On the painting of Du Fu's poems 1. Du Fu's Poems with Pictures

This poem was written by Du Fu in Kuizhou in the second year of Dali (767).

At that time, the poet fell ill in Kuizhou on the bank of the Yangtze River. The whole poem tells the poet's complex feelings of wandering, old illness and loneliness for many years through mountaineering, which is impassioned and touching.

Yang Lun praised this poem as "the first of Du Ji's seven-character poems" (Du Shi Jing Quan), and Hu Yinglin's "Poetry" is even more amazing, and it is the highest of seven-character poems in ancient and modern times. The first four sentences are about climbing mountains.

The first couplet is right. Focusing on the specific environment of Kuizhou, the poet used the word "wind rush" to drive the All-China Federation, and from the very beginning, he wrote a quatrain that was told for generations.

Kuizhou is famous for its many apes, and the canyon is famous for its windy weather. It is cool in autumn, but it is windy here.

When the poet climbs the mountain, the sound of "high apes whistling" comes from the gorge, which means "the empty valley spreads, and the sorrow turns into a long one" (Notes on the Three Gorges of Water). The poet moved his eyes from the heights to the rivers and lakes, and on the background of clear water and white sand, he was dotted with birds dancing with the wind and never looking back. This is really a beautiful painting.

Among them, the sky, wind, sand, Zhu, and apes scream. Birds fly, a match made in heaven, a match made in heaven.

Not only the upper and lower sentences are correct, but also the sentences are self-correct, such as the above sentence "heaven" versus "wind"; "high" versus "urgent"; The next sentences "sand" versus "Zhu" and "white" versus "green" are full of rhythm. After the artistic refinement of the poet, fourteen words, each of which is accurate and appropriate, are all in name only. In words, "thank you for your axe" has reached a wonderful and difficult state.

What is more noteworthy is that the word "Wei" in the first sentence is usually flat, but this poem is flat. Shen Deqian's eulogy is "Two rhymes are still used, but they change because of strangeness" (Tang Poetry).

This couplet embodies the typical characteristics of Kuizhou in autumn. The poet looked up at the endless rustling leaves and looked down at the endless rolling river. While writing about the scenery, he expressed his feelings affectionately.

"Endless" and "inexhaustible" make "rustling" and "rolling" more vivid, which not only reminds people of the sound of falling trees and the surging Yangtze River, but also invisibly conveys the feeling that youth is fleeting: ambition is hard to pay. Through the gloomy and sad dialogue, it shows superb brushwork, and it does have the majestic momentum of "repairing the palace" and "pouring hundreds of rivers into the east".

It is reasonable for predecessors to call it "a unique step in ancient and modern times" and "a change in sentence". The first two couplets tried their best to describe autumn scenery, and it was not until the necklace that the word "autumn" was pointed out.

"Alone on the stage" shows that the poet looks down from a height and closely connects the eye scene with the heart. Frequent visitor points out the poet's wandering life.

"One hundred years" means a limited life, here refers to the twilight. The word "sad autumn" is written very painfully.

Autumn is not necessarily sad, but when the poet witnessed the desolate and magnificent autumn scenery, he couldn't help thinking of his own exile, the old, the weak and the sick, so he gave birth to infinite sadness. The poet summed up the feelings of a long-time guest who is most likely to be sad in autumn and love to go on stage alone, which makes people deeply feel his heavy emotional pulse.

The "Wan Li" and "Centennial" of this pair of couplets are the same as those of the last pair. "Boundless" and "endless" also have the function of mutual echo: the poet's travel worries and loneliness, like fallen leaves and rivers, are pushed and driven away endlessly, and emotion and scenery blend into one.

At this point, the poem has given the general meaning of homesickness, increased the content of long-term loneliness, increased people's feelings of mourning for autumn and suffering from illness, increased the sigh of Wan Li and others leaving home in their twilight years, and made the poem more profound. There are five or six sentences at the end.

The poet suffers from hardship and poverty, worrying about the country and the people, and his hair is getting gray. In addition, because of illness and alcohol deprivation, it is even more difficult for them to let go. The poet's ambivalence is easy to understand, because he was eager to climb high and see far, but now he provokes hatred for no reason, adding to his sorrow.

The first six sentences are "flying", and here is "soft and cold, infinite sorrow is beyond words" ("Poetry"). The first half of the poem describes the scenery, the second half is lyrical, and the writing style is different.

The first couplet focuses on describing the specific scenery in front of us, just like the meticulous brushwork of a painter, showing the shape, sound, color and state one by one. The second couplet focuses on rendering the atmosphere of the whole autumn, just like the painter's freehand brushwork. It should only be vivid and vivid, so that readers can supplement it with imagination and express their feelings in triplicate, starting from two aspects: vertical (time) and horizontal (space), and writing from a foreign land to a sick and disabled life.

