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The historical development of Fang surname
Fang [Fang, Fang, pronounced]

Fang's family originated from Ji, Ji and Weng Gan.

Origin one

Originated from Jiang surname

According to the name of Lei Sun, the descendant of the ancient emperor Shennong, it was named after a feudal city. According to historical records such as "Customs" and "Shiben", it is said that Lei, the son of Shennong in ancient times, made great contributions in the battle between the Yellow Emperor and Chiyou, and was sealed in Fangshan (now in the north-central part of Henan, starting from Longmen in Luoyang in the west and extending to Songshan in Mi County in the east, stretching over Yichuan, Yanshi, Gongyi, Dengfeng, Xingyang and Mi County. Because Lei Fang's family "sealed Fangshan Mountain with merits" when the Yellow Emperor was in ancient times, and the base of the Yellow Emperor was mainly in Henan, this branch of Lei Fang's family originated from Songshan Mountain in Henan.

Liu Yuan 2

Originated from Ji surname

(1) from the official residence of the Western Zhou Dynasty, with the official title as the surname. Fang Shixiang, according to legend, was a good witch doctor after Mo Mu in the Yellow Emperor period. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, a special official was set up, which was subordinate to the Xia Department and was responsible for expelling plagues and ghosts. The classic "Shimonoseki, Zhou Li" records: "Fang homesick, palm covered with bear skin, four eyes of gold, mysterious clothes and businessmen, holding Levin shield, is beneficial and difficult to do, and uses the room to drive away the epidemic." In the late Spring and Autumn Period, with people's gradual understanding of many natural phenomena, Fang's witchcraft and medicine gradually separated and gradually opposed. Fang's official position gradually disappeared at the end of the Warring States period. Among Fang's descendants, those who take their ancestors' official titles as their surnames are called Fang. Later, it was simplified to a single surname Fang and Xiang.

(2) From the late Western Zhou Dynasty, after the doctor, its ancestors were named. According to historical records such as Yuan He's Genealogy and Tongzhi Genealogy, there was a physician named Ji in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, who made great contributions to the conquest, especially to quell the rebellion in South Man Jing. To this end, the cube is Luo (now Luoyang, Henan). Among the descendants of my uncle, some take their ancestral surname as their surname, which has been passed down from generation to generation, and history calls it authentic.

Liu Yuan 3

From an official position

(1) from the Western Zhou Dynasty official alchemist, belonging to the official title as the surname. The alchemist, an official title established in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, was subordinate to the Taiwei government office and was in charge of the prison proceedings in the fief of the royal children and officials. Sometimes it is necessary to mediate disputes between fiefs. It is recorded in the classic "Zhou Li Autumn Official's Family" that "Fang began to take charge of the capital, listened to the words of his prison lawsuit, and distinguished his death." Among the descendants of the alchemist, those who took the ancestral official title as their surname were called Fang.

(2) Fang Bo, an official in the pre-Qin period, was named after his official position. In ancient times, the leaders of various governors were called "Fang Bo". From the Warring States period, the chief executive of a state under the county system was called Fang Bo, and it was not until after the Eastern Han Dynasty that he was renamed the secretariat, but people still respected him as Fang Bo. In the Tang Dynasty, people called the visiting and observing ambassadors who were instructed by the emperor to visit Fang Bo as visiting ambassadors. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, he was called Fang Bo. Generally speaking, in the past dynasties, the chief executive of an administrative region was generally called Fang Bo. Among Fang Bo's descendants, there are those who take their ancestors' official titles as their surnames, which are called Fang Bo's. Later, it was simplified to a single surname Fang.

(3) It comes from Fang Shang's family, an official of the Qin Dynasty, and belongs to the official title of surname. Fang Shangjia was an official post established in the Qin Dynasty, and was not called "Fang Shang", "Shang Feng" or "Shang Feng". The supreme official, known as Fang Shangling, is a very important functional organization, whose main responsibility is to be responsible for the production of imperial goods in the court. Shangfangling is under the jurisdiction of Tianguan government department. Under it, there are two disciples, two disciples and six disciples, and there is a separate craftsman department with several craftsmen and service history. Among the descendants of the Fangshang family, there are those who take their ancestors' official titles as surnames, which are called the Fangshang family. In later provinces, they were simplified to the single surnames of Fang Shi and Staff Sergeant.

