(Jian Maofa, Vice President of Taiwan Province Provincial Normal University)

People are the core concept of education, and education is the process of people influencing people. Man is the soul of all things, and his infancy is particularly long. From birth to maturity, it takes about twenty years to make a living independently in society. In the period of human growth, it has considerable dependence and plasticity, which can explain the necessity and possibility of human education. Peilin Tian (minimum. 42) In his book "History of Education", he explained the meaning of "love of education" and thought that the object of "love of education" is individual children who have not yet fully developed, and the value of children themselves is not as good as that of teachers in knowledge or skills, but teachers with conscience still unconditionally love children who are not as good as themselves. This "tireless" professionalism is the full embodiment of "loving education".

First, humanity and education.

The purpose of education is to change people's temperament, and humanity is one of the main topics to be discussed in education. Zhan (Min 80) pointed out in the article Anthropological Basis of Education that human beings have seven important essences, namely, group, freedom, thinking and language ability, development ability, self-affirmation, pursuit of meaning and transcendence.

Education is to understand the characteristics of the educated in the recognition of human nature, and then actively play the role of education. Peilin Tian pointed out in the chapter "Comparison of Chinese and Western Educational Thoughts" at the end of the book "History of Education" that "China's educational thoughts have always paid attention to human nature and the relationship between people, and it was not until modern times that he noticed the value of natural science and technology. However, the western educational thought has always focused on the knowledge and skills of natural science, and only in modern times did it begin to pay attention to human problems. Based on the study of "people" and slowly accepting the knowledge and ability of "things", it is easy to have a future; As for the research from things to people, although it is a progress, it is not easy to achieve good results. Because human nature is difficult to study, it is not easy to get results without the greatest efforts and a long time. China's educational thought contributed to the creation of human culture in the past, and now it is developing in the direction of attaching importance to civilization (science and technology); The contribution of western educational thoughts to civilization is unmatched by any nation, and now there is a tendency to attach importance to culture (correct outlook on life or world view). " (Peilin Tian, Min 42, p. 236)

Second, the essence of the article "people's quality"

From the perspective of pedagogy and psychology, Professor Huang Guangguo put forward six concepts: self-disciplined moral sentiment, adaptive cognitive and behavioral ability, motivation to pursue Excellence, balanced value system, complete self-disciplined system and open-minded outlook on life, which are important indicators to improve people's quality. In the study of academic theory, there is a theoretical basis; In practical application, it is also quite suitable for the situation of modern society. It complements the concept of "spiritual transformation" advocated by President Li personally, which is helpful to correct the biased mentality and disorder in the current society, and at the same time, it can cultivate the correct values of Chinese people and create a harmonious society that takes into account humanistic care and scientific and technological development.

Third, the educational view of humanistic psychology.

Humanistic psychology is a new movement in modern American psychology with a short history. The arguments advocated by various factions may not be completely consistent, but many factions have been formed, such as self-psychology, perceptual psychology and existential psychology. Here, only the main arguments that are the same among tribes are summarized as follows:

(1) Main arguments

1, a positive view of human nature: human nature is good, talent has a high degree of rationality and development potential, and an individual's future and destiny are determined by himself. People-oriented psychologists unanimously emphasize the dignity and value of the individual, regard the individual as a growing functional whole, and make it constantly seek full self-development in appropriate situations.

2. An individual's behavior is determined by his current perception field: the so-called perception field includes: 1. Personal view of oneself, 2. Individuals' subjective judgments about their environment, and 3. The interaction between individuals and the environment. Humanistic psychologists believe that individuals live in their own experience world, and their words and deeds are influenced by self-concept. Therefore, to understand the individual's behavior of adapting to the environment, we must first understand its perceptual process and the decisive force of self in the perceptual field.

3. Maintaining and enhancing self-efficacy is the main driving force of personal development: from birth to death, a person is striving for self-growth and enrichment all the time, with the aim of maintaining and enhancing self-efficacy and realizing the sound and balanced development of personality. In other words, everyone has a tendency to fully develop their potential and try to achieve perfection gradually. This will to keep forging ahead is the main driving force for the development of personal behavior.

(2) Educational concept

Based on the above common views, humanistic psychologists also have some similar views on educational facilities. The main points are as follows:

1. Students are the center of educational activities: students' personality should be fully respected, and the arrangement of educational situations must focus on students' physical and mental growth and development. The selection of teaching materials and the application of teaching methods must be matched with students' abilities, experiences, interests and needs, so as to promote the sound development of students' complete personality.