Quadrupling the number of white hair, protecting illness and abstinence from alcohol can be summed up as the hardship of the times is the root of poverty. In this way, Du Fu's feelings when he was worried about the country and hurt the country jumped from the page.

All eight sentences in this poem are correct. At first glance, the beginning and the end seem to be "wrong", and the chest and abdomen seem to be "wrong".

After careful consideration, "every sentence in the article is law, and every word in the sentence is law." Not only "the whole article can be taught", but also "choose words and make sentences", "people in ancient and modern times dare not speak and will never speak"

It is natural to win the reputation of "masterpiece" (see Hu Yinglin's poem). This poem is a quatrain, so it is called "the crown of seven laws".

2. Draw Du Fu's poems

Painting eagle

Du Fu

Plain practice frost, eagle painting extraordinary.

? Thinking of a sly rabbit, I look like a worried Hu.

Optical rotation can be picked up and called Xuan.

When you hit every bird, your hair and blood will splash out to smooth the weeds.

Poems with paintings are a unique national style in China's painting art. After finishing their works, ancient literati painters often wrote poems on the screen to explain the painting meaning and get the effect that poems and paintings complement each other. Painting with poetry began in the Tang Dynasty, but at that time, it was only poetry that praised painting, and it was after the Song Dynasty that poetry was really engraved on painting. However, the poems on paintings by poets in the Tang Dynasty had a great influence on later paintings. Among them, the number and influence of Du Fu's poems on paintings are unparalleled in the Tang Dynasty.

This poem was probably written at the end of Kaiyuan, and it is an early work of Du Fu. At this time, the poet was young, full of ideals, living a "happy" life, full of youthful vitality and enterprising heart. Through the description of eagle painting, the poet expressed his passion of hating evil and his ambition of Lingyun.

The whole poem consists of eight sentences, which are divided into three meanings:

One or two sentences are the first layer, pointing out the topic. I said in a surprised tone that there was a sudden frost chill on the white silk. What happened? The second sentence immediately pointed out that the original vigorous painting eagle seemed to rise with the wind and frost, greatly praising the artistic effect produced by the special skills of painting. This poem begins with an inverted sentence. What is reverse insertion? Look at the beginning of Du Fu's Song of Jiang Hua Ying: "Gong Chu painted an eagle with horns, murderous and deep." It is correct to start with the corner eagle painted by the eagle painter and then describe the chill produced in the painting. The reason why this poem is called "inverted method" is because it is written first and then "painted eagle" is pointed out. This technique, combined with the use of a pen, effectively depicts the imposing manner of painting an eagle and attracts readers. This technique is well used in Du Fu's paintings. For example, the new painting of Liu Shaofu's landscape obstacles in Fengxian County begins: "There are no maple trees in the class, and there is smoke at the bottom of the mountain, which is strange." "Painting the Stork" begins by saying: "Storks are born in halls of high learning, and their bones are cool in autumn." "Ten Rhymes of Painting on the Tuojiang River in Minshan" begins by saying: "Tuoshui is located in the north hall of Minshan." These poems can have an artistic effect of pulling one hair and moving the whole body.

The middle four sentences are the second layer, describing the expression of the eagle on the screen, which is a positive article. Zhuan Xu? (sǒng shrugs) "Body" means "body". "Looking horizontally", see The Biography of Han Li Guang: "Looking horizontally, it is called the goshawk." See also Sun Chu's "Eagle Fu": "Eyes are deep and eyebrows are like sorrow. "Goodbye Fu Xuan's Poem on Apes:" If you frown, you will be angry if you are worried. "Du Fu's two sentences mean that the eagle's eyes are similar to those of monkeys, and it looks like it is going to catch a cunning rabbit, thus depicting the eagle's actions and psychological state before the battle. It is really a vivid pen, which makes the eagle's painting come alive at once, just like a real eagle. The "taeniasis" of the neckline "tāo xuàn" is the silk rope of the eagle; Spin is the rotating shaft, which is the metal round shaft used by eagles. Xuan Ying is the colonnade in front of the main hall, which refers to the place where the painted eagle hangs. The goshawk with a round metal shaft shines brightly. As long as the silk rope is untied, it can spread its wings and fly. The painted eagle hanging on the porch is full of vitality, as if it came out at once, chasing a cunning rabbit, thus describing the eagerness of painted eagle. Taking the real eagle as the contrast, the author vividly describes the painting eagle with these two poems.

