It is every child's nature to like painting. Painting is the language of children, and it is one of the main ways for children to express their feelings and inner wishes about things around them. These seemingly random graffiti paintings are likely to be the starting point and beginning for them to show their talents in the future art field. If they receive scientific and reasonable education in early childhood, their potential in this field will be brought into full play and lay the foundation for future success.
However, the great potential of children's painting ability is often ignored, or many genius factors disappear prematurely due to the lack of scientific guidance and training. Therefore, how adults view children's painting is particularly important. First of all, adults must understand some characteristics of children's paintings and then guide them correctly.
First, the characteristics of children's painting
Painting is a children's game. In the process of painting, children tend to be completely involved in game activities. They like to be self-centered and feel that they are the characters in the painting. They take everything for granted and everything can be alive. Animals dance with me hand in hand, animals can hold concerts, I can drive on the Rainbow Bridge, and the tree is a little girl with long leaves and a nest in her pocket. Body and mind are fully involved in painting activities, accompanied by happy emotions, unrestrained and arbitrary smearing, fully enjoying the joy and satisfaction of venting, and having a sense of accomplishment.
Children's paintings have great deformation factors and subjective randomness in modeling and composition. In the process of painting, the first consideration for children is not whether the composition is beautiful or not, and whether the content conforms to the objective reality. Therefore, when painting, children will not carefully conceive and manage the layout like adults, nor will they consider artistic effects such as perspective, light and shade. They often start writing, do whatever they want, draw whatever they want, and their thinking is not restricted. Sometimes, there will be funny and "modern" interest in the picture: for example, when depicting a person's profile face, an invisible second eye will be drawn. Another example: houses flying on the screen, people with many kinds of fruits and wings on the trees ... the exaggerated form is really comparable to the works of modernist masters.
In children's paintings, we can see that color has a strong subjective randomness. We like to use lots of bright colors, contrast colors and colorful objects. Children like color combinations that are not beautiful to adults. As usual, we can see this phenomenon: five petals of a flower use five colors, and even one petal uses different colors; A piece of clothing is filled with different color blocks, which is asymmetrical. Therefore, children's paintings are strong in color, gorgeous, gorgeous, and have strong visual impact and appeal, which is also the natural expression of childlike innocence.
Second, how to evaluate children's paintings
1. Don't judge children's paintings by the standards of adults, but look at children's paintings from the standpoint of children.
Some adults have a biased view of children's paintings. The biggest problem is that children's paintings are required by their aesthetics of adult paintings. They always think that children's paintings are not beautiful, out of proportion, incomplete, inconsistent with normal objects and so on. The main criteria for measuring children's painting ability are "image", "beauty" and "feasibility". The so-called "likeness" refers to comparing children's paintings with physical or model paintings, and taking the degree of conformity as one of the criteria. The so-called "beauty is not beautiful" means to evaluate children's paintings from the aesthetic point of view of adults. What reaches or approaches the standard of adult painting is "beauty", otherwise it is "not beauty". This kind of education is actually arranged by adults, not children's cognitive process, giving children a concept of "beauty" and "goodness" in the adult world. The so-called "can" means that adults ask children to draw, and those who are close to adult skills are "can", and vice versa. From this point of view, it is natural to point out the shortcomings and faults of children's painting, and even "condemn" or "ridicule" intentionally or unintentionally, and then use adult painting methods to teach painting, or tirelessly ask children to copy according to the template. After long-term education, children will naturally ignore their own feelings, produce blind obedience psychology, and eventually gradually lose the ability to feel beauty and understand things, and their creativity and imagination will be invisible. There was once a child who won the grand prize at the International Children's Art Exhibition. Parents and teachers have high hopes for him and focus on training. But because I don't understand the characteristics of children's paintings, I will guide him according to the aesthetic standards of adults. As a result, the child can never draw the same picture as before.
2. To make children's paintings truly become "children's own paintings", adults should carefully comment.
Because of their age, children lack self-confidence in their actions or practices, hoping to be appreciated and praised by adults, so they fully accept the views of adults, thus partially or completely losing themselves. This phenomenon is particularly prominent in the process of painting. Some foreign preschool institutions are also aware of this. In Japan, some kindergarten teachers never comment on children's paintings, but carefully hang up and post each child's paintings for children to enjoy and discuss. If our evaluation of children's paintings is consistent, "This painting is really good" and "What is this painting? "What a mess" can only show that we haven't figured out what art education is for, so we can never give children a real art education.
Third, how to guide children to draw?
