First, the psychological defects of primary school students are mainly manifested in
1, sensitive
Most teenagers have strong self-esteem and low psychological endurance. Therefore, when they realize that their self-esteem is threatened, they will have strong anxiety, anxiety and fear. When their self-esteem is hurt, they will be angry, angry, often nervous and suspicious. I always feel that others are speaking ill of themselves or accusing themselves. This invisibly increases their psychological burden and leads to tension.
2. rebellion
Because primary school students are in the transition period of growth, their sense of independence and self-awareness is increasing day by day. They are eager to get rid of the supervision of parents and teachers and oppose adults treating themselves as children. At the same time, in order to show their uniqueness, it is easy for them to hold a critical attitude towards everything. Self-centered, parents must do what they are not allowed to do, instead of what they are allowed to do and what they can do, thus creating rebellious psychology.
Step 3 be alert
This is an unpleasant feeling that others are dominant in the heart. When others are better than themselves (such as study, looks, popularity, etc. ), they show unhappy, self-mutilation, resentment, anger and even destructive negative emotions. I can't hide that others are better than myself and think I am the best.
4. Lost
Pupils have many fantasies, hoping to turn them into reality. They will make all kinds of efforts, even deliberately pursue it. When this demand is continuously unsatisfied or partially satisfied, there will be setbacks. Especially if your good performance is not praised by the teacher, you will have a strong sense of loss.
Step 5 feel inferior
I am timid, afraid to express myself, lack confidence in myself, inferior to others in all aspects, and feel inferior. In interpersonal communication, I underestimated my ability and my psychological endurance was fragile. Caution, withdrawal, hesitation, etc.
Step 6 be lonely
Through the investigation, it is found that some students often feel that they are lonely in the vast sea, and they are withdrawn and unwilling to associate with others, but complain that others do not understand and accept themselves. Psychology calls this psychological state locking psychology, and the resulting emotional experience of feeling isolated and lonely is called loneliness.
Second, the main reasons for psychological barriers of primary school students
The psychological problems of primary school students are influenced by both their own growth factors and external environmental factors, and are the result of the comprehensive action of "internal causes" and "external causes", which can be summarized as follows:
1, unbalanced physical and mental growth
Great changes have taken place in the physical development of primary school students. They have no experience, lack of knowledge and experience, and their cognitive ability, understanding, thinking ability and feelings are far behind those of adults. This imbalance between physical development and psychological development has caused many puzzles, troubles and anxieties among primary school students, resulting in psychological problems.
2. The misunderstanding of family education.
Overindulgence and high expectations make family education generally tend to ignore social education such as moral development, personality education, practical ability and social responsibility. Parents only pay attention to their children's exams and further studies, but they don't pay attention to their moral development, communication skills, personality cultivation and social behavior norms. When parents' high expectations are inconsistent with their own needs, they always impose their wishes on their children. When they are wishful thinking, they will make teenagers feel depressed and dissatisfied, causing psychological diseases such as doubt and depression to their children, leading to high scores and low mental health.
3. The misunderstanding of school education.
Under pressure, some schools and teachers have to try their best to pursue the enrollment rate and create a famous brand effect. Achievement has become the only criterion for evaluating students' ability. If students' emotional troubles cannot be told to teachers and parents in time, it will cause psychological stress and form psychological barriers. The development of mental health education in primary schools in different regions is very uneven, especially there are still some unhealthy tendencies such as discipline, medicine, one-sidedness, formalization and isolation.
4, the influence of social environment
School education shows students positive education, but today's various thoughts are impacting our society. The pure educational content is in sharp contrast with the complicated social life, which leads students to fall into a situation of no reference and no attachment. The confusion of students' thoughts and emotional fluctuations are also one of the reasons for the formation of psychological obstacles.