Origin four

Originated from Weng's family, it was divided after the descendants of Weng's family in Putian, Fujian during the late Tang Dynasty. Belong to the elders and give the surname as the surname. Changing Weng's surname is another source of Fang's surname. Weng surname is also a branch of Ji surname. According to Yuan He's compilation and records, in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the descendants of the Wang Zhao branch were sealed in Wengshan (now the east of Dinghai County, Zhejiang Province), and later took the city name "Weng" as their surname. During the period of Tang Dezong, a branch of Weng's family, He Gong, entered Pupu from the Central Plains, and Buju Puyang Xingfuli (now North Gaozhu Village in Putian) was the ancestor, which was introduced into the fifth generation and gave birth to Weng Gan. In Fujian (936), Weng Gan paid a visit to the doctor, married Chen, and gave birth to six sons, named Hong, Jiang, Weng, Fang, Gong and Wang, all of whom were Jinshi, and were called "Fang" in history. The eldest son is thick, and the word "bo" starts. He was a scholar in the first year of Stegosaurus in Song Taizu, and Yuan Wailang was the official of Libu. The second son, Gong Chu, the word Bo Qian, was a scholar in the second year of Yongxi, Song Taizong, and the official worshipped the state's Facao; Sanzi is changeable, and the word is "Jane". In the first year of Stegosaurus in Song Taizu, he was listed as a scholar with his eldest brother, and he was a second lieutenant in Jiannan. The fourth son was a scholar in Kaibao for six years, and his official position was Cao Chang, and later he changed his surname to Fang. The fifth son is honest, with the word "Job". Song Taizu Kaibao has been in the same column as the four brothers for six years, and the official is in Dali, supervising the empire; Six sons retire, and the word "Bo Rong". In the second year, Song Yongxi was listed as a scholar with his second brother, and the official worshipped the court and scattered the lang, and the few States passed the sentence. These six brothers are all listed scholars, and their status is very noble, and they have the reputation of "Six Gui Lian Square".

Origin five

Originated from Manchu, it belongs to Han culture and changed its surname to surname. According to the historical book A Brief History of Tongzhi Clans in Qing Dynasty and Manchu Eight Banners Surnames, Fang Jiashi, a Manchu, was captured by the Wuhuan Department of Xianbei in Liaodong at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and then gradually evolved into a jurchen in Liaodong, living in Fengtian (now Shenyang, Liaoning). After the middle of the Qing dynasty, the Han surname was the square.

