Li Chucai, formerly known as Li Shuxiang (1906— 1982), was born in Xiuyan, Liaoning Province, and was a Daning layman, a medical doctor, a painter in southern Liaoning, and a native of Xiuyan CPPCC. Graduated from Liaoning Medical College (formerly Shengjing Medical University, 1883, founded by church of scotland, England, now China Medical University). After liberation, he served as the first dean of Xishan Hospital in Xiuyan County (now the People's Hospital of Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County), and his medical skills were superb. Li Chucai's painting style has absorbed the essence of Huang Shen and Luo Pin, the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou". His paintings have been exhibited in Dandong and other places, and some of them are collected by local museums. He is good at monkeys and sheep.
In his youth, Li Chucai entered Nanjing Xiaozhuang Experimental Rural Normal School with the ambition of "popularizing rural education, serving farmers and transforming the countryside" and studied under the people's educator Mr. Tao Xingzhi, who was deeply influenced and infected by Tao Xingzhi's educational thought and noble quality. The innovative spirit of Xiaozhuang Normal School has become the source of his educational thoughts and the driving force for his persistent pursuit of education. 1943, Li Chucai was invited by the school board of Yu Wei to establish Yu Wei Middle School on the basis of Yu Wei Primary School. He interpreted the word Yu Wei as "growth and creation" and "promoting students' personality development, inspiring students to create interest and ability, and cultivating talents needed by the motherland" as the guiding ideology for running a school, and carefully planned, formed a teacher collective and carried out teaching reform. After liberation, Li Chucai integrated his love for the Party and socialism into his work practice of being loyal to the Party's educational cause, United and relied on teachers, comprehensively implemented the Party's educational policy, trained many all-round talents, and made great contributions to the educational cause. From 65438 to 0960, Yu Wei Middle School was rated as an advanced unit of socialist construction in Shanghai's cultural and educational front and also as a key school in Shanghai. 1984, Li Chucai was appointed honorary principal of Yu Wei Middle School by the municipal government.
Li Chucai is not only an educator, but also a social activist. Joined Democratic Progressive Party from 65438 to 0952. He used to be the deputy director of the Shanghai Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party, a member of the Central Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party, a representative of the Shanghai Municipal People's Congress, and a member of the Standing Committee of the Shanghai CPPCC. He shared weal and woe with China and did a lot of work to uphold and improve the multi-party cooperation and political consultation system led by China.
In his youth, Li Chucai was one of the earliest students of Tao Xingzhi 13 in Xiaozhuang Normal School, and he was the forerunner of rural education reform in China.
In view of the fact that China is based on agriculture and rural education is the foundation of the country, rural education in old China has gone the wrong way, so it is necessary to rein in the precipice and find another way out. Tao Xingzhi is determined to raise one million funds, recruit one million comrades, advocate one million schools, transform one million villages and jointly create a great new life in China. In order to realize this ideal, in March 1927, he founded Xiaozhuang Normal School, an experimental rural normal school in Xiaozhuang, a suburb of Nanjing. This is a new normal school, and its training goal is to train rural teachers with peasant skills, scientific mind, artistic interest and social spirit. It is different from traditional education in enrollment, curriculum, teaching content, teaching methods and methods. Enrollment, for example, is unique. The qualification of applying for the exam emphasizes "willing to share joys and sorrows with farmers, interested in improving farmers' productivity and developing farmers' autonomy". Besides a composition, a five-minute speech, a wisdom test and a common sense test, there is also an exam. This school was impressive at that time, but it also made some aspiring young people see the hope of education in China. They came here to take the exam. Mr Li Chucai is one of them.
