Central Committee on Deepening Education Reform and Promoting Quality Education in an All-round Way (Zhong Fa [1999] No.9) and the Decision of the State Council on Basic Education Reform and Development (Guo Fa [2001] No.2/KLOC-0), the Ministry of Education decided to vigorously promote the curriculum reform of basic education and make adjustments and reforms to basic education.
The new curriculum system covers preschool education, compulsory education and ordinary high school education.
First, the goal of curriculum reform
1. The curriculum reform of basic education should be guided by Comrade * * * *' s important thought of "education should face modernization, the world and the future" and Comrade * * * *, comprehensively implement the Party's educational policy and comprehensively promote quality education.
The training objectives of the new curriculum should reflect the requirements of the times. It is necessary to make students have the spirit of patriotism and collectivism, love socialism, and inherit and carry forward the fine traditions and revolutionary traditions of the Chinese nation; Have a sense of socialist democracy and legal system, and abide by national laws and social ethics; Gradually form a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values; Have a sense of social responsibility and strive to serve the people; Have the initial spirit of innovation, practical ability, scientific and humanistic quality and environmental awareness; Have the basic knowledge, skills and methods to adapt to lifelong learning; Have a strong physique and good psychological quality, develop a healthy aesthetic taste and lifestyle, and become a new generation with ideals, morality, culture and discipline.
2. The specific objectives of the basic education curriculum reform:
Change the tendency that the curriculum pays too much attention to knowledge transmission and emphasize the formation of positive learning attitude, so that the process of acquiring basic knowledge and skills becomes the process of learning to learn and forming correct values at the same time.
We should change the current situation that the current curriculum structure is too subject-oriented, too many subjects and lacks integration, and set up a nine-year consistent curriculum category and class hour ratio as a whole, and set up a comprehensive curriculum to meet the development needs of different regions and students, reflecting the balance, comprehensiveness and selectivity of the curriculum structure.
Change the current situation that the course content is "difficult, complicated, biased and old" and pays too much attention to book knowledge, strengthen the connection between the course content and students' life and the development of science and technology in modern society, pay attention to students' learning interest and experience, and select the basic knowledge and skills necessary for lifelong learning.
We should change the current situation that the curriculum implementation puts too much emphasis on learning, rote memorization and mechanical training, advocate students' active participation, willingness to explore and diligence in practice, and cultivate students' ability to collect and process information, acquire new knowledge, analyze and solve problems, communicate and cooperate.
Change the function of curriculum evaluation that overemphasizes screening and selection, and give play to the function of evaluation to promote students' development and improve teachers' teaching practice.
Change the situation that the curriculum management is too centralized, implement the curriculum management at the national, local and school levels, and enhance the adaptability of the curriculum to local, school and students.
Second, the curriculum structure.
3. Set up a nine-year compulsory education curriculum as a whole.
The primary school stage is dominated by comprehensive courses. Courses such as morality and life, Chinese, mathematics, physical education and fine arts (or music and fine arts) are offered in the lower grades of primary schools; In the middle and senior grades of primary schools, courses such as morality and society, Chinese, mathematics, science, foreign languages, comprehensive practical activities, physical education and fine arts (or music and fine arts) are offered.
Junior high schools offer courses that combine discipline and synthesis, mainly including ideological and moral, Chinese, mathematics, foreign languages, science (or physics, chemistry, biology), history and society (or history, geography), sports and health, art (or music, fine arts) and comprehensive practical activities. Actively advocate that all localities choose comprehensive courses. Schools should strive to create conditions to offer elective courses. We should strengthen writing teaching in Chinese, art and art classes in compulsory education.
4. High school is mainly divided into subjects. In order to enable students to achieve personalized development on the premise of generally meeting the basic requirements, curriculum standards should have different levels of requirements. At the same time, it is necessary to offer various elective courses and technical courses. Actively try out credit system management.
5. Set comprehensive practical activities from primary school to high school as compulsory courses, mainly including: information technology education, research-based learning, community service and social practice, and labor technology education. It emphasizes that students should enhance their awareness of inquiry and innovation, learn scientific research methods, and cultivate their ability of comprehensive application of knowledge through practice. Enhance the close relationship between school and society and cultivate learning ability. ......
What does the target system of the new Chinese curriculum in primary schools include?
Hello! Should include the following parts
1, literacy
2. Reading ability
3, the ability of discipline penetration
4. Ideological and moral infiltration.
What is the basis for determining the training objectives of professionals? What is the basis for the construction of curriculum system?
