How to teach children to learn classics? Seven small topics.
Classic teaching method, first of all, must be clear about what is classic.
Second, many places are now engaged in classic education or teaching, and the content is relatively scattered. Let's talk about the content system of classic education from a systematic perspective.
Third, the classical teaching methods are different because of different children and different age stages.
Fourth, the main methods of classical teaching and learning. Mainly for children before the age of seven or eight. The learning method is simple and it is a model. Mainly refers to the role of teachers, which is a classic value. Students mainly refer to imitation and learn through imitation.
Fifthly, starting from the three elements of Chinese characters' sound, form and meaning, this paper discusses three main teaching methods, which are called teaching trilogy.
Sixth, mainly talk about the enlightenment stage? It refers to the traditional education or classic education in China. It has four main contents, some of which are chosen to teach how to write.
Finally, as parents and teachers, there are three daily teaching methods.
What is a classic. Classics are common, so classics are common and often classics. There are several specific differences between historical dynasties. Confucius' era is the Six Classics: Poetry, Calligraphy, Ceremony, Music, Yi, Spring and Autumn Period. Later, it was expanded to thirteen classics. So what is Canon? We call code code, and code is code. Canon focuses on law, reason and custom. It is equivalent to the law of heaven, that is, the conventional law of peace. This is the most concise explanation of the classics.
Specific to the classic education in China, the classic education is divided into three stages.
In the enlightenment stage, "three hundred, thousand, thousand, disciple rules", "three-character classics", "hundred family names", "thousand poems" and "disciple rules". The poems of Avatar can also be incorporated into school-based textbooks.
In the primary school stage, there are mainly: Li Weng's prosody enlightenment. If you explain, be gentle and filial. There were also some imperial examination schools in China's history, and he put the interpretation of Chinese characters into the category of universities.
The university stage mainly refers to the four books and five classics, and the extended view refers to the subset of classics and history. China Meng Xue, a classic of elementary school and university,
The greatest fashion designer in the last century, a French fashion designer named John Saint Laurent, defined the classics in essence and time. Never out of date in time, emphasizing the eternal value of classics. Never popular in space, it emphasizes the high quality of classics. So what is a classic? Anything that is never out of date, but all over the street, has eternal value and considerable quality, can be called a classic. Not only are China's traditional classic books, but anything of eternal value to human beings can be called a classic. The only time to measure, the only standard to measure, his circulation time must stand the test of time.
What is China's classic? In China, everything has eternal value. Traditional Chinese medicine, the Emperor's Internal Classic, martial arts and, of course, the Shaolin Book of Changes. Therefore, Ming and Qing furniture, as well as China landscape paintings, Chinese characters, five elements of Yin and Yang, gossip and so on. China's filial piety-oriented ethics and way of thinking, such as standing loose and walking like the wind, should all be called classics. Therefore, classics are not limited to some books, but also include lifestyles, modes of production, and modes of education, including many piano and chess paintings, martial arts, Zhouyi, etiquette, geomantic omen, traditional textile processing, and so on. Therefore, classics do not mean that only children or only when we want to learn need to read and recite. In fact, classics are still a way of life and a way of production.
A Japanese deeply loves our traditional culture in China. He decorated his room with geomantic omen, wore our traditional clothes in China, read traditional Chinese characters, vertical editions and thread-bound books, and basically used Ming and Qing style furniture. 2 1 century is the century of China people, but this China person may not belong to China nationality, but he probably belongs to Japanese nationality. An American has spent decades wholeheartedly studying China's guqin. In order to study guqin, he lived in seclusion for a long time on an island in Hong Kong without any modern means of transportation until he was 50 years old. In the history of Chinese guqin, there is a famous piano score called Magic Secret Score. There are sixty-four songs in it. This American is the first person in the world to play all sixty-four magic secrets.