In these two couplets, two pairs of words "think" and "like", "adopt" and "call" depict the painted eagle vividly. Thinking describes its dynamic state, similarity describes its static state, abstraction describes its modality and breath describes its manner. The poet is good at using words. Through these expressive words, the painted eagle is described as a real eagle. It's hard to say whether it's a real eagle or a painted eagle. But judging from the two inferences of "Kan" and "Ke", after all, we are still painting an eagle.

The last two sentences go to the third floor, connecting the preceding with the following, taking the painting eagle as an eagle, and pinning the author's thoughts. The general idea is: When can such an extraordinary goshawk spread its wings to fight and sprinkle the hair and blood of those "ordinary birds" on vilen? "Harmony" means happiness, that is, I hope that the painted eagle can become a real eagle and fly to shoot every bird. See Ban Gu's Ode to a Journey to the West: "Wind, hair, rain and blood cover the sky." As for Every Bird, Zhang said: "Everything in the world is wrong because of mediocrity, and it has no deep meaning." This is to compare "every bird" to a mediocre person who has misunderstood the country, which seems to have the meaning of eliminating all evils. From this perspective, this poem expresses the author's hatred of evil and ambition to make progress by chanting and painting eagles. At the end of the poem "Yang Jian Draw Twelve Eagles Again", the author also expressed his feelings: "It will be a turnaround to get rid of the cunning rabbit for the monarch."

3. How to draw the picture of spring in Du Fu's poems?

Two quatrains

Du Fu

Jiangshan bathed in spring, how beautiful, flowers send flowers. Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach.

The water waves in the river, the white feathers of waterfowl, the green and red flowers on the mountain are in contrast, and you want to burn. This spring is coming to an end. When will I go home?

"Evening Day" comes from the Book of Songs in July: "Spring comes late." In spring, the sunshine time is getting longer and longer, and the weather is getting warmer and warmer. As the saying goes, "The early days are getting warmer and longer" (Ouyang Jiong's Good Spring). The poet begins the whole article with "sunset glow", which highlights the characteristics of sunny spring and flourishing everything, and organically combines the images and images described in the poem to form a bright and harmonious spring color picture. You see: the sun shines, the water is clear and the mountains are green, the vegetation is reviving, and everything is reviving. The breeze brings the freshness of flowers and spring grass. On the beach, by the stream, the ice and snow melt, the soil is wet and soft, swallows fly around lightly, holding the soil to build their nests, but muttering to themselves. Warm water and warm sand, beautiful and affectionate mandarin ducks embrace each other and sleep, which is very charming and lovely. Swallow is a kind of migratory bird, and the poet described it as deliberately highlighting the characteristics of spring. The first two sentences "Sunset", "Jiangshan", "Spring Breeze" and "Flowers and Plants" constitute a big scene outlined in bold lines, and the end of the sentence highlights the poet's strong feelings with "beauty" and "fragrance". The last two sentences are detailed pictures, which are not only dynamic descriptions of swallows flying, but also static portrayal of Yuanyang sleeping. The busyness of swallows contains the vitality of spring, and the leisure of Yuanyang reveals the gentleness and quiet movement of spring, which set each other off and become interesting. And all this is bathed in warm sunshine, harmonious and beautiful, which really gives people a feeling of spring.

Tao Yu, a Qing Dynasty man, said that Du Fu's brushwork was exquisite and he could "paint with poetry" (saying Du Fu). This poem can prove it. But the beauty of this five-element poem is not limited to "painting with poetry", and the poet deliberately conveys the soft spring he feels. If late spring, beautiful scenery, breeze, flowers, swallows and mandarin ducks are all felt by poets with vision, touch (wind) and smell, then the "melting" of soil and the "warmth" of gravel are not the direct feelings of the five senses. It is precisely because of the sunny spring, beautiful wind and fragrant flowers that the poet can imagine the looseness of the soil and the warmth of the gravel without touching it; The melting of mud and the warm experience of sand have deepened the lightness and casual visual impression of Feiyan, and immersed the poet's whole body and mind in a soft, harmonious and spring atmosphere.

"The birds in the river are white, and the mountains are blue and white." This is a landscape painting embedded in a frame. The paper is full of ink, and the painting is colorful and has a fascinating charm. The rippling river shows the beautiful scenery of white water birds skimming the river. All over the mountains and plains are green, blooming everywhere and extremely red. It is like a burning flame, very charming and brilliant.