2. Learning is the process of students' personal perception change: learning activities should start from students' current perception site, teachers must help students to establish a correct self-concept and have a proper understanding of everything in their environment, and then teach students to absorb and transform experiences with a positive attitude and practical methods, so that personal perception can be constructively changed through learning activities.

3. Motivation of students' self-development: Teachers should make use of students' natural tendency of self-development to make students pursue progress spontaneously. In the whole process of education, teachers must refer to students' individual differences, constantly provide educational situations that are in line with their development stages, and give various development opportunities at the right time, so that each student's potential can be brought into play, and he can be satisfied with success from learning activities, thus increasing his confidence, maintaining and enhancing his interest in learning and seeking full self-development.

To sum up, humanistic psychology is the third force of American psychology (Goble, 1970). His view is similar to China's humanistic philosophy, which attaches importance to individual dignity and integrity and conforms to the basic principles of democratic education. The theory and technology of humanistic psychology are gradually adopted by American educational circles, especially school counselors. At present, all kinds of schools at all levels in China are actively carrying out student counseling to seek the full development of students' sound personality. If we can adopt the new viewpoint of this school and work out a counseling implementation plan suitable for China's national conditions, its effect will be improved.

Four. Sex education and the exertion of human talents

The most basic educational ideas and methods are "teaching without distinction", "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude", "making use of the situation" and "making the best use of people's talents". School-age children begin to receive formal school education. Because they come from different social and economic backgrounds, there are individual differences in physical and mental development and behavior. Under the current classroom-based education system, we should first fully understand the individual differences of students, so as to generally implement adaptive education and encourage students to have their own talents and grow up happily with dignity because of diverse learning situations, which is one of the key points of education reform.

(A) the meaning of sex education

Growing children and teenagers are the main objects of school education. As the teaching of the school is class-based, a competent teacher must deeply understand the individual differences and development needs of students from the aspects of intelligence, sexual orientation, interests, achievements and emotional characteristics in order to induce each student to engage in meaningful learning activities. In the whole process of education, teachers must refer to students' individual differences, constantly provide educational situations that are in line with their development stages, and give various development opportunities at the right time, so that each student's potential can be brought into play, and he can be successfully satisfied from learning activities, thus strengthening his self-confidence, maintaining and enhancing his interest in continuing learning, and seeking full self-development.

Education is people-oriented, and schools should attach importance to the education of the whole person. Based on the people-oriented education concept, teachers must try their best to create a campus environment suitable for sex education, open up a happy living space for children and adolescents, implement humanized teaching and counseling measures, educate each student as a talent, and ensure that each student has natural potential, and their talents can be displayed through learning activities. Since God has given talents, let them be used! Don't give up any student, even if he is behind in his studies and can't catch up with the teaching progress for the time being. As long as he has the will to keep forging ahead, and with the care and support of amiable teachers, he will certainly be able to break through the predicament, turn resistance into help, show his unique strengths, make certain achievements and affirm his position and value.

(B) educational measures to give full play to people's talents

From the perspective of education, everyone is a talented person. Only a well-designed and arranged educational environment can provide children and adolescents with opportunities to develop their full potential. Children and teenagers are the future masters of the country, and their potential needs to be stimulated and cultivated through education. If we can train them in a planned way and make people give full play to their talents, they will certainly promote the prosperity of the country and society and contribute to the common well-being of mankind. As for how to stimulate students' potential, and then give full play to their talents, it has always been the concern and attention of educators and psychologists. This paper discusses its feasible ways from the following aspects:

1. Provide a suitable learning environment and carry out diversified teaching activities.

Learning is the responsibility of students, and teachers should provide students with a rich and vivid learning environment. Only a colorful learning environment can cultivate versatile students. In order to make students really benefit from learning activities, we should arrange understanding and meaningful learning situations. D.P. Ausubel, a modern psychologist, put forward the concept of "meaningful learning", emphasizing that the contents and methods of the materials students learn should be closely coordinated with their physical and mental development maturity, old learning knowledge and current life experience background (Ausubel et al., 1978). Therefore, learning activities should focus on children, consider what children can learn and want to learn, and arrange various teaching activities accordingly, so that children can learn meaningfully in appropriate situations and stimulate their learning potential.