He teaches at Shanghai Patriotic Girls' School. Mr. Ji Tong, the principal of this school, is an old educator who has been teaching for 20 years. In addition to running a patriotic girls' school in Shanghai, we are also planning to establish a private Yushan middle school and a rural primary school. He was very dissatisfied with the rural education at that time and pointed out its disadvantages. "I don't care about the knowledge and ability to adapt to farmers' lives. Seeking its maximum effect is nothing more than literacy and bookkeeping. As far as abuses are concerned, except for a few who go to school, I have developed unemployed people who don't pick shoulders, baskets, work or do business. "I believe that Tao Xingzhi's method, as he thought," plays a great role in improving rural education. "Therefore, in February 1927, 18, he specially wrote to Tao Xingzhi to recommend Li Chucai and Ji Shixian of our school to apply for the exam. In his letter to Tao Xingzhi, he wrote: "Strictness is a test. If you are admitted, you plan to entrust the Second Primary School of Luyuan Township in Changshu County and our private primary school after graduation. " Tao Xingzhi was very happy to receive this letter. In his reply, he said: "After reading the calligraphy on February 18th, I am glad that I am not alone, and I can't help but be glad for the future of rural education. "He also welcomes Li Chucai and Ji Shixian to apply for the exam." Once they are admitted, we must give them full guidance and let them return to their hometown to serve the villagers and live up to our high hopes. "Li Chucai didn't live up to President Ji's high hopes, passed the entrance examination smoothly, and became one of the earliest 13 students of Tao Xingzhi in Xiaozhuang Teachers College, and also became the forerunner of rural education reform in China.
1In August, 928, Li Chucai and the first 13 students of Xiaozhuang Teachers College completed their studies and officially graduated after nearly one and a half years of teaching. On the eve of graduation, Li Chucai wrote a farewell speech to Xiaozhuang, expressing his attachment to his alma mater and his determination to carry forward Xiaozhuang spirit and reform rural education. Li Chucai gave a vivid and concrete description of his study and life in Xiaozhuang in the book Dawn. For example, when he described the entrance examination for land reclamation in his book, he wrote: "When the white powder line was drawn, everyone was holding a hoe in their hands. When the horn sounded, everyone went to the barren hills for land reclamation. Sweat gradually seeped out from behind my forehead. I took off my cotton-padded jacket and kept digging and sweating. Sweat gives off steam, like white fog in front of my eyes. Gasping, whirring in the throat. Soon, there was red on the handle of the hoe, and I was afraid. What is this? It turned out to be the blood leached from the thin skin of the hand! Blood! It doesn't matter. Do one thing, do one thing well, always sweat and bleed. " Wait, it truly reflects the life scene of Xiaozhuang. Therefore, Tao Xingzhi said in the preface written for the book that Dawn is a self-report of Chu Cai's dark road in Xiaozhuang, "a photo of Chu Cai and his friends living in Xiaozhuang". There are more than 30 books in this book, written before192865438+February, published by Shanghai Children's Publishing House in September 1932, and reprinted in April 1933. This book is Li Chucai's first book, and it is also an important material for us to study Li Chucai and Xiaozhuang Normal School.
After graduating from Xiaozhuang Normal University, Li Chucai, together with Dai Bangjie (also known as Dai), was hired as a lecturer in popular literature and popular movement by the School of Popular Education of Central University. Soon, due to the needs of Zhejiang Rural Normal School (referred to as Hu Xiang Normal School for short), Li Chucai was hired as the instructor or teacher of the school on the recommendation of Tao Xingzhi.
Hu Xiang Normal School is a new rural normal school founded under the direct guidance of Tao Xingzhi. School starts in June 1928 10 1, and the address is Hu Xiang, Xiaoshan, Zhejiang. At the beginning of the school, taking Nanjing Xiaozhuang Normal School as an example, it had the same educational purpose and guiding ideology as Xiaozhuang. The principal and instructor were both the first-phase graduates of Xiaozhuang Normal School sent by Tao Xingzhi. Therefore, the school is called "Xiaozhuang, Zhejiang". But despite this, their thinking is very clear. Hu Xiang Normal School can't be completely ignorant, but must proceed from reality and create something. Li Chucai clearly put forward this point in his Speech published in the sixth issue of Hu Xiang Life 1929. He said: "How to make a primary school alive? How to make a normal student run a life school? How to cultivate normal students' ability to live? All the problems are hovering in our minds, and we all want to solve them. We are changing new methods and destroying old models every day. A road has just begun, there are inappropriate places, we will sacrifice everything and make new changes; Or not full, not satisfied, add, delete and correct at any time; We will never be complacent about the present revision and creation, nor dare we take it for granted. We continue to create, continue to destroy and continue to work hard to solve our problems. " 1986, in the article "Early Hu Xiang Normal School", he elaborated the inheritance, development and innovation of Xiaozhuang spirit in the early Hu Xiang Normal School. In his view, inheritance and development mainly include pioneering spirit, democratic life, will to struggle, collective self-study and free discussion. Pioneering and innovation are mainly manifested in school administrative organization, teaching methods and teaching contents. To sum up, it can be seen that Li Chu in his youth was an active follower and creative implementer of Tao Xingzhi's rural education thought and a pioneer of rural education reform in China.
