On the night of September 15, a tropical depression formed in the southeast of Ryukyu, while the Pacific high continued to strengthen. Finally, the tropical storm "Van Nabi" was generated on the northwest Pacific Ocean on the night of September 15, and intensified into a strong tropical storm around June 1 1, and began to move northward. When Van Nabi landed in China, it had strengthened into a strong typhoon. Affected by typhoon and cold air mass, heavy rainfall occurred at the junction of 2 1 Xinyi, Maoming and Gaozhou. Maoming area is high in the north and low in the south, and inclines from northeast to southwest. The territory has complex topography, including mountains, hills, terraces, plain basins and rivers. The main mountain ranges are Yunkai Mountain in the north, Yunshan Mountain in the northeast and Goulou Mountain in Guangxi in the northwest. At the junction of southeast xinyi city and northeast Gaozhou, there is a mountain with an area of about 300 square kilometers and an altitude of 1000 meters, which hinders or weakens the invasion of cold air in the north. The main rivers are Jianjiang River and Huanghua River. Jianjiang River originates from the south of Wuyue Mountain in Zhusha Town, Xinyi City, and along the way, it gathers 26 tributaries with the rainwater collection area of each county (city, district) of our city 100 square kilometers, flows through Xinyi, Gaozhou, Huazhou and Maonan, and flows into the South China Sea at the Huang Po exit of Wuchuan City, Zhanjiang City. The main branches and tributaries of Jianjiang River all flow from north and northeast to south and southwest, which obviously cut and erode the topography of the whole area. Moreover, it is located in the transitional zone between the north tropical zone and the south subtropical zone, facing the mountains and facing the sea, with complex landform types, belonging to the tropical and subtropical monsoon climate zone. Because the land and sea are in the north-south direction, this area is affected by both continental and maritime climate. According to the terrain, it can be roughly divided into three types of terrain areas: northeast mountainous area, central hilly area and southern low platform plain. From the northern boundary of Xinyi, Dong Chi, Baishi, Dacheng, Magway, Guding and Yuntan in Gaozhou, the areas north of Dianbai Huangling, Luokeng, Huangsha and Wang Fu Town are mostly above 500 meters above sea level. This terrain provides terrain conditions for the formation of heavy rain and mountain torrents. Southwest Xinyi, central and western Gaozhou, and north-central Huazhou are located in the southwest of Yunkai Mountains, where the terrain fluctuates greatly and the height is mostly below 200 meters. And there are many enemy plains in the south. The accumulation of debris flow is very favorable. Moreover, this area is located in the southwest of Guangdong, and the soil composition is mainly latosol, mostly aluminum-rich and simple humic acid. It is characterized by large dispersion, small flocculation and unstable aggregates. In the case of sudden heavy rainfall, it is easy to form mudslides and quickly form accumulation areas.
The causes of the catastrophic flash floods in Zhouqu were more complicated. Zhouqu is located in the south of Gansu Province. Because of its special geographical conditions and geological structure, Zhouqu has always been three major geological disasters: landslide, earthquake and debris flow. Zhouqu area is a fold belt to the west of Qinling Mountains, with mountainous differentiation, high mountains and deep gullies, large slope between gullies and beds, severe weathering of rock mass, and loose and broken geological landforms, mostly soil mixed with charcoal ash, commonly known as yellow soil. This year, the Zhouqu area has vigorously developed its economy, and a large number of green vegetation has been cut down, and the land has been used for other purposes, making the originally fragile soil even less capable of storing water. At the same time? 5 12? Wenchuan earthquake loosened the mountain, which is Zhouqu? 5 12? One of the hardest hit areas of this earthquake, the mountain in Zhouqu is easy to loosen and collapse due to the earthquake, and it will take at least 3 to 5 years for the mountain to recover to the pre-earthquake level. Third, meteorological factors can not be ignored. In 20 10, most areas in China suffered from severe drought, which led to the shrinkage of rock mass and soil and the emergence of cracks. During heavy rainfall, rainwater easily enters mountain cracks, causing geological disasters. Instantaneous rainstorm and heavy rainstorm. Due to cracks in the rock mass, instantaneous rainstorm and heavy rainfall penetrate into the rock mass, leading to rock mass collapse, landslide and debris flow. Moreover, geological disasters are characterized by freedom, concealment, suddenness and destructiveness. This year, 1/3 of the national geological disasters occurred outside the monitoring point, which was very hidden and difficult to investigate. Finally, catastrophic mountain torrents broke out in Zhouqu, forming a valley-type viscous debris flow. Causing heavy personnel and property losses. Debris flow occurred in Tashan mining area of Shanxi Province in 20xx, and the contribution of excessive human activities to geological disasters was more obvious.