In teaching and counseling, we should not simply start with painting skills, but should give priority to inspiring imagination, encouraging play, guiding observation and prompting understanding, and combine some simple painting skills to guide children to paint.
First of all, help children build self-confidence in painting. In fact, as long as adults can correctly understand the child's inner world, respect the child's personality, encourage the child's creative expression, don't add adult ideas to the child, and try to guide what the child wants to express but can't clearly express, he can gradually see results. The cultivation of children's self-confidence is very important. Whether they can boldly express their ideas and boldly describe the world is closely related to their self-confidence. Children with strong self-confidence, their paintings are particularly expressive, with strange and changeable imagination, vivid and smooth lines, full composition and rich colors. Children with low self-confidence are timid and cautious in painting, with empty pictures, rigid lines and lack of vividness. Parents and teachers should not ridicule children with poor self-confidence just because their lines are not straight and their heads are not round. When children hear their parents and teachers say that he is neither right nor good, they will be more timid and unable to write, thus losing interest in painting. When children encounter difficulties and make mistakes, parents and teachers should help them find out the problems, and encourage them to pay attention to the characteristics of the objects when drawing another picture, so as to strive to be better than the previous one.
Secondly, we often find some children's paintings, which are full of pictures, including tanks, cannons, tigers, lions and children doing exercises. The content is irrelevant and lacks the theme. This requires teachers and parents to emphasize that a painting should have a theme, inspire children's imagination around the theme, and make children's paintings full of personality and creativity. We might as well let him practice painting different paintings on the same theme in peacetime. In this process, the child's imagination and creativity are enriched, and he will learn to think about painting content from different angles, thus cultivating divergent thinking. When copying the teacher's template painting, children should take the initiative to join their own imagination and change the composition of the teacher's template painting. Only in this way can the pictures be vivid and diverse, and children can get rid of the habit of relying on teachers and not thinking independently.
Third, adults should try their best to show their children's works and listen to them introduce their own paintings. For example, in the activity room and corridor of kindergarten, a small gallery is arranged on the empty wall beside the bed at home, and the works are constantly changing; Or put a good work in a frame and hang it in a conspicuous position at home. If you think that what your child draws is just a pile of graffiti, ask your child to introduce what he draws, what the color stands for and what the pile is. After listening to the child's introduction, you may be surprised that there are so many contents in the painting that it is not as bad as the picture you see. Let the child introduce his paintings more, which can clarify the child's thinking and let him express what he really wants to express. You can also often compare the children's paintings when they are just getting started with the recent ones, so that the children can judge for themselves whether there is progress.
In teaching and counseling, teachers and parents should not only take children's paintings as the standard, but also let children arrange pictures according to their own observation and understanding. We find that most children don't paint everything they see, but like to paint subjects that interest them. This requires parents and teachers to use fairy tales, fairy tales and games to enrich children's imagination, enhance children's interest in painting, and let children show their painting talents in pleasure.
"Four Qualities" and "Four Assistants" in Children's Painting Teaching
Children's painting is an important part of children's art education. Although it belongs to the art category, it is not a kind of painting in art. It is not a school of art either. Therefore, in children's painting education, we can't simply use artistic standards to educate students. First of all, we should explore the teaching work from the perspective of educating people on the basis of aesthetics, values and teaching methods.
First, to educate people, supplemented by artistic skills.
Children all have the characteristic that they like painting. Graffiti can help them understand and feel life. This kind of painting is called children's painting by adults However, not all children who draw children's paintings can become painters now or in the future. Most children have not locked painting into a lifelong career and have been striving for it since childhood. Of course, there is no denying that some children will become painters and engage in painting in the future, and the vast majority of children learn to paint by children. It's just a stage of learning in the process of life growth. In view of this specific phenomenon, we must first have a correct understanding of children's painting teaching, that is, to position teaching children's painting on educating people. Its primary task is to cultivate children's ability to feel beauty, know beauty and create beauty. From the perspective of beauty, it can cultivate temperament, purify emotions, establish the pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty, develop intelligence, love life, cultivate a correct outlook on life and world, and become useful materials for human beings.
Of course, children's painting is also painting, not literacy or other subjects. Under the guidance of correct thinking, the art and technical education of painting should be supplemented. For example, the understanding and use of painting tools, painting methods and techniques, and even the categories of painting should be explained step by step in a simple, friendly and vivid way, so that children's painting teaching can run on the right track.
