More than 200 years ago, Ke, a student of Saint Mencius, wrote an article, which became the earliest forum devoted to education in China and even in the world.

This is a book of learning.

Later, it was included in the Book of Rites and became a classic chapter of the Four Books and Five Classics.

STEAM course is a popular international course in recent years, which originated from German comprehensive education more than 100 years ago. It is a course integrating science, technology (engineering), art (fine arts) and mathematics.

Through the comparative study of the two, we find that the educational thoughts of ancient people in China and modern people in the west are surprisingly consistent in the field and interdisciplinary education, which also brings a lot of enlightenment to today's quality education.

1 First of all, the book of learning.

Although the full text of Xueji is only 1229 words, its content is quite rich, in-depth and concise.

It systematically and comprehensively summarizes the educational experience of China in the pre-Qin period from the aspects of the purpose and function of education, the system, principles and methods of education and teaching, the position and function of teachers, and the relationship between teachers and students in the teaching process.

There are many educational thoughts, which still seem to have strong guiding and guiding significance.

For example, when talking about the status and role of education, Xue Ji said: "Jade is rough and abrasive; People don't learn or know.

It was the late king who founded the country and founded the people and put education first.

Jade must be carved to become an object; People who are unlearned and ignorant don't know the truth.

Therefore, in order to establish a country and rule the people, the ancient kings should first set up schools and conduct education.

It can be seen that in the Warring States period, the concept of "rejuvenating the country through education" has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

For example, the current quality education attaches great importance to students' independent education, and some schools regard excellent students as "little teachers" and want to give lectures to their classmates on stage.

Teachers often encourage students to ask questions and answer each other. In this way, education will become longer and the knowledge will be deepened.

In this regard, I wrote in the book "Learning": "I don't know enough because of learning, but I am trapped because of teaching.

If you don't know enough, then reflect, know that you are sleepy, and then you can make yourself stronger.

So teaching and learning learn from each other.

"

It means that you can know your own shortcomings by studying and feel confused by teaching others.

Knowing your own shortcomings in learning, you can in turn be strict with yourself; Only when you are confused can you study tirelessly.

Therefore, teaching and learning complement each other.

And the list goes on.

For example, in teaching methods, learning records advocate heuristic learning, "so the teaching of a gentleman is metaphorical."

Tao leads, strong and restrained, and becomes a Buddha. "

In other words, teachers teach others for inspiration and guidance.

Do not guide, do not guide, do not encourage, do not suppress students, guide the learning path, and do not directly tell students the answer.

So, what does Xueji say in interdisciplinary education? Please have a look-

The son of Yoshino must be Qiu; A son with a good bow must learn how to use a basket; Instead, the car is in front of the horse.

A gentleman learns by observing the third.

Ancient people are uglier than things, drums are not worth five tones, and five tones will not be harmonious. Water is equal to five colors, and five colors are not a chapter; The five senses are not learned, but chronic; Learn from Five Blessingg and get married.

To learn from his father's superb technology and learn from the son of a skilled metallurgical worker, we must first learn to sew fur coats. The son of a skilled shooter must learn to knit first. The person who trains the pony will turn around first and let the horse follow the car.

Through these three things, a gentleman can do a good job in education if he understands the principle of going from shallow to deep, practicing repeatedly and step by step.

Ancient scholars can compare the same kind and draw inferences from others.

Drum is different from pentatonic scale, and there must be drums in pentatonic scale to be harmonious; Water is different from five colors, but five colors must be in harmony with the water phase in order to appear bright and beautiful; Learning is not equal to the five senses. A teacher who can manage the five senses only through learning and training is not equal to his parents, but without the teacher's teaching, people will not know the intimate relationship of the five senses.

In this way, learning records also advocate that learning is a kind of heuristic teaching that bypasses and extrapolates, allowing students to explore independently, find problems, solve problems and acquire knowledge through exploration.

Isn't this the quality education advocated today?

Look at many popular STEAM courses in international schools.

In the west, teaching has long been based on disciplines. According to the division of departments and blocks, teachers, like railway police, manage each section.