What is his lifestyle now? He met furniture called New Jersey in Hudson Riel, new york, bought it in Panjiayuan and shipped it to the United States. His wall is guqin, his desk is guqin, and his decorations are calligraphy and thread-bound books. How does he travel? He just came to Dongting Lake with his guqin and played "Dongting Qiu Si" by the Dongting Lake. Then I went to Qufu, Confucius' hometown, and performed Confucius' Reading Yi and Lan. Therefore, classics are not only a learning material, but also a way of life in essence.
Therefore, reciting and reading classics is not only our children's business, but also everyone's business in China. Because it is a way of life. Therefore, if China's classic education is beyond books, then we regard it as an extremely rich system. It covers almost all fields and categories of our China culture, so we don't mean that only parents and schools can participate in China's classic education, but all walks of life, whether you are engaged in real estate or music, or even rock bands and oil paintings, can participate in China's classic study and China's classic education.
Why do we call it classic education instead of traditional education in China? Because tradition is called tradition or tradition in English. His corresponding name is Modern. This is a correct word. We now regard modernization and modernization as good, advanced and bright. So his opposite is called tradition or? Tradition . Then he represents the meaning of feudalism in a sense. So when you say that your children are studying or receiving traditional education in China, then from the moment you call this name, it means that your children are already receiving some outdated, backward and feudal education. So it is not recommended to call it traditional education, because the source of traditional education is the British moden tradition in modern education. On the contrary, it cannot be called traditional education.
The second is why children can't be told to read the Bible. After the Revolution of 1911, 19 1 1 overthrew the Qing government and began to establish a new education system in China. At that time, there were still two courses, one called Reading Classics and the other called Self-cultivation, which were probably taught by the president of Peking University at 192 1 and 1922. Therefore, reading classics is just a way of classic education, or a lot of classic teaching content. So if you think that we are now an educational movement that has begun to take shape and has great prospects, it is called children's bible reading. That is to generalize and replace the whole educational movement with one course. So it can't be called children's bible reading.
Of course, it can't be called Chinese education. Why? I attended 1900 because it was Chinese education. Western academic ethics, science and education flooded into China. In order to compete with western learning, Mr. Zhang Taiyan put forward the concept of Chinese studies. In other words, sinology or sinology education did not exist before 100 years ago. If you call this Chinese studies, what is its opposite? It is an excellent science and technology in the west and a classic education in the west. So if you call the education taught by your school or family Chinese studies education, then from the moment you call this name, you have excluded the most advanced technology and education in Europe and America. Therefore, this is why we don't call it traditional education, children's classic reading and Chinese studies education. We call it classic education. In the west, there is also classic education. Is classic education another name, liberal arts education? It is called liberal arts education. So we call it classic education, because we should not only inherit China's classics in an all-round way, but also open our hearts and accept the best cultural education in Europe, America and even the world wholeheartedly.
At present, the classic education in China is elite education, not mass education, but minority education. Why? From the perspective of liberal arts education, historically, who is qualified to carry out the education of piano, chess, calligraphy and painting? For families above the middle class with certain economic conditions, parents should have certain cultural literacy, and should have vision, tolerance and courage corresponding to classics. So at present, classic education should be elite education and minority education. Some elite parents educated their children or some elite teachers and principals educated their children or students, which played the role of fashion leaders. Then, it was handed down, spread to the society and gradually popularized, becoming a popular education. However, education is not yet universal. Examination-oriented education does not violate classic education at all. On the other hand, classic education does not violate exam-oriented education at all, because our practice has proved that children will be quieter, more focused, better in memory and more perfect in personality development such as moral quality as long as they are trained by classic education. At present, school education is exam-oriented education plus quality education, and the best choice for basic education in China in the future is exam-oriented education plus classic education.
Why should classical education be divided into primary schools, primary schools and universities? Knowing a certain number, knowing a certain text, and the enlightenment in the three-character classics must all be valued, so enlightenment is actually an education.
What is the main goal of ignorant education? Knowing a certain number and an article is reading. The difference between a person and whether he is illiterate lies in whether he can read. So literacy is the main sign of illiteracy and illiteracy. After education, he can read. Put a person from the initial state of ignorance, immediately read, and then enter a stage where he can read and write.