White bird feathers are lined with river walls, and blue and white set each other off; Green hills are lined with red flowers, and green and red compete. The word "Guo" makes the waterfowl whiter and whiter with the blue sediment of the river, and writes deeply and picturesque; And a word "desire" endows the flower with anthropomorphic dynamics and swaying. There are four poetic images of rivers, mountains, flowers and birds, which are depicted in four colors: green, green, red and white. The scene is fresh and pleasing to the eye.

However, the poet's will is not here, and then, the pen road turns sharply and laments.

"I saw it again this spring. When is the year of return? " The word "read through" in the sentence refers directly to the season of writing poetry.

The scenery in late spring and early summer is not beautiful, but it is a pity that the years have passed and the return date is far away, which not only does not arouse the interest of playing, but evokes the sadness of wandering. The artistic feature of this poem is to write sadness with joy. Only by saying that spring is harmonious can we compare the poet's eagerness to return home. It does not reveal homesickness directly from the scenery, but compares the poet's deep homesickness with the difference between objective scenery and subjective feelings.

4. Ask for some pictures of Du Fu's poems and songs.

Appreciation of du fu's quatrains: two orioles singing green willows and a row of egrets flying into the sky.

My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to the eastbound ships. Since its birth, Tang Du-fu's Tang poems have been highly praised by scholars in past dynasties and gradually become one of the teaching materials for educating children to learn Tang poems in various dynasties.

China's primary school textbooks are still the same. Many scholars, poets, sociologists and historians have analyzed and studied Du Fu's easy-to-understand quatrains and made incisive comments.

Out of love for it, I was attracted by its exquisite description when I first recited it when I was a child. Here, I would like to add my appreciation of this Tang poem. The meaning of pondering is self-evident.

On the whole, the whole poem is made up of two pairs (a form of couplets). The content contained in the 28 words of the whole poem far exceeds these 28 meanings.

Let's enjoy this famous quatrain together. The opening sentence of this poem is "two orioles singing green willows", which is very simple and clear.

The poet described a beautiful picture in the close-up he saw when he stood by the window: it was an early spring picture, and two orioles sang happily on the willow tree that had just sprouted in front of the window. In the first word of the first sentence in the poem, the poet uses the number "two" and the word "one" to indicate a slight movement of the head and neck and a slight gaze.

Here, the poet uses "a" rather than "only" to describe the state of the oriole bird, but uses a sense of language to express that the oriole bird seen by the poet is a kind of dynamic. The key word here is "ge".

The word "ge" is a conjunction, and the tone expressed by double tones has the meaning of surprise. The poet used "ge" to tell the reader that it was the chirping of the oriole that attracted his attention.

One, two, oh, here's a bird. And if you use "only" here, the state of the bird is different.

The two orioles in the poem go up and down on the branch instead of standing side by side on a branch, because the word "song" of a singing willow behind them indicates the state of birds singing and chasing each other on the branch. One bird is on the beach and the other is on the beach. They are all playing with the fluttering willows.

Why is the bird holding the wicker sideways? This can be known in the sixth word "Cui" in the first sentence. Willow is the first northern tree species to germinate in spring. When it germinates, it first turns green on the branches, which is called spinning, and then the tender leaves spit out sharp green.

At this time, the willow is in its most beautiful state. Scholars and painters often compare the willow tree to a girl in Seeds of Love. Even the willow, the outside of the willow is like a layer of green fog rolling in the crown. Because the thin wicker is light brown with a hint of green, the wicker begins to fade away from the stiff state in winter and become soft.

At present, wicker is mainly used for poetry and painting. Cao Xueqin described it like this in the funeral of Daiyu in A Dream of Red Mansions: "Wicker elm pods come from wheatgrass, whether peach floats or Li Fei; More like Ge's chorus poem "There is no wind in the pavilion, and the apricot flowers and flutes are hoarse", "Plum blossoms leak spring news, wicker is long, and grass buds are green.

I don't think the stars are frosty, but I miss the time. "(Yan Shu)" Lou Yuyueming looks like a memory. Willow is elegant and weak in spring "(article).

Du Fu's "The willow next door is weak and curled, just like the waist of fifteen women" describes the soft and windless state of the willow. The poet accurately grasped the state of wicker in spring. At this moment, two orioles caught the wicker flying back and forth with their claws and chirped in the spring breeze. Perhaps the poet was attracted to the window by the chirp of spring.

The last sentence of Shang Kan, "A line of egrets goes up to the sky", corresponds to the first sentence. The poet was attracted to the window by the chirping of an oriole. When he looked away from an oriole under the wicker and was awakened by the chirping of the oriole above, he saw the blue sky in the distance from the treetops.

If the poet wrote a dynamic picture of an oriole jumping and singing in a cheerful style, then the word "a line" in this sentence gives the reader the feeling that his eyes are shining. Compared with orioles, egrets are huge migratory birds and weak birds.

