Quality education refers to an educational model aimed at improving the quality of the educated in all aspects. It attaches importance to people's ideological and moral quality, ability training, personality development, physical health and mental health education. Corresponding to exam-oriented education.
Now everyone is talking about quality education, so how should we understand the connotation of quality education?
Li Lanqing: To carry out quality education is to fully implement the Party's educational policy, take improving the quality of the people as the fundamental purpose, pay attention to cultivating students' innovative spirit and practical ability, and cultivate socialist builders and successors with ideals, morality, culture and discipline and all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and beauty. To promote quality education in an all-round way, we should face modernization, the world and the future, so that the educated can adhere to the unity of studying science and culture and strengthening ideological cultivation, studying book knowledge and participating in social practice, realizing their own values and serving the people of the motherland, and establishing lofty ideals and hard struggle. To promote quality education in an all-round way, we must persist in facing all students, create corresponding conditions for their all-round development, protect the basic rights of school-age children and adolescents to learn according to law, respect the characteristics of students' physical and mental development and the laws of education, and make students develop vividly. The most important thing in quality education is to cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability, to cultivate students' common ideal and national spirit of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, to establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, and to cultivate good social morality, professional ethics and family virtues.
The implementation of quality education should run through preschool education, primary and secondary education, vocational education, adult education, higher education and other education at all levels, as well as school education, family education and social education. Different stages and aspects should have different contents and emphases, cooperate with each other and promote in an all-round way. Regional characteristics should also be reflected in different regions, and ethnic areas should also have their own characteristics.
To understand the connotation of quality education, we need to emphasize three issues.
First of all, quality education is an education for all students. The Education Law stipulates that citizens "enjoy equal opportunities for education according to law". Equal educational opportunity is a basic educational policy stipulated by national laws. For the government and education administrative departments, it is necessary to provide equal education for all school-age children and adolescents; For schools and teachers, we should strive to make every class and every student develop in an all-round and healthy way. The fundamental purpose of basic education, especially compulsory education, is to improve the quality of the whole nation and lay a solid foundation for all school-age children and adolescents to study and participate in social life in the future. Implementing quality education requires facing all children and promoting the development of every student, which is consistent with this fundamental purpose.
Second, quality education is an education to promote students' all-round development. All-round development is the core part of the party's educational policy. This paper puts forward the reasonable quality structure of people to be cultivated in education, including physical quality, psychological quality, ideological quality and cultural quality. Education is to teach students cultural knowledge. As one of the important methods to test the learning effect, examination is important and necessary. The problem of "exam-oriented education" is that it mainly teaches and studies to cope with exams, ignoring the all-round development of students; In educational practice, ignoring moral education, physical education, aesthetic education and students' physical and mental health leads to students' one-sided development. Some people study well and get high test scores, but they have no correct outlook on life, world outlook and values, poor moral cultivation and lack the ability to communicate and cooperate with others. This is not a good gift. Some people only have book knowledge, are not creative, can't solve practical problems, and can't be regarded as good talents. People with good moral cultivation and great skills are in poor health and of little use. Of course, if you don't study hard at school and have poor cultural knowledge, you can't shoulder the heavy responsibility of socialist modernization. We must never repeat the extremely absurd mistake of not learning knowledge well and even advocating blank paper during the Cultural Revolution. I want to make it clear once again that all-round development is not equal to average all-round development, but harmonious all-round development. The implementation of quality education is to cultivate students' noble morality, physical and mental health, rich knowledge, expertise in learning, open-minded thinking and strong practical ability, so that students can learn to be human, learn to learn to work, learn to create, learn to live, learn to keep fit and learn to appreciate beauty, and grow into builders and successors of the socialist cause with ideals, morality, culture and discipline.
Thirdly, quality education is an education to promote the healthy development of students' personality. People's personalities vary greatly, and society also needs all kinds of talents. An important purpose of implementing quality education is to make children with different talents and hobbies, in the process of education, in addition to unity.
In addition to basic courses, they are given space and time to develop their talents and hobbies through various educational methods. Cultivating people cannot be the same as pressing different forms of materials into the same thing with a unified mold. On this issue, two things impressed me deeply.