Show. At 8 o'clock on the morning of September 8, a mudslide occurred in Tashan mining area of Taosi Township due to heavy rain. The debris flow is about 600 meters wide and 3 kilometers long, which washed away a farmer's market and some houses in two downstream villages, resulting in dam failure of the tailing pond of Ta 'ershan Iron Mine. Xiangfen county is high in the east and low in the middle. There is Ta 'er Mountain in the east, which belongs to Taihang Mountain range, with an altitude of1493m, which is the highest peak in the county. It faces the foothills of Lvliang in the west, and the Fenhe River runs through it from north to south in the middle. Located in the east wing of the Loess Plateau, similar to Zhouqu, the soil composition is cinnamon soil, loessial soil, loessial soil and calcareous soil. The zonal distribution of soil and vegetation in mountainous areas is also very obvious. The climate is dry, precipitation is concentrated, vegetation is sparse, and soil erosion is serious. Loess has fine particles and soft soil, and has no resistance when it is attacked by heavy rainfall, which is easy to form standard debris flow. At the same time, in the debris flow in Tashan mining area, the collapse of tailings dam is the main cause of injury, otherwise this incident is just a general debris flow caused by sudden rainstorm, which will not lead to the tragedy of dozens of deaths and hundreds of missing people.
Looking at the above three events, it is an inevitable natural phenomenon to trigger the geological disaster of debris flow. In recent years, global warming and abnormal circulation have caused the snow line in the Himalayas to rise. The air mass activities in China are different from those in previous years, which explains the sudden increase in rainfall. However, in the process of debris flow formation, soil conditions are closely related to geological structure and geographical environment. Debris flow in Gaozhou area of Xinyi, Maoming, the rainstorm brought by typhoon landing is inevitable, and mountain torrents and mudslides broke out together. The debris flow in Zhouqu, Gansu Province, did not encounter stronger precipitation on August 8, but due to many historical geological structural reasons, the soil is extremely loose, and it is very easy to form a large debris flow on the pleasing terrain. In the debris flow disaster in Tashan mining area, Shanxi Province, human negligence in construction is the dominant factor. The above three sites are highly dependent on the mountain, and the soil water storage capacity of the mountain is not optimistic. Among them, the biggest commonality is the destruction of the natural environment caused by over-exploitation and utilization activities of human beings, which makes the natural environment sensitive and fragile, the ability to resist geological disasters is weakened, green vegetation is seriously lacking, and soil capacity is deteriorating.
All of the above are just discussions on the issues mentioned in the preface. There are many inaccuracies and inaccuracies in this book.
In order to ensure the life and property safety of teachers and students in our school, take emergency measures to deal with sudden disasters, ensure the personal and property safety of teachers and students in our school, create a safe environment in our school and create a safe campus, this emergency plan is specially formulated according to the actual situation of our school.
I. Guiding ideology
In order to implement the flood season work requirements of Youyang County Education Commission, to? Theory of Three Represents theory? Guided by important thoughts, we should implement people-oriented, strengthen leadership, clarify responsibilities, adhere to water control according to law and scientifically, and ensure the safety of teachers and students' lives and property in flood season.
Second, the leading body.
1, leading group
Team leader: Changzheng Zhang
Deputy Team Leader: Ran Guangchang
Members: Wu Shengyuan, Ran, Peng Hongmao, Yuan Dejun, Shi Xichuan, Ran Yu and all the class teachers and security guards.