I. Analysis of Graduates' Employment Position and Post Ability
1. Professional research
Specialty is the combination of social needs and school education, and specialty setting is the link between social needs and practical teaching. Therefore, it is a prudent and complicated job to develop a major after careful consideration and investigation. According to the arrangement of college work, at the beginning of this summer vacation, our department has formulated the plan, scheme and goal of social research this summer vacation. Our plan is to have a certain place * * *, and the industry authorities should be included in our research object. Therefore, during the summer vacation, Members of our research group have completed the research on National International Business Documents Examination Center (Shanghai), Wuxi Development and Reform Commission, Wuxi Foreign Trade Promotion Committee, Wuxi Chamber of Commerce of China International Chamber of Commerce, Wuxi Xintian Human Resources Center, Wuxi KEC Semiconductor Co., Ltd., Huachuang Translation Co., Ltd., Wuxi Translation Association, Wuxi Tourism Training Center, Jiangsu China Trade Development Co., Ltd., China Bank Wuxi Branch Import and Export Settlement Office, Hangzhou Federation of Industry and Commerce, Shazhou Institute of Technology, Jiangyin polytechnic college, Wuxi Junle Hotel, Jiangsu Shagang Group Co., Ltd. and other units, including educational peers, industry leaders, student employment units, students' employment intentions, etc., conducted on-the-spot investigations. Through the investigation of business English professionals' demand and business specifications by enterprises and graduates, we can understand the job distribution, ability and knowledge requirements of business English graduates and the job requirements of various units, so as to provide a basis for the setting of professional direction, the construction of curriculum system and the formulation of training programs. On the basis of sorting out and analyzing the survey data, the research group discussed and determined the future development direction of the major construction of the Department of Foreign Languages, set up a public platform for professional foundation and professional courses, and combined with expert suggestions, defined the oriented courses. On this basis, according to the requirements of documents related to modular teaching in our college, the course modular teaching syllabus and practical teaching instruction manual were revised or improved, multimedia courseware and network courseware were made, and the work of Industry-University-Research, the construction of teaching staff and the construction of practical teaching bases inside and outside the school were planned.
Through investigation, it is found that with the development of economy and the intensification of competition, enterprises need advanced compound talents who know management, can speak foreign languages and have foresight, but they also need applied talents at the grass-roots level. The main position of foreign language majors in higher vocational colleges is salesman in commercial enterprises; Assistant salesmen, international business vouchers and inspectors of commercial enterprises; All kinds of business assistants, secretaries and translators of foreign-funded and foreign-related enterprises; Working (diligent) personnel involved in customs, hotels, shopping malls and conference (exhibition) centers; International exchange, agency of foreign-related talent agencies, tourism industry management or first-line English tour guides; In other export-oriented economies, there are also jobs that use English as a communication tool. They should not only be familiar with business, but also have good professional ethics and comprehensive quality. You should also have a certain language foundation. After accumulating certain experience, I can engage in the top management work of the company's first-line problem analysis, decision-making, prediction and so on.
Based on the comprehensive investigation results and the communication with graduates, it is found that the first positions of business personnel recruited by employers are foreign trade salesmen and clerks, who are mainly engaged in the practical operation of the company's business. After working for 1~2 years, they need to participate in the front-line analysis and decision-making management activities of enterprises. Business personnel of foreign-funded enterprises need to be familiar with domestic business systems, principles and policies, be proficient in handling business, and have certain foreign language application ability. Therefore, both business English and English business work must be based on language. On this basis, expand the courses in the business field to meet the real needs of the society for business language graduates and meet the requirements of students' personality and professional development.
On the basis of clear professional orientation, members of our research group have a unified understanding, that is, the training goal of business language major in higher vocational colleges is different from that of secondary vocational education that cultivates operational ability, and also different from that of undergraduate and graduate education that cultivates theoretical research ability, so it should have its own goal orientation. According to the survey results and experts' suggestions, we believe that the training goal of business English is expressed as follows: this major aims to cultivate all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty, with good comprehensive quality, English language application ability and English cultural knowledge, familiar with the theoretical knowledge and practical skills necessary for foreign-related services such as business and tourism, and the ability to process information by modern means. ......
What five aspects does the target system of physical education and health curriculum include?
1. Enhance physical fitness, master and apply basic knowledge and skills of physical education and health;
2. Cultivate sports interests and hobbies, and form the habit of persisting in exercise;
3. Have good psychological quality, showing interpersonal skills and cooperative spirit;
4. Improve the sense of responsibility for personal health and group health, and form a healthy lifestyle;
5. Carry forward the spirit of sports and form a positive, optimistic and cheerful attitude towards life.
What is the professional curriculum system?
