The above are some words in Piaget's Preface to Translators, from which we can know the profundity of Piaget's position and theory, which means that gnawing such words requires patience and understanding, thinking and summing up. As an amateur reader of psychology, the author has the following insights after reading this book.
1. Development and learning. "Cognitive development is a spontaneous process." "Development is a process related to the whole cognitive structure." "Learning is inspired by the situation of psychological experimenters, or by teachers who follow a certain teaching method, or by external situations." From this, we can read two key words: "process" and "excitation" and extend them. Development is a long-term process, and its relationship with learning is not parallel, but holistic and functional. Learning is a function in the process of development, "developing explanatory learning". Back to our educational practice, students' lifelong development is the goal pursued by education, and learning is an important function to realize development. Students' learning ability can determine the speed and height of development to a certain extent, but not all. Piaget divided development into four main stages: sensory movement stage, pre-operation stage, concrete operation stage and formal operation stage. Teachers can carry out education and study teaching contents and methods according to the different characteristics embodied in different stages. In the process of development, children and adults will form different cognitive structures. Rousseau said that "children are not adults", and educators should pay attention to children's characteristics and strive to conform to their development stages. As middle school teachers, we should also think about what methods can be taken to better stimulate the intrinsic learning motivation of middle school students at this specific age. Piaget believes that learning is subordinate to development. If we understand this relationship, we can explore how to match children's learning with their development, and how to adapt teaching materials to the characteristics of stage development, so as to achieve ideal teaching results.
2. Intelligence and thinking. Piaget's very important theory is to promote the development of students' intelligence and cultivate their thinking ability. Nowadays, more educators understand intellectual development as the cultivation of high scores, ignoring the role of other key factors in the process of intellectual development. In short, it is necessary to cultivate intellectual explorers, not just knowledge storers, to promote the development of intelligence through the training of thinking ability, and to improve the effectiveness of intellectual training by stimulating interest. At present, it is more and more important to cultivate students' thinking ability in teaching. However, the reality is that students passively accept, teachers blindly explain, and teachers and students are tired. Improving teachers' ideas can change the classroom structure and students' learning methods, thus making learning a dynamic and creative intellectual activity. Of course, the cultivation of thinking ability is a long-term process, which requires teachers to constantly strengthen their ability to interpret textbooks and design problems.
3. Games and activities. Piaget believes that games are an important way to train children's intelligence. "From the two main forms of sensory movement connection and symbol, games assimilate reality into the activity itself, provide necessary food for the activity, and change reality according to various needs of the self." This is a powerful function of games and activities, and its "symbolism" and "fiction" point to the boosting energy of children in the process of thinking development. Symbolic games can be interpreted as assimilating reality into self, while fictional games go beyond it, involving the whole reality that some children have experienced but have not yet assimilated. Educators should realize the importance of games to children's intellectual development and strive to present children's learning subjects in the form of games, which will greatly increase children's interest. In the teaching process, the design of activities will become the interest point of students' learning. Piaget also pointed out that interest is the core element of intellectual development, and "interest is the driving force of assimilation". Therefore, the stimulation of children's interest by games and activities will become an important means in the process of assimilation. 4. Contact and coordination. When discussing the problems of international education, Piaget put forward: "These problems are similar because they involve the formation of intelligence and morality or international education. Every question is to make the individual get rid of centralization, make the individual give up the subjective or egocentric attitude spontaneously, and thus guide the individual towards mutual relationship and objectivity. Only on the issue of pure intelligence can personal views be relatively coordinated. " Obviously, human beings are social animals, and the development of human intelligence will eventually get rid of egoism, seek the resonance of various ideas from a wider range, and establish contacts with other viewpoints, other fields, other countries and so on. With the question of intellectuals as the core and the exploration of truth as the purpose, we can get rid of some restrictions of national feelings and international life, that is, we can coordinate rationally. When talking about intellectual tools, Piaget quoted science as saying, "It is one of the best adaptations of human spirit and the victory of reason over the material world." At the same time, he stressed that if there is no corresponding coordination tool, it can coordinate information, has a special attitude, is both intellectual and moral in nature, is valuable to all levels, and is suitable for international coordination tools to link various facts, this knowledge is useless.
In a word, Piaget wants to create an intellectual explorer. Only exploration can have permanent motivation and vitality, and I am willing to follow. There are many valuable contents in his books, such as innovation and speculation, experiment and inquiry. After reading it for the first time today, I found that I didn't really understand many places. In order to enrich my soul with great thoughts, I will read it again and again.