The problems in real life and production are not just a certain subject, but often interdisciplinary.

As a result, although students have learned professional knowledge, they cannot use it comprehensively to solve practical problems.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Germany began to try to integrate some related subjects into a wider common field curriculum according to students' interests, hobbies or the need to solve practical problems in certain fields.

This interdisciplinary course is conducive to cultivating students' broad cognitive vision, improving their knowledge integration ability and enabling them to solve practical problems comprehensively.

With the success of joint science education, curriculum has become the trend of western education curriculum reform, which also constitutes the theoretical basis of STEAM curriculum.

The rapid development of STEAM courses comes from the United States.

From 65438 to 0986, the National Science Council published the report "Undergraduate Science, Mathematics and Engineering Education", which is considered to be the beginning of STEM curriculum in the United States.

Since then, American educational circles have begun to explore the integration of science, technology and mathematics into one course, namely STEM course.

On June 5438+ 10, 2006, then US President Bush published the American Competitiveness Plan. One of the goals of education in the era of knowledge economy is to cultivate talents with STEM literacy, which is regarded as the key to world competitiveness.

Since then, the investment in STEM education in the United States has been increasing, and STEM education before university has become one of the most important tasks in the United States.

STEM curriculum is based on STEM curriculum, and it is integrated with art, which makes the curriculum more perfect and can better meet the needs of talents' comprehensive literacy in the new era.

In recent years, with the increase of high-end private K 12 international schools and training institutions, the STEAM package is very popular in China.

The 13th Five-Year Plan for Education Informatization issued by the Ministry of Education on 20 16 clearly points out that information technology should be fully used to promote the construction of "space for heroes to create" and explore new educational models such as STEM education and maker education.

Compared with traditional courses, the STEAM course has the following features and advantages-

1, curiosity, willingness to participate and practical ability are its three core factors.

Different from the traditional cramming course, STEAM course advocates teachers and students to go out of the classroom and conduct heuristic and guided teaching.

In this process, teachers only play the role of guidance and answering questions, and students are the main body of learning.

Students need autonomous learning, which requires curriculum design and teacher education, which can stimulate students' curiosity and enthusiasm for new knowledge.

At the same time, the STEAM course focuses on cultivating students' practical ability and problem-solving ability.

For example, the STEAM course of Vanke Meisha Education focuses on sailing and rowing, so that children can explore and learn independently in the actual training process, thus improving their scientific literacy, hands-on ability and practical problem-solving ability.

2. Teachers are promoters of learning, learn to inspire others, and inspire and stimulate children's creativity.

The design concept of STEAM course is: enthusiasm is learning and infection, and creativity is the key to learning.

When students learn what they don't have or don't know, teachers will actively encourage them to break down learning barriers and barriers between disciplines.

Therefore, the role of the teacher in the STEAM class has changed from simple teaching to minister of education.

In addition to teaching, teachers need to keep learning in the classroom, learn from children's creativity, improve children's scientific literacy, and in turn stimulate children's greater enthusiasm and creativity.

However, there are many problems in the implementation of the STEAM course for China.

Mainly manifested in-

1, plagiarizing foreign courses, and its own system is not deep.

The idea of STEAM course is to advocate children's interdisciplinary learning, attach importance to the connection between learning and the real world, complement and support each other among disciplines, cultivate skills and cognition in all directions, and emphasize children's independent exploration spirit.

However, in many K 12 schools and training institutions in China, the so-called STEAM courses are mostly copied from foreign models, without their own system and depth, and they are just patchwork scientific experiments and educational contents.

For example, maker education can start from small production, but some institutions mistake insect carving skills for technological innovation.

Nowadays, the popular robot education institutions on the market are basically imported hardware sets from abroad, which together are happy boxes. There is no ability training system behind it, and it is basically high-end toys.

In addition, there are institutions that directly purchase foreign courses and hardware, and have not updated or developed them for several years, but they do not know that the courses and hardware have been abolished abroad.