This is a moral contrast, which I will explain below. Groups of egrets winter from the south and return to the north in spring.

The urgency of homesickness was vividly expressed by the poet with the word "Shang". The lines of the egret bird are in sharp contrast to the state that the oriole bird is divided into two parts.

The poet also turned his eyes from a willow tree in front of him to the endless blue sky through the state of two birds. There are many descriptions of the sky in ancient poetry, and the poet uses the word "green" to express the clear sky in early spring and early morning. As the most representative realistic poet in Tang Dynasty, Du Fu's description of the sky in early spring also influenced this period and China.

In the first sentence of the famous Japanese performance song "Spring in the Northland", the Japanese character is "blue sky". Here, "green" contains two meanings.

First, green, color, blue and green. There is neither blue dullness nor green tranquility, but it is a very bright feeling. In western oil painting colorilogy, there is a method of adding light to mix, such as mixing the three primary colors of vermilion, emerald green and blue with the primary colors, and mixing the three indirect colors of yellow, cyan and magenta.

In the hue icon, only cyan is not included in the basic hue of the seven colors of natural light, because the transparency of cyan cannot completely cover other "positive" colors when projecting. Second, green, state, primary germination, clean and simple.

This significance is particularly important for the vitality of early spring, which has passed and is coming soon. It is this feeling that the poet grasped and expressed his heroic feelings in his later years with a "youth".

The poet's feeling of "color" is still elegant here. Running through these two sentences are two numbers "two" and "one", two quantifiers "ge" and "xing", two birds "oriole" and "egret", two movements "Song" and "Shang", two colors "Cui" and "Qing", and two distances.

Fourteen words on the surface express fourteen things. However, in the first two sentences, the poet has been hidden.

5. How to draw Du Fu's quatrains

Appreciation of (the late Sun Jiang Lishan)

The poet begins the whole article with "sunset glow", which highlights the characteristics of sunny spring and flourishing everything, and organically combines the images and images described in the poem to form a bright and harmonious spring color picture. You see: the sun shines, the water is clear and the mountains are green, the vegetation is reviving, and everything is reviving. The breeze brings the freshness of flowers and spring grass. On the beach, by the stream, the ice and snow melt, the soil is wet and soft, swallows fly around lightly, holding the soil to build their nests, but muttering to themselves. Warm water and warm sand, beautiful and affectionate mandarin ducks embrace each other and sleep, which is very charming and lovely. Swallow is a kind of migratory bird, and the poet described it as deliberately highlighting the characteristics of spring.

The first two sentences of Sunset in the West, Jiangshan, Spring Breeze and Flowers and Plants form a big scene outlined in bold lines, and the strong feelings of the poet are highlighted by "beauty" and "fragrance" at the end of the sentence.

The last two sentences are detailed pictures, which are not only dynamic descriptions of swallows flying, but also static portrayal of Yuanyang sleeping. The busyness of swallows contains the vitality of spring, and the leisure of Yuanyang reveals the gentleness and quiet movement of spring, which set each other off and become interesting.

And all this is bathed in warm sunshine, harmonious and beautiful, which really gives people a feeling of spring. Tao Yu, a Qing Dynasty man, said that Du Fu's brushwork was exquisite and he could "paint with poetry" (saying Du Fu). This poem can prove it. But the beauty of this five-element poem is not limited to "painting with poetry", and the poet deliberately conveys the soft spring he feels. If late spring, beautiful scenery, breeze, flowers, swallows and mandarin ducks are all felt by poets with vision, touch (wind) and smell, then the "melting" of soil and the "warmth" of gravel are not the direct feelings of the five senses. It is precisely because of the sunny spring, beautiful wind and fragrant flowers that the poet can imagine the looseness of the soil and the warmth of the gravel without touching it; The melting of mud and the warm experience of sand have deepened the lightness and casual visual impression of Feiyan, and immersed the poet's whole body and mind in a soft, harmonious and spring atmosphere.

After reading this poem repeatedly, you will also feel that spring is not intoxicating and everyone is intoxicated. The success of this poem lies not only in the author's good observation of things, but also in the author's good observation of things. His predecessor was Du Fu's poem "How Different from Children". It is nothing more than mocking its simple language and not trying to chase monsters. As everyone knows, this is where the skill is brilliant. Zhou Zizhi's Zhu Po Shi Hua said: "It seems that writing a poem to Pingyuan is beyond your ability." Su Shi also said, "If you are old and familiar, it will be dull." It is most appropriate to use these two sentences to evaluate Du Fu's five poems.