Directional principle is the fundamental principle of moral education in socialist schools, which requires that school moral education must adhere to the four basic principles, put firm and correct political direction in the first place, and cultivate students' scientific world outlook, outlook on life and communist moral quality. This principle is determined by the nature and task of moral education in socialist schools. We want to build a socialist spiritual civilization guided by Marxism, and schools must adhere to the guiding principle in order to cultivate socialist construction talents with "four haves" and "two loves".

(2) the principle of unity of knowing and doing.

The principle of unity of knowing and doing refers to combining the education of ideological and political concepts and moral norms with participation in social practice, and combining the improvement of students' ideological understanding with the cultivation of good behavior habits in the process of moral education, so that students can become people who are consistent in their words and deeds.

(3) The principle of fostering strengths and avoiding weaknesses.

The principle of fostering strengths and avoiding weaknesses refers to relying on and developing students' positive side, limiting and overcoming students' negative and backward side, and cultivating students' self-education ability by being good at recovering losses and guiding according to the situation. Marxist dialectical materialism tells us that advantages and disadvantages, advanced and backward can be transformed into each other under certain conditions, and the formation of students' moral quality is the result of this contradiction and struggle. The law of moral education determines that carrying forward advantages and overcoming disadvantages must be carried out at the same time.

(4) The principle of combining strict requirements with respect for students.

The principle of combining strict requirements with respect for students means that in the process of moral education, strict requirements for students' thoughts and behaviors should be combined with respect, trust and love for students, so that teachers' requirements can easily be transformed into students' conscious behaviors. Strict requirements refer to the strict management and education of students by educators according to the standards set by the party and the state. Respecting students means loving students, and it is teachers' sincere love and care for students. Respect students' personality, acknowledge their self-esteem and trust their abilities.

(5) The principle of combining collective education with individual education.

The principle of combining collective education with individual education is to educate every student through the formation of the collective in the process of cultivating students' collective, promote the consolidation and development of the collective through the progress of each student, and unify the cultivation of the collective with teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. To cultivate a strong collective, we must rely on the collective to cultivate, educate and improve the student collective. Educate every student to care about the collective and be strict with himself consciously in order to achieve the common goal of the collective. Through the collective establishment of the rules and regulations of the whole class, cultivate a good class spirit to influence every member of the collective. Teachers should regard the collective as the main body of education, and first make demands on the collective. Guide students to deal with the relationship between individual and collective, freedom and discipline, democracy and centralization. By organizing various activities, students can be educated and learn to deal with various relationships. We should strengthen individual education and combine collective education with individual education.

(6) The principle of combining positive education with positive guidance.

The principle of combining positive education with positive guidance, in the process of moral education, should point out the direction for students, persuade people by reasoning, start with improving ideological understanding, stimulate students' enthusiasm for self-education, help students carry forward their advantages, overcome their shortcomings and make continuous progress. To implement the principle of combining positive education with guidance, we should do the following:

Help students form a correct view of right and wrong and improve their ability to distinguish right from wrong.

Educators should be good at discovering students' positive factors and giving them timely education and guidance.

Moral education should lay out facts, stress morality and convince people by reasoning.

Cultivate a model and set an example.

Establish reasonable rules and regulations to cultivate students' good behavior habits.

(7) The principle of consistency between education and students' age characteristics.

The principle of consistency between education and students' age means that in order to achieve the expected effect of moral education, educators should adapt the content, methods and organizational forms of education to the characteristics of students' age, so that each student's moral character can be better developed.

The development of primary and secondary school students generally goes through childhood, adolescence and adolescence. Each stage of students' physical and mental development has its own characteristics. Educators must study and master these characteristics, especially the characteristics of students of different ages in moral consciousness and moral behavior, so that the requirements, contents and methods of moral education can keep systematic and conform to the age characteristics of students, and achieve better moral education results.

(8) The principle that education influences continuity and consistency.

The principle of continuity and consistency of educational influence means that school moral education should purposefully and systematically organize and adjust the educational influence on students from all sides, so as to make them cooperate and coordinate with each other, so as to ensure that students' moral character can develop according to the requirements of educational purposes.

Students' moral character is formed and developed under the influence of long-term education from school, family and society. These influences are complex, not only contradictory and antagonistic, but also often inconsistent. If it is not organized, it will weaken the influence of school moral education on students. Especially in modern society, the progress of science and technology has expanded the scope of students' activities and exchanges, and the amount of information received through books, periodicals, movies and videos has greatly increased. In this case, in order to effectively educate students, it is necessary to strengthen the control and adjustment of the school's influence on all aspects of education. In order to form a strong educational synergy and ensure that students' moral healthy growth meets social requirements.

(9) The principle of integrating theory with practice.

Combining theory with practice is the basic principle that we must follow. Theory has a great guiding role in people's actions. Therefore, ideological and political work must focus on theory, that is, arm students' minds with communist ideas and proletarian positions, viewpoints and methods, and help them gradually establish a scientific world outlook and a revolutionary outlook on life. In addition, ideological and political work should proceed from the reality of the educated, seek truth from facts, get to the point, and implement ideological education.

To implement the principle of integrating theory with practice, ideological and political education must be systematic, open and targeted.

(10) Persuasion principle.

The process of students' cognition is a process from shallow to deep, from the outside to the inside. Students are too young to understand the truth at once. The ideological and political work of teachers and school leaders must also follow the law of students' ideological understanding and improve students' ideological understanding repeatedly.

(1 1) The principle of combining ideological and political work with other activities.

Ideological and political education cannot be separated from other work. Ideological and political education in schools can only be a combination of education, activities and guidance, and combine morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor around the fundamental goal of educating people to become useful people; The combination of teaching and educating people among various disciplines; The combination of various functional departments of the school and various educational forces; Only by combining school, family and social education can the ideological and political education in schools mobilize all positive factors and form a joint force, and this principle of comprehensive education can achieve remarkable results.