Second, pay attention to interest, supplemented by induction
Children are still in an immature stage both physically and psychologically. At this age, there is no "task", "perseverance" or "responsibility" at all. Whether children like painting or prefer painting depends entirely on their interest. It depends on the revelation of their young minds' perceptual knowledge of foreign things. Driven by this perceptual revelation, they used crooked lines and unconventional colors to draw "children's paintings" that adults can't match and can't replace. Without this interest and inspiration, they don't want to paint or draw. Of course, not every child is interested in painting and has this perceptual knowledge. Need to show or think like a spring, always show. Therefore, in children's painting teaching, it must be supplemented by induction, inspiration and training. In the teaching of children's painting, children's interest is stimulated through appreciation, games, storytelling and audio-visual teaching. At the same time, the painting content should also be close to the children's life content. Such as birds, flowers, pets or people and things around them, and constantly develop children's thinking ability in images. Stimulate children's imagination and creative enthusiasm, mobilize children's internal potential and put them into children's paintings.
Third, pay attention to creation, supplemented by realism.
Learning to create is the soul of children's painting teaching, and children are in the perceptual stage of knowing and learning the world. They have no life accumulation and no experience precipitation. The world in their eyes is an unknown world. This is a world full of fantasy and color. They have no rules of adult painting, such as image and dissimilarity, beauty and ugliness, good and bad, but only the standards of image and dissimilarity, beauty and ugliness, good and bad. This standard is imagination. Children's imagination is necessary for painting, whether it is composition form, modeling treatment, color configuration or expression. This kind of imagination is true for painting children. But adults with rules are creation. Without imagination and creation, there would be no children's paintings, and all of them have become adult paintings. In the teaching of children's painting, we should encourage and inspire children to spread their imagination wings and constantly improve their creativity.
However, children's painting is also "painting". When we see a children's painting, we first want to know what this painting is and what kind of prototype creation or thoughts and feelings we want to express. These are the source of life of painting. Therefore, as children's painting teaching, it must be supplemented by life content guidance, that is, physical training. Children who draw birds and animals need them to see all kinds of birds. You can take it to visit the zoo. Children can draw skipping activities and organize skipping games. Children draw trees and flowers, which can be taken for an outing and so on. Through physical objects and field activities, new content can be added to the basic prototype of children's painting, so as to achieve the organic integration of graphic (image) expression and picture meaning expression and become a good children's painting.
Fourth, praise, supplemented by training
Children's painting is a manifestation of children's nature, which is often concentrated and exaggerated on the basis of prototype. Create vivid artistic images on the basis of exaggerated changes, so the ratio of artistic images to life prototypes is different. Even regardless of the actual scale, the depicted objects are boldly exaggerated and selected. Through the way of "replacing trees with flowers", add and adjust content at will, and draw a picture that touches adults with instinctive impulse and clumsy hands. With every picture of a child, we can find the creativity of each child and find out why it is so imaginative. Therefore, we pay attention to encouraging and praising this kind of creativity in every painting, so that this kind of creativity can last.
In fact, children's imagination is unbalanced, some are beneficial, and some need to be corrected slowly. With the growth of age, the standards of children's painting will change. Gradually melt into art, so we can't just be satisfied with the initial stage of developing potential and cultivating beauty, but also gradually strengthen training. Mastering skills should closely focus on children's understanding of the living environment, and increase the content of modeling, color and sketch, mainly including copying, dynamic sketch, sketch practice, starting with sketch and drawing, conception and creation. On the basis of comprehensive arrangement of children's sketch materials, from simple to complex, from monochrome to multicolor, we strive to achieve correct contours, coordinated proportions and bright colors.
Great achievements have been made in the teaching and research of children's painting. Everyone has a childhood, and every child likes painting. From the perspective of educating people and developing children's intelligence, it is the duty of every art education to teach children to paint well, and to give people roses and fragrant hands. I hope this article can make a concrete contribution to children's painting teaching. And further explore in the future teaching work, and make new efforts for children's painting students.
On children's art education
★ The painting is too "thin" and not rigorous, too "loose" and not vivid.
★ Children don't learn painting to learn difficult knowledge as soon as possible. The deeper the better. No matter how good the method is, as long as it violates the child's psychology and physiology, it can't be said to be a good method, which requires the child to have an age that can accept rational knowledge. For example, children before the age of ten should not learn many rules and rational calligraphy and sketches. Childhood has passed in three or five years, but "after this village, there is no shop", and it is most unworthy to learn what adults do in advance.