Curriculum system refers to arranging different courses of the same major according to the sequence of courses, which is the sum of teaching contents and processes. The arrangement order of courses determines what kind of knowledge structure students will acquire through learning. The curriculum system is for educating people.
The guiding ideology of the activity is the concretization and support of the training objectives, which stipulates the planning scheme for implementing the training objectives. The curriculum system is mainly composed of specific curriculum concept, curriculum objectives, curriculum content, curriculum structure and curriculum activities.
Among them, the curriculum view plays a leading role.
What does the training system include?
Reprint the following information for your reference.
Enterprise training system
A training system consists of three parts: system, course and lecturer. System is the foundation, including training management methods, training plans, relevant forms, workflow, training evaluation methods and internal lecturer system. Curriculum is the soul, including curriculum design, courseware making and curriculum evaluation. Lecturer is the carrier, that is to say, the lecturer is only one of the executors of training and only plays the role of deducing the course. The role of the training system is to standardize the training activities of the company as the institutional basis to ensure the smooth progress of the training work. It should include: training management method, training plan, relevant forms, workflow, training evaluation method and internal lecturer system. Training management methods should fully reflect the training process and the evaluation of training results will be combined with the performance appraisal of employees. The internal lecturer system should embody the spirit of selecting and motivating internal lecturers, and play the role of managing internal lecturers and standardizing their teaching behavior. The first task of establishing a training system is to establish a training system, design a training workflow, make relevant forms and make a training plan. After completing the system construction, the next job is training research, that is, according to the company's development plan and human resources planning, asking questions about the training system construction, making an all-round understanding of the company's situation, making a research report, completing the determination of the core competence knowledge and skills of the post, putting forward training objectives and making corresponding training plans. Design courses according to the training plan. Curriculum is the soul, and the core content of training is curriculum. The purpose of training is to improve the knowledge and skills of employees, so how to establish a reasonable curriculum system? The first thing to do is to effectively analyze the existing positions according to the job description and work instructions, and extract the core skills and key skills of the positions; Secondly, evaluate the knowledge and skills of existing employees and find out the improvement points; Then design the training course according to the improvement points. This is a curriculum design method with the goal of being competent for the post and improving the current job. Curriculum design, courseware content, curriculum review and evaluation will change according to different training objectives. The lecturer is the interpreter of the course, and his main responsibility is to convey the core essence of the course to the students. A good lecturer must have a deep understanding of the contents involved in the course and cooperate with appropriate teaching skills. For example, a lecturer in technical training courses must be a technical expert and have a full understanding of the project. The training department can only help him improve his teaching skills. With the guarantee of the system, the compilation, guidance and performance of the course have been completed, and the next task is training evaluation. Training evaluation is the most concerned issue for enterprises at present. Training without evaluation can easily become "compensation training" and cannot achieve the pre-set training objectives. The evaluation I designed includes two parts: course evaluation and training effect. Curriculum evaluation can be divided into curriculum content evaluation and teaching effect evaluation. The evaluation of course content is mainly to evaluate whether the course content is consistent with the training objectives and whether it embodies the training objectives; The evaluation method of quantifying key indicators is adopted. The evaluation of teaching effect is mainly to evaluate whether the lecturer's teaching skills and deductive methods can be accepted by students; By means of questionnaire survey. The training effect evaluation focuses on the improvement of employees' knowledge and skills, which is completed in the form of written assessment and the difference between the two assessment data before and after training. Finally, the form of training and the construction of internal lecturers.
Training form
Training is usually done by combining internal training with external training. Its form is not only the usual classroom teaching, but also the popular sand table simulation, scene demonstration and outdoor development. Of course, we can't ignore the traditional mentoring system, and work guidance and guidance in daily work is also an ideal training form. Selectively introducing external training and choosing appropriate training methods can play a very important role in promoting knowledge renewal and ideological impact within enterprises. Internal training should occupy a large proportion in the whole training process, which not only helps to save the cost of enterprises, but also prevents the leakage of core secrets of enterprises and forms the atmosphere of learning organizations. More importantly, the spread of core technology within the enterprise has prevented the loss caused by the departure of core employees. The importance of establishing an internal lecturer system can be seen from this. The difficulty in establishing an internal team of lecturers lies in the inability to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of lecturers. This problem can be grasped by analyzing the hierarchy of needs theory. ......