2. Responsibilities:
(1) Fully grasp the news of floods, disasters and all kinds of dynamics, and submit important flood control information at the first time to ensure smooth information channels. Coordinate the relevant departments and units to do a good job in school flood control and emergency rescue, and do a good job in guiding the teaching activities of school disaster prevention and recovery. Check and supervise the implementation of flood control measures in schools, check and supervise the flood control safety in schools, maintain the normal teaching order in schools, and be responsible for flood control water and traffic for students.
Safety education, guidance and assistance to schools to do a good job in the evacuation of students in dangerous times. Timely understand and report the flood control situation of relevant schools, and provide flood control information to the superior flood control leading group.
(two) to be responsible for the safety of school buildings, and to guide and assist schools in the investigation and rectification of hidden dangers of school buildings. Responsible for closing and demolishing dangerous houses, ensuring the safety of teachers and students and putting an end to casualties.
(3) Responsible for assisting the school in disaster relief, assisting the affected school in arranging teachers and students, arranging teaching activities for teachers and students, and helping the school rebuild its campus.
(4) In addition to the above duties, all members are required to undertake the task of sudden flood control and disaster relief in case of emergency in the school. Make it clear that the responsibility lies with people, perform their duties and work together to ensure that the school flood control work is foolproof at a critical juncture. (5) Preventing floods and mudslides is a comprehensive primary task. Schools and teachers should carry forward the spirit of teamwork, rely on the joint defense between teachers and students, and work together from top to bottom to do a good job in flood control and disaster relief in our school.
Three. job objective
Ensure the personal and property safety of all teachers and students in our school during the flood season. Adhere to the spirit of being highly responsible to the party and the people, implement the leadership responsibility system of flood control schools, and deal with all kinds of sudden disasters and accidents in flood control work in schools quickly, timely and effectively. Take effective measures, based on the school, adhere to self-protection, self-help, disaster prevention and safety, and ensure the safety of our school during the flood season.
Four. Contents of emergency plan for flood control
1, when the rainfall reaches a certain standard, the leading group and person in charge of flood control work in each school must be in place, strengthen the duty, strictly implement the reporting system, adhere to the 24-hour duty and reporting system during the flood season, and keep a record of flood control duty, so as to give orders from the upper level and report to the lower level. In case of emergency or disaster, leaders and personnel on duty should report to the shift supervisor in time.
2. When the rainstorm strikes, the school should promptly report the collapse of the school building and the injuries of teachers and students to the flood control leading group, and the leading group will immediately report to the superior, and immediately report to the Li Xi Town Education Management Center to find out whether there are people trapped. If someone is found trapped, it is necessary to organize rescue as soon as possible, and do a good job in the rescue of the wounded and the transfer and resettlement of teachers and students. The school must stand firm? Safety first? Thought, conscientiously implement the responsibility system for safety work. We should pay special attention to prevent natural disasters such as floods, landslides and mudslides, strengthen close cooperation with relevant departments, grasp the disaster forecast in time, and formulate various safety measures and emergency plans during the flood season. Schools should conduct a comprehensive investigation immediately according to the characteristics of schools. Anyone with potential safety hazards should be transferred to a safe place for class immediately. Take emergency measures such as suspension of classes when necessary to ensure the safety of teachers and students. It is forbidden for schools to organize students to go out and major activities during the flood season. Schools should carry out targeted safety education for teachers and students in flood season through various forms, enhance their awareness of prevention and self-help and self-care ability, and prevent problems before they happen. When there is a flood disaster in the school, the flood control leading group should immediately contact the relevant departments to rush to the scene according to the disaster situation, and do a good job in the rescue, transfer and resettlement of the affected teachers and students.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) job requirements
(a) to effectively improve the understanding of the importance and urgency of school safety work in flood season, and firmly establish the awareness of flood control and disaster relief. Flood control is a political task, so we must strengthen the concept of discipline and obey orders and commands. When the disaster happens, the teaching staff of each school must be in place immediately and wait for orders. AWOL, disobeying orders, disobeying orders, ignoring the overall situation, causing losses; Those who are directly responsible for accidents caused by negligence in prevention, management and dereliction of duty in flood season and the main leaders of relevant units.
(two) in the flood season, to ensure the smooth implementation of government decrees, close coordination and cooperation, and jointly do a good job in school safety.