1) adopt heuristic teaching method: in the learning process, students are guided to use various effective learning methods flexibly through the teacher's lens to hone their further learning ability. Some students are visual, and what they see will leave a deep impression, even unforgettable for life. Teachers should write more books on the blackboard and pay attention to the explanation of pictures or objects; Some students are auditory, and it is not easy to forget what they have heard. Teachers may wish to talk more orally. Some students are tactile, so they must do it themselves and experience the feelings from the actual operation. Teachers should design and arrange dynamic situations so that students can learn by doing, thus improving the learning effect. In classroom teaching, the above types of students may coexist at the same time. Teachers should teach students in accordance with their aptitude, make use of the knowledge and skills of education majors, and cultivate talents with their own expertise according to students' perception mode and cognitive style.

2) Give students the opportunity to think independently: Teachers should bring students into the deliberately arranged problem situation in a planned way, and let them contact with some materials and use them. Of course, when necessary, teachers can prompt students to explore the path of the problem and think about the direction of the problem, but don't do excessive service and avoid rushing to tell students the final answer. Because telling the answer can make students learn quickly, but they can't get the joy of successful learning. If students can explore the problem and think independently, and then find the answer to the question, then they will be more happy with their achievements, so that they can truly appreciate the fun of learning.

3) Arrange cooperative learning situations and give full play to the role of social encouragement among group members: one of the most effective ways to promote creativity and students' potential is to ask questions among students. Teachers should arrange various cooperative learning situations at ordinary times, create a dynamic group atmosphere in which everyone comes together, actively encourage active participation, urge students to think more, ask more questions, discuss more and do more, have the spirit of exploring the problem to the end, and be able to work together and strive for perfection in Qi Xin, so as to achieve a satisfactory solution to the problem. It is true that it is relevant and meaningful to cultivate students' ability to ask questions, and then express their opinions and speak freely according to the theme. The reason is becoming more and more clear, which has the function of education and inspiration, and is more conducive to the development of potential than just pursuing limited knowledge in books.

2. Cultivate an aggressive learning attitude and enhance learning interest and effect.

The main task of teachers is to help students to carry out smooth and effective learning activities, and gain successful experience from them, so as to truly appreciate the fun of learning. Some people have made a factor analysis of the psychological process of "reading" or "reading" and found that it is bittersweet, but it has a bittersweet follow-up effect. There are various metaphors: if you eat sugar cane backwards, you can eat it as much as possible; If you eat olives, you will have an endless aftertaste; More like the fragrance of bitter gourd, it always makes people enjoy it. In fact, the ups and downs of learning are like drinking water and knowing yourself. In order to effectively stimulate learning potential and help students learn happily, we must help students develop good learning attitudes and habits, and then use appropriate learning methods and skills.

1) Set an appropriate level of ambition: If teachers set the teaching goal too high, students will be discouraged and feel depressed. Therefore, teachers should expect students' achievement level or students' self-defined ambition level to be slightly higher than students' existing ability level, and should gradually stimulate their potential and avoid encouragement. The process of potential development is not achieved overnight. Sometimes haste makes waste, and rushing may backfire. Some parents or teachers expect too much from their children and students, expecting them to be versatile. They want to make all their potentials go hand in hand and master all the 18 martial arts. However, after all, a person's energy is limited. If you want to play a variety of talents at the same time, you may be overloaded or lose sight of one thing, but the effect will be poor and the loss will outweigh the gain.

2) Teaching effective learning methods, improving students' process skills and tempering students' ability to learn further: From the perspective of modern education, it is important to teach basic knowledge and training skills, but it is more important to learn how to learn.

Learn), and can use past experience, through the cognitive process of thinking, reasoning, judgment, etc., to solve various new problems with appropriate and effective methods. It is true that the guidance of learning methods is more important and effective than the teaching of textbooks. There are three key points in natural science teaching in primary and secondary schools: a to obtain correct scientific concepts and knowledge; Cultivate process skills so that students can understand scientific experimental methods and steps; Cultivate scientific attitude and spirit. Among them, the teaching of process skills is the most important. In addition to natural science, other disciplines should also emphasize the importance of "process skills", so that students can receive methodological training in the learning process and hone their ability to learn further. Proper learning process can bring good results.