In primary school, you should give detailed exegesis. The meaning of exegesis is to emphasize every sound, form and meaning of Chinese characters. How many kinds of writing can there be? As soon as this article got here, we knew exactly where I should stop and where there should be punctuation. Therefore, "only scholars must start from the beginning and finish primary school", that is to say, after finishing primary school, they will follow suit, and after finishing primary school, they will follow suit to learn four books. Then we said to look at the Six Classics again. Of course, this collection of poems is about the rites and music in the Spring and Autumn Period, but the Book of Songs or Yue Ji has been lost now, so it has now become the Five Classics. After reading the four books and the five classics, we can read this, so what else can we read? Then read a hundred schools, Lao Zi, Zhuangzi, Sun Zi, etc. After the classics have passed, go to read history. Therefore, it is gradual, just like steps, and can't be chaotic. One of the advantages of Tibetan Buddhism is that he talks about his second brother, such as Master Zong Kaba, who has a book called "A Broad Discussion on Bodhi Daoji", which pays great attention to the second order. Therefore, we say that China's classical education also has a second order, so he can't be confused. He can't study the Analects of Confucius at the beginning and the Book of Changes at the beginning. He didn't lay a good foundation in front of him, so he had a hard time studying. Many promotion centers let our very young children learn The Analects of Confucius, The Emperor's Internal Classic and The Book of Changes. As a result, they were in a dilemma, and finally even their enthusiasm for reading the Bible was ruined.
A scholar in the Qing Dynasty, who wrote a poem. This poem is like a cartoon drawn with words. In an ordinary private school in Qing dynasty, children study there like crows, which is the classic of primary school, and then the classic of primary school. China used to emphasize the sound of books, so everyone was loud, so their voices roared in unison. Where should we start, Qian Sun Zhao Li and Wu Zhou Zheng Wang? After that, the universe is vast and the universe is vast, and the thousand-character text and thousand-character text are finished, and then the three-character classic, Jianlue and Thousand Poems are finished. One or two children are particularly clever, and their learning progress is very fast, and they will soon finish learning.
Classical education in China can be divided into three stages. The first stage is called "Enlightenment", and the corresponding classic is called "Three Hundred Disciples of Qian Qian". Li Weng Dui Yun, Musical Enlightenment, Shuowen Jiezi, Erya and Xiaojing in primary schools. University is a subset of the Four Books, Five Classics and History. The current promotion center only pays attention to classics, but forgets that Confucius determined two major educational content systems before his death. That is the Six Classics and Six Arts. The Six Classics are poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, music, the Book of Changes and the Spring and Autumn Period. Six arts are "the number of books shot by rites and music". The Six Classics are static, long-lasting and unchangeable, while the Six Arts are dynamic and change with the times. Therefore, the six classics and six changes are equivalent to the two wheels of our classic education, and they are indispensable. But unfortunately, most of our classic promotion organizations in Chinese mainland only pay attention to classics but not art, and even completely forget the education of art. As for the contents of classics, we say that they have basically laid a foundation since the Confucius era and the contents are basically stable. Art education is not art but skill, and the content of skill education changes with the times. Therefore, if we read China's literature, we can find that there are six ancient arts, such as "Ancient Six Arts". In the era of globalization and internationalization, can children learn piano, violin or computer at the same time when they are studying the Four Books and Five Classics or Qian Qian 300? Of course, because these can be said to be new skills education, and they are the two major education systems established by Confucius. We can't just pay attention to classics without paying attention to skill education.
If it is subdivided like morality, intelligence and physique, classic education has three major contents. The first is that we have just followed the two systems of Confucius. In addition to classics and art, we mainly let children develop good moral quality and good habits of life and behavior from an early age, so we list his morality and habits separately, mainly based on Disciples' Rules, and the habit of dealing with people represented by sweeping the floor. Ok, this depends, this needs to be done, and this needs to be practiced by yourself. When we say one and two, we will basically not change with the times, and the third will change with the times.