Liu Yuan

Originated from other ethnic minorities, among the Dai, Hui, Tujia, North Korea, Gaoshan, Zhuang and other ethnic minorities, Fang changed his surname from Han to Japanese. Most of their sources come from the policy of imprisonment implemented by the central government in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties and the movement of returning to the motherland passed down from generation to generation. Fang Xuan: the ancestor of Dongyi, a scholar in the eighth year of Tang Dazhong, was a magistrate and official. , Chen, Feng Shuoren, presented to Mrs. Yingchuan County. According to the whole spectrum, Jue Chu lived in Henan Food City, moved to Gwangju and was born in Gushi. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, he moved from Runan and was born in yi county Hou and Chu. He is also from Zhou Mu. He married Jin Fujun from Gushi and was buried in Li Changtai, sitting in the sea, fearing that future generations would chase him. Fang was born in Shangrao, Jiangxi. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Fang Yi, the governor of Danyang County, moved from Henan to Dongxiang, Shexian County, Anhui Province (now Chun 'an, Zhejiang Province) because of Wang Mang's usurpation of power, and became the co-ancestor of all the schools in Yan Hui and even in the south of the Yangtze River. The second biography was completed for storage, and its descendants propagated in Yan, Wu, Yue, Jiujiang, Chuyang, Putian, Hui, Xuan, Chi, Xiu, Hu and Chang. There are three sons in the shop. After the eldest son, he traveled to Hu, Chang, Yin, Chu, Renhe, Nanhai, Putian, Xinghua and Jiujiang, and Putian was the most prosperous. Secondly, it was widely spread after Ziyi and Ji Zihong. Fang, who lived in Shedong Town and the traffic hub in Zhejiang during the Han and Tang Dynasties, was mainly descended from Yi and Hong. Fang is a noble family and one of the eight surnames in Huizhou. Fang is the third surname of Shexian County, and Chun 'an is 1. During the Han and Tang Dynasties, there were 3 1 person above Hou Bo. Until modern times, thousands of celebrities came forth in large numbers. There are mainly Fang Chu, a famous minister in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the leader of the peasant uprising in the Tang Dynasty, Fang Gan, a talented scholar in the Tang Dynasty, Fang La, a writer, a poet Fang Hui, a medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty, a famous ink painter Fang, a writer and dramatist in the Qing Dynasty, Fang Haiquan, a contemporary master of "The First Knife of China", a famous philosopher and a famous poet. The earliest Fang surname who moved to Putian, Fujian Province was Quanzhou, the official of the Tang Dynasty, and later lived in Fangshan, Putian. Later generations called Fangshan Fang. In the late Tang dynasty, another relocation party was named Fang Guan Changle, an ancient man, and was named Dr. Jin Ziguang Road. He gave birth to seven sons, six of whom were officials, and they were called Liugui Lianfang. Zunfang Fanting is Liu Gui's father, and his descendants are called Jin Zi Liu Guifang. Liu Guitang is the house number of some families who have emigrated. During the Song and Ming Dynasties, the imperial examination of Putian Fangjia was unprecedented, with more than 360 subjects (Jinshi and Juren). In Song Dynasty, there were 28 fathers and sons, 26 brothers and 32 scholars/kloc-0, ranking first among all surnames in Putian. According to Putian County Records, from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, Putian. It ranks second. Of the six books in Putian history, three were written by Fang. The famous library buildings of Fangjia in Song Dynasty are: Fangjia Building, Baidu Wanjuan Building, Jingtang Hall, Fangzheng Library, Fangyubao Trilingual Studio and tens of thousands of books. Among them, Baijuanlou had more than 50,000 books, which was the largest library in China at that time. Due to the grand occasion of the imperial examination, many nationalities served as officials abroad, and their descendants settled in other places, most of which were in Guangdong, of which Huilai County had 65,438+0.7 million square meters. Putian has therefore become another important birthplace of Fang's migration after Gushe County. The Fang family in Putian has a prosperous business. The main celebrities are: Fang Yiqing, a bibliophile in Song Dynasty, Fang Xinru, a famous official, Fang Dacong, a calligrapher of Neo-Confucianism, Fang Ai, a famous doctor in Yuan Dynasty, and Fang Fang, an official in Ming Dynasty. During the Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties, the Fang surname of Putian was unprecedented in the imperial examination and ranked among the best in Putian surnames. Because of a large number of imperial examinations, the Fang surname of Putian changed from the top surname of Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties to the small surname of Putian. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Fang became an official in Changle, and later chose to live in Erythrina Lane, Putian, Fujian, and renamed it Fang Lane. Fang has six sons, all of whom are Jinshi. Many emigrant tribes of the Fang family thought surnamed tang, such as Fuqing Fang and Dongguan Fang. Most of the Fang families in Chaoshan and Guangfu in Guangdong moved from Putian. Fang's ancestor who moved to Hainan was Fang Shibin, a native of Putian, Fujian. He was a scholar in the Ming Dynasty and spent six years in Zhengde. 15 1 1 year joined Qiongzhou from Putian, and the fourth brother was Shide. In the early Song Dynasty, Weng's family created the miracle of "six squares", which played an important role in promoting the imperial examination fever in Putian County. However, their premature migration also affected the prosperity of Fang and Weng in Putian.