The traditional education method is to teach children to draw, and the new education method is to teach children to draw by themselves. The former is that the teacher draws a stroke, and the students follow it. The best thing to teach is to be exactly the same as the teacher; The latter is the teacher's inspiration and guidance on the basis of respecting the child's thinking. The best teaching is that he has his own advantages.
★ The patterns and colors in children's paintings are all their creations. They draw beautiful patterns and patterns on donkeys, elephants, camels, crabs, mice and other animals, which is nothing wrong. If you can't draw something that is not in life, what is creation? For children, imagination is more important than reality.
★ Sometimes children can't draw well, which is not necessarily a skill problem, but mostly caused by aesthetic reasons. For example, children draw outlines with light colors and draw with heavy colors, so that the colors drawn will "eat" the outlines and the shapes will not stand out. For example, when painting, children don't know that the color has the contrast effect of cold and warm, light and dark, so they paint similar colors at once, so the picture will be gloomy and lifeless. Also, the main things painted are bigger and more beautiful than the similar things painted. These problems will be encountered in almost every class, and solving these problems is the work that teachers should do.
★ If parents don't understand children's paintings, please don't criticize children's paintings at will, because you still lack understanding of children's paintings, so it's hard to say that your criticism is correct. The result can only be to dampen children's enthusiasm and interfere with their normal thinking, because a five-or six-year-old child has no ability to clearly distinguish whether your statement is correct or not.
★ When children are young, they often speak carelessly, swear words and do uncivilized things. If parents stick to the rules at this time, it will suppress the display of children's childlike interest and make children become "very sensible" adults, not cute. Children of this age don't care at all, whether it is better for their healthy growth or not.
★ When children learn painting, they don't know what painting theory is. All their knowledge is acquired through "practice" and learned through "specific work".
★ Children's painting is just a process of children's growth. It is artistic, but it is not really a work of art with creativity and designability, predictable effect and high ideological content. It is the product of rational thinking and the perfect combination of thought and skill. But children's painting is very casual, and the picture effect is unattainable. The child doesn't know what it looks like in the end. Therefore, it is wrong to learn from adults and want to train painters. Some children who study painting may become painters when they grow up, but the goal of our training is not painters.
★ For children's paintings, parents can't ask too much. One painting in a class is different from others. You can't ask children to draw better than others everywhere.
★ The child tried painting for the first time, although he liked it very much. But I'm not familiar with painting, I'm a little timid, and the picture may not be ideal. If parents fully affirm their children's paintings at this time, they will give them strength and confidence. Children may not succeed with their heart, but they will never succeed if they are not allowed to try.
★ Some parents said that I don't understand children's paintings. How to help children at home? If it is a preschool child, it will be easy. I can give you a prescription. You just need to prepare a bunch of beautiful, beautiful and great "high hats" to wear on the children's heads. With your encouragement, your children will be very happy and devoted to painting. Children's works completed in this mental state are certainly not bad. Experts say that children's painting is an error-free subject, which is not too much for them.
★ Don't take children's painting seriously, which is no different from children playing with sand. You can comment when you're done, and then turn around and leave. This is the nature of children to do things. They are not so disciplined.
In fact, grading examination is a kind of "training" activity imposed on children by adults, which is not in line with children's psychology and physiology at all. The grading examination unscientifically divides the original relaxed and free painting into various grades, guides students to upgrade and pass the exam, and makes students bear a heavy ideological burden, which deviates from the school purpose that children learn painting to improve their imagination and creativity. The improvement of the level is a false "success" created by teachers and parents.
★ Choosing a painting in kindergarten depends on whether the painting is clean and beautiful, and whether it looks like it; Experts choose a painting to see if it has the author's real feelings and creativity. This is the difference between the two methods, and it is also the reason why choosing a "messy" painting and a clean and beautiful painting are unsuccessful.
★ If the child is always dissatisfied when painting, he just wants to modify or change a paper painting, saying that the painting is wrong. This shows that the child has reached the transition period and has doubts about the authenticity of his paintings. They began to like and admire adults' paintings, and were no longer willing to draw those paintings that were full of fantasy, whimsy, out of proportion, illogical and taller than the buildings in their childhood.
★ Parents ask if it is possible for children with chronic temperament to draw faster, and children with acute temperament to draw slower, more balanced and more balanced. Actually, it's totally unnecessary. There are good works in haste, but more skillful craftsmen in slowness. Painting can only affect personality, but not change it.
★ There are two misunderstandings in appreciating children's paintings: one is to interpret children's paintings from the perspective of adults; The second is to regard children's painting as a professional technology.