Once, I was visiting a middle school in Nanjing. At that time, I was chatting with teachers and students on campus when I suddenly heard a student shouting outside the crowd: "Grandpa Li! Grandpa Li! " I said, what's going on? It turned out that a classmate wanted to interview me, but he couldn't squeeze in, so he had to shout. I let her in. She said that she was a student of our school and a reporter of the local "Middle School Students" newspaper. Knowing that I was coming to school, she wanted to interview me, but there were too many people to squeeze in, so she had to shout for help. She thanked me with satisfaction when I answered her question. I often encounter this kind of thing when I visit other schools, so I am not impressed. However, two or three years later, when I was inspecting the work-study program in the supermarket on the campus of Fudan University, a female student told me that she was now a journalism student, the little reporter who interviewed me in her alma mater, Nanjing. This just recalled the scene of that year. That young journalist has been admitted to the journalism department of Fudan University, and he wants to be a journalist very much. I am very happy. Then she sent me a collection of essays she wrote. When I returned to my residence, I read her book. The first article is an interview with me, describing the process that she "stubbornly" interviewed me when she heard that I had been to Nanjing. The article fully shows her persistent "dedication" spirit, and her writing is vivid and humorous, which is very brilliant. I am sincerely glad that there may be a talented journalist in our country in the future.
Another time, we visited a primary school in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, and the school held a performance for young music lovers. One of the children aged 10 not only plays the violin well, but also has the demeanor of a "little musician". I asked him what he wanted to be in the future, and he replied without hesitation that he wanted to be a violinist. Why not go to the middle school attached to the Central Conservatory of Music? He said that he had taken the exam in Beijing. Just before the exam, he scratched his finger and almost failed by one point. I and other leading comrades who accompanied me felt sorry for him. Later, Minister Chen Zhili recommended him to take the exam in the middle school attached to Shanghai Conservatory of Music, and he was accepted. We sincerely hope that by studying hard, he can realize his wish and make contributions to the music industry of the motherland. When I visited Henan Experimental Middle School, I asked the young music lovers in this school a question: Who invented notation? How did it reach China? Who first invented the law of twelve averages? After a summer vacation, they sent me an article. Upon inquiry, they accurately described the process of French Rousseau's invention of music notation and its spread to the East, and the law of twelve averages was first written by Zhu Zaiyu (1536-1611) in the Ming Dynasty in 158 1 year. This kind of thing makes me deeply feel that if we don't fully implement quality education, but overwhelm students with heavy and unified homework, I don't know how many talented people with special hobbies will be buried! Of course, we also have an examination system for special students, professional colleges, various vocational and technical colleges and training schools. And some talents and hobbies will be buried if there is no time to cultivate and improve them in the basic education stage and wait for higher education.
To this end, I suggest to the Ministry of Education that in our prestigious high schools, in addition to the general formal classes, special talent classes can be offered, such as music, drama, dance, media, art, foreign languages, literature and so on. Mathematics, physics, chemistry and other courses can be appropriately reduced according to the admission regulations of such colleges, so as to make time for professional study and training, provide more comprehensive and better students for such professional colleges, and discover and cultivate more high-quality talents. As for professional training, it should not be too difficult to cooperate with corresponding professional colleges to provide multimedia information network distance education. This can also increase the cultural atmosphere of famous schools and highlight the role of quality education. In fact, by the high school stage, the characteristics of students' development have begun to appear. On the premise of attaching importance to the common foundation and all-round development, China's senior high school education can gradually create conditions and arrange rich elective courses for students to choose according to their development characteristics. At the same time, credit management can be tried out. This will not only lay the necessary foundation, but also be conducive to the development of students' personality. Practice shows that quality education can better stimulate students' interest and initiative in learning, which is conducive to students' better mastery of scientific and cultural knowledge. The implementation of quality education is also more conducive to the growth of top talents in various fields. Quality education will not only reduce the quality of learning, but also help students to grow in an all-round way.
1May, 1996, when I visited Miluo City, Hunan Province, I learned that they carried out quality education, and the opening rate of music, physical education and beauty courses in primary and secondary schools in the city was 100%, and the qualified rate of physical education graduates reached 99.8%, resulting in a large number of students with special skills. Since 13, the crime rate of primary and middle school students in Miluo City has been zero, no one has been investigated for criminal responsibility or reeducation through labor, and the level of students' intellectual development has not decreased. I'm very happy about that. All these indicate that quality education is bearing fruit. Similar to this situation, many places have already done it, and I believe other places and schools can also do it.