The basic principle of China's classic education can be summarized in eight words, that is, the energy should be quiet and the civil and military should be balanced. If the curriculum of children's classic learning conforms to the classic education principle of balance of ability, movement, quietness, literature and martial arts, it is basically necessary to grasp the main points. In ancient China, even now, Guqin ranks first in memory, because it is China's elegant music. It is not only a musical instrument, it is different from all other musical instruments. It is also called Daoqi, and it is also a tool for us China literati to cultivate our self-cultivation. We must incorporate Guqin education into China classic education in Chinese mainland or overseas. In the era of Confucius, some people have said that it was put here. Piano and books should be given equal attention. Of course, calligraphy goes without saying. Calligraphy is not only an art, but also a particularly important learning method. In other words, our child needs to copy, and he needs to be familiar with the shape of words, that is, the writing method. He must be able to practice like this through calligraphy. Of course, we say that calligraphy has reached a high level, rising to an artistic level, and it has become an art, as well as martial arts. Confucius usually wears a sword. Therefore, Confucius dressed like this, indicating that martial arts is an indispensable part of China's classic education. Both boys and girls can practice. We can choose which one to practice according to our local conditions, such as internal fitness and external self-defense. Therefore, it is very helpful for our children's physical and mental development and physical and mental safety. Another, our children need to know some knowledge about health preservation and develop good eating habits and living habits. Therefore, we say that the truly high-level Chinese medicine is not to treat diseases, but to treat diseases before they occur, and to treat diseases before they occur is to preserve health. There are old Chinese medicine practitioners in Beijing who have opened Chinese medicine classes for their children, and the effect is quite good. One of them studied Chinese medicine at the age of three, and began to make house calls at the age of seven. Besides guqin, traditional Chinese medicine and martial arts, according to our tradition in China, when a girl is seven years old, she will start to learn female workers on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, that is, the day when the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl meet, so she will start to learn embroidery, so this way is to cultivate, we say, the aesthetic quality of a girl is a great way to cultivate her ingenuity. If she is clever enough, then she is complete. We can also teach our children computers, but we must wait for him to lay a solid foundation for our classic education in China and the classic culture in China. In our classic education mode in China, we want the highest-level teachers to teach our children. For example, if you want him to learn computer, you must find one. You must find a computer expert with the highest level to teach your children one-on-one. This is a classic teaching method.
Gold is not as good as a skill. No matter what skills we have in all walks of life in China, we can divide them into six realms. Which six realms? First, mastering tools means being familiar with instruments. For example, if you want to use a computer, if you don't even know where the power switch of the computer is and how to turn it on and off, it is impossible to learn the computer well. Therefore, you must be familiar with these instruments. Then, after getting familiar with it, we can learn to call others JPK in our current words. Such as guqin, keys, human JPK and other artifacts. That key is equivalent to your hand, that is, the piano is integrated with your body. So what is the name of such a person and such a child? There are skills. There is technology, but technology alone is not enough. You must master the theory behind it, that is to say, it is not enough to play the piano. You can only be a pianist, but you must understand a lot of knowledge and truth behind guqin. In this way, it has risen to the height of learning and scholarship. So a person who can only play the piano rises to this height. He knows the piano and plays beautifully. As elegant as a ballet. To rise to the level of art, you must never play for the bad guys. Therefore, we should have good moral quality and professional ethics. Give him everything together, this is called. What does Qin Dao mean? First you have to master the guqin, then you can play it. Your hand is very skilled with the piano. You have mastered a certain degree of piano learning, reached the artistic level, and also have considerable moral cultivation. Consistency and mastery are considered to be the way of piano. It's entirely possible.