2. Lack of teachers leads to paying attention to classes and neglecting extracurricular activities; Empty talk about theory and neglect practice.

Although some K 12 schools have opened the STEAM course, in the specific implementation process, the teachers' ideas have not kept up. "Although the shell of STEAM is used, it is actually a set of traditional education."

Especially in physics, chemistry and other experimental disciplines, teachers often write down the feelings of "teachers do, students watch" for fear that children will destroy experimental equipment and instruments and cause experimental safety accidents.

Of course, some resistance also comes from parents.

Some parents think that spending money to send their children to school means learning knowledge. If the teacher takes the children to play regularly, or to play, it will waste the children's study time.

This is also a cognitive error. Since the purpose of learning knowledge is to use it, if children can't apply knowledge to social practice, what is the use of learning more theories?

In this respect, some educational ideas of Xue Ji have inspired us.

In order to really blossom and bear fruit in K 12 education in China, we think that we can use Xue Ji's educational idea to transform the STEAM course and develop a real educational model of combining Chinese and Western.

1, the STEAM course will incorporate elements of China traditional culture.

This should be the meaning of the China question in the STEAM course.

China's history, national conditions and the development of folk culture are comparable to those of the West and the United States. In order to take root in China's STEAM course and cultivate a leader in the new era with "international vision and China soul", we must learn from foreign advanced practices, base ourselves on China's national conditions and integrate the traditional cultural elements of China to design a STEAM course suitable for China children.

2. In the STEAM course, the status of teachers and students is the same, and the main role of teachers is learning, not teaching.

According to Yukime, "Those who sing well should follow the voice;" Good at teaching, make people carry on the family line.

What he said is also a metaphor of his word, which is subtle and rare, and it can be said that he is determined to win.

"Good singer, please sing together. If you can teach others, you should guide students to obey him consciously.

Teachers' courses must be simple, clear, concise and perfect. There are not many examples, but they can explain the problem.

In this way, students can follow him consciously.

STEAM course also attaches importance to inspiring ability and students' spontaneous learning.

But how can teachers inspire children to learn independently and stimulate their interest in learning? "Only those who sing well can sing well" means that teachers must have excellent theoretical knowledge and practical skills before you can excel.

On the other hand, many teachers in China now use outlines and books to teach. If you throw away the book, you will become stupid.

Such a teacher can't cope with the steam class.

Therefore, teachers should first make themselves students and strengthen their study. You should be like the "top student" who has won the first place in the class for many years, taking everyone to study together, instead of condescending "preaching".

3, STEAM course, truly teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, personalized teaching according to the characteristics of students.

There is a cloud in the Book of Learning: "Today's teachers groan, listen more, mention more, ignore their safety, don't make people feel sincere, and don't teach people to do their best."

Give it and then spear it, ask for it and then Buddha it.

A husband hides his studies, sickens his teachers, and suffers from difficulties without knowing its benefits.

Finally, you should go at once, but you won't be sentenced if you tell me, that's why! "

Nowadays, teachers just read the text aloud and instill a lot, but the progress is accelerated, ignoring the students' acceptance ability and unable to study with peace of mind.

Don't teach others how to teach. Do not give full play to students' talents.

The teaching method violates the teaching principle and the requirements put forward are not in line with the students' reality.

In this way, students will hurt their studies, resent their teachers and suffer from academic difficulties without knowing the benefits.

Even if the study is over, what he has learned will soon be forgotten, and the purpose of education cannot be achieved. That's the reason.

The STEAM course attaches great importance to students' participation and creativity. In the specific teaching process, we can also teach students in accordance with their aptitude, really stimulate children's enthusiasm for learning and participation, and really improve their comprehensive quality.

This is the hot column of K 12 education and family education research "Top Ten Parenting Classics, Let Children Read Beiqing Easily". By combing and reflecting on the current popular parenting concepts and practices, this paper discusses the principles of success, IQ and eloquence, correcting mentality, forming habits, character cultivation, interest cultivation, reading hobby, Wan Li Road and so on. Welcome to subscribe.

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