The Fang family in Liyang, Guilin was born in the second year of Qingyuan in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 196). Fang, a scholar, was appointed as Liyang Order and was buried in Liyang. His grandson Shao Zong has been guarding Li's tomb for more than 800 years. The General Ancestral Hall Dunmu Hall is located in Guilin Village, Tianmu Lake in 5A scenic spot, and descendants of Guiyigong live in Guilin, Lower Guilin and Sha Fei. The descendants of Duke Gui lived in Yangzhuang, Du Nan, Daibu, Yixing, Jintan and Jurong in the north of the city. The descendants of Gui Wugong live in Guilin; The descendants of Gui Sangong live in Xinjian, Yixing City, Xiang Yang and Liyang, Du Nan. The Fang family in Tongcheng (now Tongcheng and Zongyang) mainly has three branches, namely, Guilin Fang family and Lu Gu public houses, namely, Orion Fang family and Gong Hui Fang family. Tongcheng Fangjia is famous for its ancient prose, with a long history of hundreds of years. They are the people who have made the greatest contribution to China's academic culture and morality since the middle of Ming Dynasty. Tongcheng Fangjia pushed the cultural tradition of Fangjia's poetry ceremony to the peak and made great contributions to the fame of Fangjia. Up to now, there are many famous scholars in Tongcheng, such as Fang Xiangxue, Fang Dazhen, Fang Kongying, a poet, Fang Yizhi, a thinker, Fang Zhongde, a mathematician, Fang Zhongtong, a scholar and a poet. Painters and painters Fang Hengxian, Fang Shiju and Fang Zhenguan, the ancestor of Tongcheng School, writer and water conservancy expert Fang Guancheng, literary theorists Fang Zongcheng, Fang Shoudun, important figures in the Republic of China, philosopher, writer Fang Lingru, poet Fang, scholar Fang Yide (Shu Wu) and journalist Fang Yide. Tongcheng Fangjia not only created a profound study of Tongcheng Fangjia, but also created Tongcheng School which dominated the literary world of Qing Dynasty for more than 200 years. Liang Shiqiu told Tongcheng Fang, a world-famous scholarly family: "Tongcheng Fang Shi's popularity may be second only to Qufu Kong's." Zhu Yizun said: Fang's talent is abundant, rooted in ten thousand people, and Mr. Mingshan is the true source. Southeast scholars, push the ambition also. Contemporary scholars have said that Tongcheng Fangjia is the family that has the greatest influence on China culture after Qufu Kongshi, and it is the swan song of China cultural family. In the book "The Cultural Family that has Influenced China for a Hundred Years", Tongcheng Fangshi is known as the second largest cultural family in China. Historically, Fang's surname originated in Henan and spread around with Guhuizhou as the center. It is a typical southern surname, with southeast provinces as the population center, among which Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Jiangsu and Henan are the most, followed by Fujian, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, Taiwan Province, Hainan, Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Shaanxi, Northeast China and Shandong. Other densely populated counties and cities include liyang city in Jiangsu, Xiao Yun, Putian in Fujian, Chun 'an in Zhejiang, Tonglu, Tongcheng, Zongyang, Shexian, Pingjiang in Hunan and Puning in Guangdong. The Fang family in Wenyang, South Korea, moved from Henan in the Central Plains in the Tang Dynasty, with a population of over 65,438+10,000, and then moved. In the Ming Dynasty, Fang Xiaoru refused to draft an imperial edict for the usurper Judy, and was killed by the tyrant, and more than 800 people were killed. The number of people exiled is as high as 10 thousand. This is the biggest disaster in Fang's history. Many members of the Fang family fled to all parts of the country, and many others escaped from the magic capital. It accounts for 0.59 in the whole country, and the Yuan Dynasty ranks 28th as the most popular surname. There were 49 in the Ming Dynasty, with a population of about 440,000. Accounting for 0.47% of the country. According to the latest statistics, the contemporary population of Fang surname ranks 63rd in China, accounting for 0.36% of the country. Wang Jun

Dunmu Hall, Ya Dun Hall, Dunben Hall, Dunyi Hall, Dunlun Hall, Dunxu Hall, Dunhou Hall, Henan Hall, Liugui Hall, Libentang Hall, Lunxu Hall, Liugengtang Jule Hall, Yongsi Hall, Daxun Hall, Youqing Hall Yongxi Hall, Baiyun Hall, Faxiang Hall, Mercy Hall and Zhuangyi Hall.

Kaifeng County: Liyang, Yixing, Jintan, Jurong and Nanjing in Jiangsu, Chun 'an, Tonglu, Huzhou, Deqing, Hangzhou and Fuyang in Zhejiang, Guangde, Huizhou (Huangshan) and Qimen in Anhui.

Henan County: In the second year of Emperor Gaozu (205 BC), it was changed to Sanchuan County and was located in Luoyang (now northeast of Luoyang City, Henan Province). Xin 'an County, which was newly established (now Chun 'an, Zhejiang Province), moved to Shexian County, Anhui Province.

branch

Tongcheng school

The founder is Fang Bao, a master of ancient Chinese prose. Tongcheng Prose School dominated the literary world of Qing Dynasty for more than 200 years. Fang, Fang Zongcheng, et al.