Middle-aged Li Chu is a conscious practitioner of Tao Xingzhi's educational thought and a staunch supporter of Tao Xingzhi's democratic movement.
From 65438 to 0943, Li Chucai founded Shanghai Yu Wei Middle School on the basis of Yu Wei Primary School. In the practice of running a school in Yu Wei, he consciously practiced Tao Xingzhi's educational thought. Chen Jiaer, a famous scientist and alumnus of Yu Wei Middle School for 50 years, said this very clearly in an interview article entitled "The Influence of Family and School on Me" in Guangming Daily. He said, "I was deeply impressed by the Yu Wei Middle School I attended. At that time, the principal was a student of Mr. Tao Xingzhi. The school inherited many of Tao Xingzhi's educational ideas, and held a science and technology festival every year to show students' inventions and creations. Students in the class one higher than me broadcast with their own radio transmitters, and I can also receive them at home. I really admire them. Later, my classmates and I initiated the establishment of a publication called Creation, published our own works, translated articles in foreign journals such as Popular Science, and published them ourselves. At that time, it was not uncommon for middle school students to run their own publications, only science. To this end, the reporter came to interview us. The article I wrote "How We Published and Created" was also published with the editor's notes and published in Ta Kung Pao at that time. "
After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, Tao Xingzhi came to Shanghai from Chongqing on April 1946+08. He died of cerebral hemorrhage on July 25th and spent the last 100 days in Shanghai. During this period, Tao Xingzhi actively participated in the anti-civil war and strived for peace; Oppose dictatorship and strive for democracy; The democratic movement that opposes oppression and strives for survival has become the central figure of the democratic movement in Shanghai. Mr. Li Chucai firmly supports Tao Xingzhi's democratic movement. As soon as Tao Xingzhi arrived in Shanghai, he contacted Li Chucai and agreed to meet the progressives in Shanghai education at Daren Primary School on Xinzha Road at 2/kloc-0 that afternoon. At this meeting, Tao Xingzhi talked about the struggle for life education for two hours.
On the afternoon of April 25th, Tao Xingzhi was invited to give a speech to the teachers and students of Yu Wei Middle School. In his speech, he lashed out at the Kuomintang "five sons" who were busy robbing houses, cars, gold, women and seats, but ignored the sufferings of ordinary people. Encourage teachers and students to join the democratic movement with indomitable, immoral, poor and beautiful noble characters and make more contributions to peace, democracy, unity and unity. As the principal of a school, it was risky for Li Chucai to invite Tao Xingzhi to give such a speech at that time.
In addition, in order to promote the development of life education, Li Chucai, Duan, Duan and other Shanghai educators helped Tao Xingzhi to organize the Shanghai branch of the Life Education Society. On the afternoon of May 12, I attended the inaugural meeting of Shanghai Branch of Life Education Society.
In his later years, Li Chucai was an accomplished researcher of Tao Xingzhi and his educational thoughts.
Although Li Chucai is young, he has written books and introduced Tao Xingzhi's educational reform in Xiaozhuang Normal School and his practice in Hu Xiang Normal School in Zhejiang. 1July, 946, after the death of Tao Xingzhi, he also wrote an article "The Spirit of President Tao" to mourn. However, Li Chucai's lifelong research on Tao Xingzhi and his educational thoughts mainly focused on his later years.