1994 Bruner, a famous American psychologist, brilliantly summed up the achievements of educational psychology since the 1980s:
(1) active research, that is, how to make students actively participate in the teaching process and control their psychological activities.
(2) Reflective research, that is, research on how to make students understand the meaning of what they have learned from the inside and self-regulate their learning.
(3) Cooperative research, that is, how to let students share the human resources involved in teaching and learning, and how to organize students to study together under a certain background.
(4) Social and cultural research, that is, the study of how social and cultural background affects the learning process and results.
In addition, in the late 1980s, people began to discuss the characteristics of students' learning process under the multimedia network environment, and how to create a favorable learning environment for students, so as to promote them to acquire knowledge and cultivate their learning ability. These studies have injected fresh blood into the development of learning and teaching theory.