Tongcheng fangshi school

Founder Fang, master Fang Yizhi. The research of Fang's seven generations has formed a profound system of Yi-ology, which is the pioneer of modern Yi-ology.

Red Gate (also known as Red Gang)

Founder: Fang Dahong, the "Five Ancestors of Hong Men", and Fang Huicheng, the "Five Ancestors of Hong Men". Anti-Qing organizations that have influenced for hundreds of years.

Shaolin White Crane Boxing

Founder Fang Qiniang is one of the five ancestral boxing in South Shaolin, also known as Yongchun Boxing, which has great influence in Fujian, Guangdong and other overseas countries.

Shaolin longitudinal crane boxing

Founder Fang Weishi is a martial arts expert. Zonghe Boxing is a branch of Baihe Boxing, which is popular in Fujian and Taiwan Province.

Shaolin square gate boxing

Founder Fang Shunyi created it according to the characteristics of Shaolin rigid boxing and small door. Popular in Chengdu, Chongqing, Deyang, Leshan and other places in Ziyang, Sichuan, Fang's word generation: "The imperial court wants to be an official and learn from the Ming Dynasty. It started from Thailand and has been working hard.

Anhui Taihu Fang Ci generation: "One Germany donates some to pass on the past".

Anhui Tianchang Fang Ci generation: "Gao Lun ordered Shao Fa to travel to Dun".

Anhui Fuyang Fang Ci generation: "delay a son to build a school".

Anhui Shucheng Fang Ci generation: "Ren Maode in Liangcun has a long way to go in Xiu Yuan."

The square character was written in Shouxian County, Anhui Province: "De Mao Qing County Guohua".

In Hefei, Anhui, the word generation is "beauty, kindness, openness, righteousness, filial piety, passing on the family line, virtue and ability".

Anhui Fei Nanfang's ci generation: "A large number of generations delay, the group shows the right family, and filial piety becomes the first virtue."

Anhui Tongcheng dialect word generation: "Shide Yan Zeng Yuan".

Xu and Fang in Zongyang, Anhui: "Sincerely teach this branch, named Li Xun Dong".

A word generation of the Fang family in Anhui: "Always inherit the ancestral business, have a virtuous family, make great achievements, show filial piety and celebrate civilization".

Jiangxi Jiujiang Fangjia: "Zhonghe Hengshou Changping".

In Tanghe, Henan Province, the word generation: "Bao Wen De Chang, Xian Da Heng, Shou Xian Zhi, Shou Xin Yi, Ming Zhi".

Henan Luoshan Fangzi generation: "Sincerity, sincerity, thinking, harmony, ambition, Zuji, you ……".

Hunan Shaoyang Fang Ci generation: "One Ze stretches for thousands of miles".

Hunan Yueyang dialect word generation: "Virtue comes first □□□□□ Yun Hong".

Guangxi Hengxian Fang Ci generation: "□□□□□□□□ What is your mystery?"

Hunan Linxiang Fang Ci generation: "Yun Yong carries on the family line, is filial and virtuous, has made great contributions, and hopes to return first."

On behalf of Hanchuan, Hubei Province, the square character says, "A famous heir should inherit the business first."

Fang's word stands for: "If you stay in the industry, your morality, literature and art will be improved in an all-round way."

One word on behalf of Fang: Cheng Zhe Kuang Fu Zong.

Fang's word generation: "Yan Liang astronomy is a country that must be a big country, and Hongde's ancestors are always prosperous."

Fang's word generation: "Rong Huazhang shows wealth".

Fang's "Bengbu Ci Dai": "Virtue is the foundation of music and filial piety".

Jiangxi people, the word generation Fang: "Yi Ming Xian".

The word generation of Jiangsu Mingjiao Fang: "Morality, keeping the family heirloom".

The square character was written in Tongshan, Hubei Province: "Zhifu Zhao, the home is red feather building".

Fang's inaction in Wuhu, Anhui Province: Jia Lu Tong Tai Xian Heng has a record of founding the country.