Work hard during the flood season.
(three) to understand the safety situation of school buildings and the traffic safety of students going to and from school. On the basis of comprehensive inspection, focus on key areas, key schools and key classrooms, and pay special attention to checking the hidden dangers in existing dangerous houses and new dangerous houses eroded by rain. For the existing security risks, effective measures should be taken according to different situations to eliminate and reinforce them in time. Those that have been identified as dangerous buildings should be resolutely closed and stopped. Schools that focus on monitoring geological disasters should organize special personnel to monitor. In case of emergency, it should be handled according to relevant regulations to ensure the personal safety and property safety of teachers and students.
(4) During the flood season, pay close attention to the weather changes. Once the weather changes suddenly or is notified by the superior, be sure to make emergency preparations in advance. Schools that have holidays during the flood season should strengthen the management of resident students and count the number of classes.
(five) do a good job in flood prevention publicity and safety knowledge education. It is necessary to take advantage of opportunities such as class exercises and early meetings to publicize the school flood prevention work to students, so that every student can know how to deal with the flood. Try to do it? Safety first, always be vigilant, nip in the bud and go all out to rescue? Ensure the safety of the school.
(six) to strengthen the duty and reporting system. During the early warning period, the leading group for flood control? Members and schools should attach great importance to it, earnestly take responsibility, monitor the water situation at any time, and deal with sudden dangers; Implement a 24-hour duty system. When necessary, prepare rescue teams, organize and deal with all kinds of sudden disasters, and report to the superior flood control leading group at the first time. Strictly implement the major accident reporting system. Once an accident happens, while taking effective measures to deal with it, report it to the higher education administrative department in time without delay or concealment.
(seven) to do a good job in the safety and security of the unit during the flood season, and effectively arrange the duty during the flood season.
The school duty arrangement in flood season should be reported in time.
Precautionary measures of intransitive verbs
1. Strengthen publicity to create a strong safety atmosphere during the flood season.
Hold a broadcast conference for teachers and students of the whole school to explain the safety knowledge and consciousness in flood season to teachers and students. Hold a class meeting on the theme of flood season, publish a special safety issue and blackboard newspaper in flood season, improve students' ideological level and enhance their safety awareness in flood season.
2. Arrange the school security personnel to investigate the potential safety hazards that are easy to cause floods on campus every day, and make investigation records. The leading group collects the investigation of the security section every day, so as to find and solve problems in time.
Pay close attention to the weather forecast every day and make preparations in advance.
Once there is a sudden flood, the school will immediately evacuate students, let them reach a safe place, report to their superiors, and get in touch with their parents in time.
Suggestions on rationalization of debris flow prevention and control Part III Leadership:
According to the provincial people's government? The document entitled "Experts from Chinese Academy of Sciences suggest paying close attention to the population distribution in debris flow-prone areas in China" was forwarded on the 3rd. Dozens of towns and villages in Bijie, Dafang, Nayong and Weining belong to debris flow-prone areas. As we know, the occurrence of landslides and debris flows is related to the local topography, strata and geological structure, followed by induced factors, such as earthquakes, rainfall and other natural incentives, as well as human-induced incentives such as ore mining, reservoir construction and highway infrastructure construction. Therefore, the occurrence of landslide and debris flow has a certain space and region, a certain probability and a certain intensity, and it is both accidental and inevitable. According to our 20-year experience in soil and water conservation, and the monitoring and early warning experience of several landslide points such as Dafang County, Bijie Linkou Weihe River and Weining Baiqiu. We believe that in order to effectively warn and prevent the occurrence of landslides and mudslides, we should do the following work well.
1, define the competent department of landslide and debris flow, and implement the responsibility of early warning monitoring management.
Prefectural committees and administrative offices may sign letters of responsibility with regional competent departments, implement responsibilities and strengthen the management of this work. For counties (cities) with more hidden dangers of landslides and mudslides, the county (city) government shall sign a letter of responsibility with them in accordance with the provisions of the centralized management department of the state to implement the responsibility for prevention and control.