3) Inspire students' thinking activities by observing, asking questions and playing games. Recently, curriculum experts in some disciplines are advocating "problem teaching method", which is similar to the learning method advocated by ancient sages in China, that is, "erudition, interrogation, careful thinking, discernment and perseverance". Teachers should let students think before they come into contact with problems or see some phenomena. If you still don't understand, you should have the courage to ask questions and ask teachers or classmates for advice. Students must pay equal attention to questioning and thinking, ask questions appropriately, get to the point, think carefully and discuss at different levels. Teachers must guide students to develop the attitude and habit of "asking questions" at ordinary times, and when they see various problems, they can trace back to the source and fully understand them. In addition, teachers can guide students to learn through various activities or games, which will certainly help to maintain students' interest and stimulate their motivation. As for the study place, it can be both inside and outside the school. Traveling and visiting are helpful to broaden our horizons, broaden our knowledge and experience, and get in touch with some social life phenomena and practical problems in daily life. Observing and studying with keen eyes and under the guidance of teachers will definitely enhance your interest in learning and stimulate your learning potential.

3. Use brainstorming, discovery learning and inquiry training to promote the development of thinking ability.

1) Brainstorming: This is a way of teaching creative thinking. Through collective thinking activities, the participating students' views on a certain problem are stimulated, which leads to a chain reaction, thus producing the effect of creative thinking. In the teaching process, teachers should grasp the principle of "delaying judgment", encourage students to speak as much as possible, and then summarize, combine and compare, so as to brainstorm and generate new ideas, which is quite helpful to stimulate students' potential.

2) Discovery learning: Teachers coordinate teaching objectives and students' level, arrange learning problem situations, put forward discussion topics, let students know the facts themselves, analyze the relationship between situational factors involved in the problems, and then seek the answers to the questions. This teaching method can guide students to learn spontaneously, and it is easy to keep learning motivation, which is helpful for learning transfer and can promote the development of students' potential. Discovery learning can not only satisfy students' curiosity and thirst for knowledge, but also further stimulate more motivation for exploration and knowledge, so that learning activities can be sustained, problem-solving ability can be continuously improved, and learning effect can be expanded.

3) Inquiry training: Its main purpose is to cultivate students' psychological tendency to actively solve problems and fully understand and solve problems through their own thinking and exploration activities. When children and teenagers receive inquiry training, they can learn from each other through systematic inquiry activities and make a social contribution through full exchange of experience, so that their potential can be further developed in the process of solving problems.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion

Education is a virtuous career, that is, a beautiful job for adults. "Man" is the core concept and key factor of education, and education is essentially the process of teaching people to become adults. Every child and teenager is a talented person. Education should give different guidance according to each person's talent, ability and needs in order to fully develop their body and mind. "Students are the main body of education, and the right to study is the basic human right of the people. In order to train every student well and develop the education of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, we should, on the basis of affirming students' subjectivity and safeguarding students' learning rights, carry out fundamental reforms in curriculum and student behavior counseling methods, attach importance to teachers and students' ethics and establish correct educational concepts in a people-oriented campus environment. (Education Reform Review Committee of the Executive Yuan Min 85, p. 34)

It is true that students' personality should be respected and affirmed, and all kinds of educational facilities should focus on students' physical and mental growth and sound development of personality. Under the basic principles of "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude" and "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude", school education and counseling should create barrier-free campus environment, enrich the infrastructure of teaching and counseling, provide diversified learning situations, implement adaptive education based on love and care and a deep understanding of students' individual differences, stimulate potential through teacher-student interaction, realize the harmonious development of personality and groups, and thus realize the full play and self-realization of talents.

In the modern society of "innovation and change", China people can't rest on their laurels, but they can't be aggressive. They should set up the ambition of "stop at the best". On the one hand, we must have the determination to "choose good and be stubborn", on the other hand, we must have the magnanimity to "follow good advice", communicate with each other and build consensus, so that we can not only adhere to principles, but also forge good relations and cultivate self-cultivation. Seeing that the materialistic society in today's industrial and commercial society makes people lose their minds, all citizens with ideals and foresight should lead an honest and clean life and turn the tide. It is not enough to just hold the attitude of "I am alone in the cloudy world, and everyone is drunk and I am alone". We must show moral courage, revive ethical spirit, change social atmosphere, turn hostility into friendship, turn hostility into peace, and welcome a better new century.