For example, embroidery, girl embroidery, your mastery of thread, needle and embroidery. After mastering it, you will have embroidery skills. But not yet. Why do you want to embroider like this? Why do you want to use such a pattern? You must master the historical and cultural knowledge behind it. So this is called embroidery, embroidery art, and finally it is said that embroidery posture, embroidery capacity and embroidery morality are completely integrated into one, which is regarded as embroidery road. Everything else is like this, such as taekwondo, kendo, tea ceremony, everything. So this is the three content systems of classic education. The first is classics, the second is moral life habit education, and the third is skill education. The third part is about different age stages and his corresponding classic teaching methods. Now there is a popular saying in our classic education circle that our children must learn classics before 13 years old if they want to seize the time, and it will be useless after 13 years old. I don't agree with this view. I'm surprised where this 13-year-old man came from. Finally, I checked Huangdi Neijing and found that boys and girls are completely different, so according to Huangdi Neijing, the physiological cycle of girls is 7 years. So if we say that when a person reaches puberty and a girl reaches puberty, her understanding ability rises and her emotions begin to sprout, then her memory does decline. If this is not 13 years old and 14 years old, then at what age should a girl step up her classical study? That was before 14 years old. So, after 14 years old, is it impossible to learn classics? I have a living example in this place, which is my Shen Li. It's difficult to start learning classics at the age of 28, but it doesn't matter. I learn one word at a time. It doesn't matter to learn a word. Therefore, after 14 years old, girls have entered the stage of adult classic education. It's not that they can't learn, but that their learning methods have changed. She can't concentrate on reciting. What should she focus on? Give priority to understanding. It is necessary to be emotional and rational. This is the teaching method and principle of adult classic education. Confucius said, it is never too old to learn. It's just that children are like the morning sun. If you are older, it is equivalent to the afternoon sun. It will be a little harder. But that doesn't mean adults don't have to study classics. I have met many old ladies in their seventies and eighties, who can't read, but can recite the vests. They will recite the great compassion mantra. I even met a pious old lady who can recite the Diamond Sutra. So similarly, when you are human, we say that Lao Tzu said that you can be a baby (I don't understand this sentence). When you return your physical and mental closeness to the child's state, even if you are 70 or 80 years old, you can be as naive as a child, have a strong memory and recite many classics. Therefore, for men, he takes 8 years as a cycle. When did he enter adolescence? 16 years old. So, when do boys learn classics mainly by reading and reciting? /kloc-before 0/6 years old. /kloc-after 0/6 years old, it is either useless, or it can't learn or the effect is not good, and it enters the stage of adult classic education. I didn't say it myself, but it was summed up in Huangdi Neijing, the first classic of Chinese medicine in China. So, if there is an age stage of children's classic education, what should it be? He should be a girl before 14 years old and a boy before 16 years old. So what will the girls after 14 and the boys after 16 enter? Has entered the stage of adult classic education. This stage is particularly important. Look, this is Confucius. He went through several stages in his life. What is his focus at each stage? You see, when you reach puberty, you should set up lofty ideals. Just like many of our companies now, he must establish a vision, goals and vision. Why? Because only by setting up lofty ideals can we overcome many difficulties and emotional fluctuations. Then concentrate on transcending physical fluctuations with the ideal power of employing people with willpower. Then 15 wakes up, and at the age of 30, he is mentally and so on. Ideologically, you can get a relatively independent state in your work, and then you can be suspicious at 40 and know your destiny at 50. There are some sayings that Confucius summed up people's different ages. Therefore, the goal of classical education is different according to different age stages. China is waiting for our children to start school. He is about 4 years old. What should I do before I am 4 years old? Before our children are 4 years old, they don't want him to learn much, but as Zhang Zai, a great scholar in the Song Dynasty, said, what are the main points of early childhood education? Internal security and external respect. Peace of mind, reflected in his appearance and behavior, must be respect for people and things. This is something that a child won't learn much before he is 3 or 4 years old. He must keep his nature. What is his nature? We should explore and maintain his quiet nature, and then we should grasp the most important foundation of life, that is, good moral quality. This is what China traditionally called three years old, so before he was three years old, we mainly cultivated his quiet nature.
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