The competent department at the regional level shall take the lead in formulating the prevention and control plan for landslides and mudslides at key high-risk monitoring points, and organize the implementation of prevention and control measures such as publicity and early warning. Establish a disaster emergency mechanism, do our best to reduce the occurrence of landslides and mudslides, or minimize the losses caused by disasters, and do everything possible to ensure the safety of people's lives and property.
2. Investigate the hidden dangers of landslides and mudslides in detail as soon as possible.
? Know yourself and know yourself, and fight every battle? To prevent the occurrence of landslide and debris flow disasters, we should first conduct a comprehensive survey of landslide and debris flow disasters, find out how many hidden dangers there are in Bijie area, whether there is a history of landslide and debris flow around it, and whether there are inducing factors such as mining, rock blasting and highway construction, and then organize relevant experts to conduct risk assessment respectively. Finally, targeted prevention and control measures can be formulated for prevention and control.
3, strengthen publicity and education, the implementation of group testing and prevention.
Education is divided into two aspects, one is to strengthen the awareness education of landslide and debris flow prevention, improve the ability of anti-skid and debris flow prevention, and the other is to publicize and popularize the scientific knowledge of landslide and debris flow prevention, so that everyone knows and understands it. Achieve the atmosphere of prevention and treatment by groups, constant observation, constant vigilance and constant vigilance. Discover the signs of landslides and mudslides in time to minimize the losses caused by disasters.
4, the promulgation of local laws and regulations, strictly limit the implementation of easily induced projects.
According to the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Soil and Water Conservation and related laws and regulations, local laws and regulations are promulgated to strictly limit the examination and approval of development and construction projects such as quarrying and mining and land reclamation on steep slopes in the region and its surrounding areas, and standardize the development and construction behavior from the source.
We should strengthen supervision over projects that have been approved for implementation, and we should not sacrifice the environment for immediate interests and create future generations. Therefore, water conservancy, soil and water conservation, land management, environmental protection and other law enforcement departments must increase the investigation and crackdown on related illegal acts and strictly enforce the law.
Especially, at present, a large number of coal mineral resources have been exploited in our region, and the exploitation of mineral resources is the biggest inducing factor of landslide in our region at present. Landslides, waste rocks, slag and other wastes have become the material basis for the formation of debris flows. It is necessary to ensure that there is no dumping of waste soil, waste water and sewage in coal mines and non-coal mines, and effectively eliminate the inducing factors.
5, combined with urbanization related projects, the implementation of ecological migration.
For those who are assessed as dangerous, remote, mountainous and steep areas that are not suitable for continuing to live, combine? New rural construction? 、? Small town construction? And other projects, people in dangerous areas will be moved to centralized resettlement areas in a planned and step-by-step manner, and the government can guide the transferred personnel to engage in the development of non-agricultural industries through project support and solve the livelihood problems of the transferred personnel.
Then these areas will be protected as ecological functional areas. If there are still hidden dangers that affect downstream safety, according to the government's financial capacity, the government will organize the masses to carry out governance in a planned way.
6, to ensure the funds needed for landslide and debris flow early warning and disaster prevention and mitigation.
The government should take this work as a major event, include the funds needed for this work in the fiscal budget at the same level, ensure the necessary funds, and equip the necessary vehicles, instruments and equipment. So that in case of danger or disaster, there are enough disaster relief funds.
7, strengthen the construction of professional and technical team, establish early warning and monitoring system.
The early warning, monitoring and emergency rescue of landslides and debris flows are highly professional. Only by strengthening training and learning in peacetime and constantly summing up experience in practice can we play its due role in wartime. At present, new technologies and equipment of GPS, GIS and satellite remote sensing have been widely used in early warning, monitoring and emergency rescue of landslides and mudslides. Therefore, we must keep up with the pace of the times, equip and train a professional technical team, and the early warning and monitoring of landslides and debris flows can play a role.
With such a professional team, we can investigate the hidden dangers of landslides and mudslides in detail, establish a spatial database, and use modern scientific means to effectively monitor and warn. Realize dynamic early warning and monitoring of landslides and debris flows, and standardize scientific management.
The above suggestions are just the opinions of our family. Please consider whether they are suitable.