Fang's word generation is Huanggang, Hubei Province: Ben, Ben Pei, a 20-volume genealogy of the National Fang's Yingshan Temple Fair in Liushan Town, edited by Fang Shanzu and Fang Dacheng (Qing Dynasty), a woodcut movable type printed edition in the 18th year of Qing Qianlong (A.D. 1753). Now it is collected in Tokyo National Museum in Japan and Utah Genealogy Society in the United States.

The Genealogy of Tianjin Baodi Fangs, a volume, (Qing) Shi Xiu, a woodcut movable-type printing in the ninth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1870). Now it is collected in the library of Renmin University.

Fang's Genealogy in Qingpu, Shanghai, continued by Fang in Qing Dynasty, edited by Fang, and two volumes of woodcut movable type books in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. Now it is collected in Shanghai Cultural Relics Bureau.

The Genealogy of Fang Family on Ci Dongfang Weir in Cixi, Zhejiang consists of seven volumes. The first volume is edited by Tong (Republic of China), and the eighth volume is a movable type printed by Yutang woodcut in the 20th year of the Republic of China (A.D. 193 1). Now it is collected in the National Library of China and Tianyige Cultural Relics Management Office in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province.

Yang Fang's genealogy in Fenghua, Zhejiang has four volumes, which was revised by Zheng Zheng in the Republic of China. In the 14th year of the Republic of China (AD 1925), it was printed with woodcut movable type. Now it is collected in the Cultural Relics Administration of Fenghua County, Zhejiang Province.

The Genealogy of Fangs in Fenghua Bridge, Zhejiang Province, with ten volumes, was edited by Fang Ruzhou (Republic of China), and in the 29th year of the Republic of China (A.D. 1940), the woodcut movable type printed version of Daxuntang was published. Now it is collected in the National Library of China. Note: The book is called Genealogy of Fang Family in Jingmen.

Fang Weishan (Republic of China), Fang Xirang rebuilt and published in the 23rd year of the Republic of China (A.D. 1934), the Genealogy of Fang's Grain Relocation in Luotian County, Jiaxing County, Zhejiang Province, consists of three volumes. It is now in Jiaxing Library, Zhejiang Province.

The Genealogy of Fangbian in Deqing, Zhejiang Province consists of four volumes, rebuilt by Fang Yunquan and Fang (Qing Dynasty), and printed by woodcut in the thirty-second year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1906). Now it is collected in the office of repaying in Deqing County, Zhejiang Province.

Fang's genealogy in Shexian County, Anhui Province is a woodcut movable type printed book. Now it is collected in the National Library of China.

Fang's genealogy in Shexian County, Anhui Province, which is to be determined by the author, is a woodcut movable type print in Qing Dynasty. Now it is collected in anhui library.

There are 20 volumes of genealogy in front of Shexian County, Anhui Province. The first volume was continued by the state in the Republic of China. In the 20th year of the Republic of China (A.D. 193 1), Dunbentang printed seven volumes of woodcut movable type. Now it is collected in the library of Hebei University.

The Fang Family Tree of China, which is to be determined by the author, is a woodcut movable type printed version of Ming Dynasty. Now it is collected in Huizhou Museum, Anhui Province.

Fangjia Genealogy is a volume, the author of which is to be determined, and it is a woodcut movable type printed version of Ming Dynasty. Now it is collected in Peking University Library.

National Sheye Fangshi continued to compile four volumes of genealogy, compiled by Fiona Fang in Ming Dynasty, and printed by woodcut movable type in Ming Dynasty. Now it is collected in the National Library of China.

China Fangjia Genealogy, Previous Collection and Later Collection is a woodcut movable type printed edition of Ming Dynasty, and the author is to be determined. Now it is collected in the National Library of China.

There are six volumes of China West Genealogy edited by Fang Lanfen (Qing Dynasty) and six volumes of woodcut movable type printed in the 21st year of Qing Daoguang (A.D. 184 1). Now it is collected in the National Library of China.

There are four volumes of Fang's genealogy in China, and four volumes of movable-type woodcut prints of Chongben Temple in the eighth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (AD 1869). Now it is collected in the National Library of China.

Fang's Genealogy consists of eight volumes, the first volume and the second volume, which were compiled by Fang Denan and others in Qing Dynasty. In the 13th year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1874), there were ten woodcut movable type printed editions of Dunyitang. Now it is collected in the National Library of China and Peking University Library.