Third, the performance of primary school students' psychological problems and preventive measures
1, learning anxiety
According to the survey, in some large and medium-sized cities in China, more than 10% of primary school students have learning anxiety. This is mainly due to the intensification of students' learning competition and heavy learning burden. Schools, teachers and parents put too much emphasis on grades, which has caused heavy psychological pressure on primary school students. Rest is an important measure to eliminate fatigue. Sleep can not only eliminate fatigue and restore the function of muscles and nervous system, but also be a necessary condition to ensure the normal development of children, especially the development of neuropsychiatry. The research results of relevant experts show that 8-year-old children should sleep 1 1 0.2 hours a day, 9-year-old children should sleep 1 1 hour, 10.5 hours a day,1/. Pay attention to nutrition. It is necessary to improve the activity function of the brain by increasing nutrition, so as to improve the learning efficiency. Studies have proved that eggs, fish, milk, beans, lean meat, millet, corn, peanuts, black sesame seeds, walnuts, day lilies, dates, almonds, chestnuts, pine nuts, sunflower seeds, seaweed and other foods are rich in protein and vitamins, and they are excellent foods for strengthening the brain and improving intelligence. Breathing training reduces mental fatigue. The following is the introduction of abdominal breathing. When inhaling, your hands (you can hold an empty fist) are upward along your chest and inhale slowly through your nose to fully expand your chest. When exhaling, exhale slowly, and at the same time, force yourself into your heart. Your hands quietly fall to the position of your heart and force yourself into your abdomen. After each deep and long exhalation, breathe slowly and then turn to the next exhalation. At this time, you should take three simple breaths to relax and adjust your whole body.
2. Interpersonal anxiety
Interpersonal communication anxiety mainly refers to feeling anxious and at a loss in communication with others. This tendency is becoming more and more serious among primary school students now, which affects children's normal interpersonal communication and psychological needs. We should have a correct view of interpersonal communication. It is also inevitable to be strict with yourself, be lenient with others, be sincere with others and care for others.
3. Self-reproach tendency
Self-reproach tendency means that when unpleasant things happen, people often think they are bad and fear what they have done. The root of self-reproach tendency is anxiety about losing the love and recognition of others. When students feel that their parents, teachers and friends don't approve, they tend to blame themselves.
4. frustration
The frustration of primary school students comes from many aspects, including study, interpersonal communication, interest desire, self-esteem and so on. The reasons are family factors, social environment factors and personal subjective factors.
Four, the main countermeasures to deal with the psychological barriers of primary school students
As the saying goes, "heart disease needs heart medicine." Although the causes of mental illness are complex and difficult to deal with, they are not innate, let alone incurable. The key is to put people first and prescribe the right medicine to get positive results. In practice, try the following methods:
1, eliminating rebellious psychology-communication
First of all, we should cultivate our social adaptability, hone our thoughts and sentiments, establish a correct outlook on life and the world, and be a talented person who contributes to society in a broad society. The second is to understand adults in a positive sense, and understand that parents and teachers are well-intentioned criticisms. Parents and teachers are human beings, have normal emotions and make mistakes. As long as we understand these things with a tolerant attitude, we will not be rebellious; Thirdly, we should know ourselves correctly, grasp ourselves and strive to improve ourselves. I often remind myself to exercise restraint, communicate more, increase trust and understand more.
2. Eliminate loneliness and inferiority complex-enhance self-confidence.
There are many reasons for inferiority and loneliness. Generally speaking, the main reasons are physiological reasons, setbacks and psychological trauma, personality factors, family education problems and unsatisfied needs. The key to eliminating inferiority and loneliness is to be satisfied with your existing strength. Analyze your own advantages, make a correct evaluation and give play to your own strengths; Secondly, do everything possible to improve your self-confidence. Finally, we can overcome our inferiority by assiduously making up our shortcomings and cultivating our strengths. Find your own breakthrough and make achievements in a certain aspect through hard work.
3. Eliminate sensitive and fragile psychology-cultivate will.
To eliminate fragile psychology, we must first establish a correct outlook on life and world and improve our cognitive level; Secondly, improve the level of self-control and cultivate frustration tolerance; Third, overcome the pessimistic and negative mentality and establish self-confidence and self-motivation; Finally, learn how to release negative emotions and get rid of pessimism and disappointment, that is, by organizing them to participate in social practice, cultivating various interests to divert attention, making more intimate friends, and seeking help from social forces (such as seeing a psychologist) to improve their psychological endurance.