The so-called "primary school" of kindergarten education refers to the educational phenomenon that kindergartens infiltrate or apply the school-running concept, management mode, curriculum resources, teaching norms, teaching methods and evaluation methods of a primary school to the practice of preschool education, making it routine, normal and state-oriented, and then universal and trend-oriented.
With the promulgation of the Guide to Learning and Development for Children Aged 3-6 (hereinafter referred to as the Guide) and the increasing attention paid by the state to the tendency of "primary school" in kindergartens, the problem of "primary school" has become a hot issue at present. The tendency of "primary school" in kindergarten itself is a typical "encouraging children to grow up" and a very bad repetitive education, which seriously damages the law of children's physical and mental development and is extremely unfavorable to their growth. It is clearly pointed out in the Guide that "children's learning is based on direct experience and is carried out in games and daily life. It is necessary to cherish the unique value of games and daily life, create a rich educational environment, arrange children's daily life reasonably, support and meet children's needs for gaining experience through direct perception, practical operation and personal experience to the maximum extent, and strictly prohibit advanced education and intensive training. " How to prevent and correct the tendency of "primary school" in kindergartens now?
First, establish a correct educational concept and follow the law of children's physical and mental development.
Second, strengthen the professional growth of preschool teachers.
The professional quality of teachers determines the teaching quality of kindergartens, so it is very important to strengthen the specialization of preschool teachers. The quality of teachers is very important in quality education, which will directly affect the teaching quality. Improving teachers' quality has become an important part of quality education. With the attention of the country and all walks of life, there are more and more training opportunities for early childhood education, which ushered in its own spring.
(A) kindergarten teachers should have qualified professional ethics.
The backwardness of preschool teachers' educational ideas and concepts is also an important factor that causes kindergarten "primary school". Therefore, if kindergarten teachers want to love their work and every child, they should start with the teaching activities in daily life and pour their love into every child and every teaching link. Such as: come to the garden in the morning to smile and warmly receive children and parents; Timely appease the injured children; Help children solve problems that they can't solve; Communicate with parents in time about their children at home and in the park. In a word, as a kindergarten teacher, I want to pour all my love into my children, especially those newborn or sick children. Teachers should give them care, love, understanding and meticulous care, help and comfort.
(B) comprehensive professional quality, and promote the professional growth of teachers
Early childhood education needs to carry out research on the development of children's physical and mental development, ideological and moral character, cognitive ability, creativity and labor ability, and put it into practice to improve the theoretical level of early childhood education and build a theoretical system of early childhood education with theoretical knowledge innovation. At present, some kindergarten teachers attached to primary schools have retired from primary school teachers to teach in kindergartens, and all the knowledge they teach their children is elementary, which also causes the tendency of "elementary" in kindergartens. Therefore, preschool teachers can subscribe to some books and publications on preschool education, pay attention to preschool development theory in their spare time, keep pace with the development of the times, and grasp the pulse of preschool education reform. At the same time, preschool educators should actively participate in special education teaching and training, be able to record and understand the essence of theoretical knowledge, and strive to apply the new knowledge and new ideas learned in the training process to education and teaching practice; Cultivate good moral quality and cultural accomplishment, infect every child with his own personality charm, and influence them imperceptibly with his words and deeds; Really love every child from the heart; Have good psychological quality, cheerful personality and strong sense of responsibility. Put an end to "primary school" in kindergarten teaching from one's own professional accomplishment.
(C) to strengthen the ability to communicate with parents
Parents' misunderstanding of "primary school" is also the direct factor that causes kindergarten "primary school". Therefore, kindergarten teachers should be caring people, communicate with parents more, understand the children's performance at home and in the park, and treat parents with a smile like friends. For parents' confusion in educating their children, we should use our professional knowledge to solve it patiently, so that parents can understand the work of kindergartens, get their cooperation and jointly do a good job in children's routine work.
Third, change parents' ideas and establish parents' correct view of children.
Driven by the market interest mechanism and parents' anxiety about whether their children can become talents in the future, many kindergartens and even training institutions have put out slogans such as "Don't lose at the starting line" and "You may not be a genius, but you can be a genius parent", which has contributed to the proliferation of "primary school" in kindergartens and driven many parents to let their children participate in various interest classes prematurely, and they are very busy. Even some parents have racked their brains and crossed the threshold step by step in order to read the so-called good kindergarten. Most parents think that "a good university needs a good middle school, a good middle school needs a good primary school, and a good primary school needs a good kindergarten", and "only by going to a good university can you get a good job". Driven by these concepts, they attach too much importance to early childhood education, which leads to the tendency of "primary school" in kindergartens becoming more and more serious. Children born for a few months are sent to so-called early education institutions for education. When parents communicate with teachers, they are always used to asking, "Teacher, did you write today?" Parents are eager to make their children succeed and their daughters succeed, which deprives their children of their nature to play. Educator Rousseau said: "naturally, children want to look like children before they become adults." If we destroy this order, we will create some young doctors and aging children. " This passage makes us deeply realize that educating children should conform to the natural laws of children's development and follow the marathon running of children's regular growth. This is a successful education. It doesn't matter that they lost at the starting line, what matters is the second place in Guangdong.
In view of the above misunderstandings of parents, kindergarten teachers can let parents learn the outline and guidance when holding parent-teacher meetings, let parents know the laws of children's physical and mental development, and provide some real-life cases to help parents learn. Kindergartens can distribute some information to parents to publicize the harm of "primary school" in kindergartens; You can also set up parent schools and invite experts to give lectures in kindergartens to raise parents' awareness and change their ideas.
Fourth, improve the environment of running the park and strengthen the supervision of the quality of running the park.
In order to cater to the market, kindergartens blindly cater to parents' psychology of expecting their children to succeed and their daughters to succeed. With the deepening of market economy reform, the management system and funding sources of kindergartens have changed greatly, and many kindergartens have been pushed to the market. In the non-compulsory stage, they overemphasized "economy", so they had to change the law to make money and seek benefits. The shortage of kindergarten teachers, inadequate management and fragmented curriculum have all contributed to the tendency of "primary school" in kindergartens. Some primary schools will prepare entrance examination questions when children enter school, which makes kindergartens have to learn the content of "primary school" in advance. Examination-oriented education is to judge the quality of students by their scores. Now many kindergartens, especially private kindergartens, as long as parents are willing to pay, you are my God. Literacy, writing, English and mathematics can be carried out according to the needs of parents, and these subjects can be seen in a short time, so the cultivation of children's behavior habits is neglected, because the cultivation of children's behavior habits is a very long process and needs to be gradual, and many kindergartens can't see significant results in a short time.
With the increasing attention of the country, the education department has successively issued the Outline, the Notice of the Ministry of Education on Standardizing Kindergarten Conservation Education, Preventing and Correcting the Phenomenon of "Primary School" and the Guide to Learning and Development for Children Aged 3-6, which put forward specific requirements for kindergarten education content, education form, education mode, curriculum and class size. The supervision and inspection of kindergartens have been strengthened, the behavior of running kindergartens has been standardized, illegal kindergartens and family-run preschool education institutions have been controlled, and a long-term mechanism has been established to prevent and correct the tendency of kindergartens to become primary schools, which has fundamentally eliminated the tendency of kindergartens to become primary schools.