Quality education has been surging in China, but facing the exam-oriented education in China, it is not optimistic. On April 24, 2008, the preparatory meeting of Hubei quality education research group was held in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Professor Tao Hongkai is a special adviser. Professor Tao Hongkai has some original opinions and suggestions on quality education. However, at the meeting, a few words by 83-year-old China famous historian Mr. Zhang Kaiyuan revealed the true meaning of quality education and its social, historical and human urgency. He said that human beings are destroying nature now, and we should change this phenomenon as soon as possible, so it is urgent to improve the quality of all mankind. Quality education is not only for children, but also for teachers and writers. For example, it is a quality to take away the unfinished water conveniently. Judging from the scene, the quality of staff screenwriters really needs to be improved. At least no second person has ever taken his own water bottle, and even it can be seen everywhere on the ground. Sad and ridiculous!
The meaning of quality has narrow sense and broad sense. The concept of quality in a narrow sense is the concept of quality in the physiological and psychological sense, that is, "genetic quality". "Ci Hai" wrote: "Quality refers to the original characteristics and original foundation of people or things in some aspects. Psychologically, it refers to people's innate anatomical and physiological characteristics, mainly the characteristics of sensory organs and nervous system, which is the physiological condition of people's psychological development, but it cannot determine people's psychological content and development level. " -This is a typical explanation about quality in a narrow sense. Quality in a broad sense refers to the concept of quality in the sense of pedagogy, which refers to the internal, relatively stable and long-term functional physical and mental characteristics and its basic quality structure obtained by people through environmental influence and education and training on the basis of innate physiology, and is usually called literacy. It mainly includes people's moral quality, intellectual quality, physical quality, aesthetic quality and labor skill quality. "-Quality in quality education refers to quality in a broad sense. Regarding the meaning of quality education, the State Education Commission's "Several Opinions on Actively Promoting Quality Education in Primary and Secondary Schools" made a clear explanation: "Quality education is an education aimed at improving the quality of the people. It is based on the national education policy stipulated in the Education Law, focusing on the requirements of the educated and the long-term development of society, aiming at facing all students and improving their basic quality in an all-round way, focusing on cultivating the attitude and ability of the educated, and promoting the lively and positive development of the educated in moral, intellectual and physical aspects. "
Quality education mainly includes internal quality and external quality. Intrinsic quality mainly refers to people's views and significance on the world, environment and life, including people's world outlook, outlook on life, values and morality, that is, a person's views on people, things and things can also become a person's "mentality". External quality is a person's ability, behavior, achievement and so on. Professor Tao Hongkai's point of view: Quality is divided into psychological quality, professional quality and comprehensive quality. The present exam-oriented education focuses on listening, while quality education focuses on the initiative of the educated. Keep it short! But the height is limited, only for children, but ignoring the educators themselves and all social people.
1. Quality education is an education with the fundamental purpose of comprehensively improving people's basic quality, respecting people's subjectivity and initiative, paying attention to developing people's wisdom potential and forming a sound personality. Quality-oriented education is the practical need of social development, aiming at making people correctly face and deal with all things and phenomena in their social environment. Marxist-Leninist socialist society, Mao Zedong Thought socialist society, Socialism with Chinese characteristics socialist society, Deng Xiaoping socialist society and harmonious socialist society are all high-quality ideal societies. Without high quality, where does "harmony" begin? Without high quality, "socialism" will be an illusory ideal society.
2. Quality education should be advocated from the height of the whole society. The public service advertisement of CCTV- 1 reached its climax after several decades. However, quality education should not be initiated under the pretext of some activities (such as learning from Lei Feng Day, Olympic Games, World Expo, etc.). Society is made up of every individual, and life is made up of every day, every second and every moment. Every social person and every life activity reflects your quality. "The people on the bridge are watching the scenery, and the people under the bridge are watching you." Everyone is duty-bound.
3. Quality education should start with news figures and give full play to their social effects. Chairman Mao's era is a special era, and the essence of Mao Zedong Thought is: seeking truth from facts; Criticism and self-criticism; Serve the people ... at that time, leaders, role models, advanced, exemplary, exemplary and upright people ... some exciting words of that year have gradually faded out. But now there are only government officials, not "leaders"! "Serving the people" was replaced by "image is more important than life". "Who leads us to make revolution and who leads us to turn over?" -Who can lead us in the educational revolution and quality education? -"Our loved ones, Chairman Mao!" "Our loved ones, * * *!"
The power of the people is limitless. Leaders take the lead and the masses come on! Come on for all mankind and socialist construction.