abstract

1. The research object and task of pedagogy; 2. Educators in the development of pedagogy and their educational thoughts: Xueji, Confucius, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, quintilian, Comenius, Rousseau, Kant, Pestalozzi, Locke, Herbart, Dewey and Tao Xingzhi.

Write it down in shorthand

First, the research object and task of pedagogy

Pedagogy is a social science that takes educational phenomena and problems as the research object and constantly explores and reveals educational laws.

Education is the internal motive force to promote the development of pedagogy.

The research task of pedagogy is to clarify the basic knowledge and theory of education, reveal the basic laws of education, provide theoretical support for educational theorists and practitioners, and serve the cultivation of talents who meet the needs of society.

Second, the development of pedagogy.

(A) the embryonic stage of pedagogy

1. China's educational thought in its infancy

(1) Yukime

Xueji is the earliest educational and teaching monograph in ancient China and even in the world.

Claim: ①? To turn people into customs, we must learn? Reveals the importance of education; ②? Rejuvenate the country and the people, teaching first? The relationship between education and politics is expounded. ③? Tao leads, strong and introverted, open and ambitious? Explain the heuristic teaching; ④? Can't you wait? Teaching should follow the characteristics of students' psychological development step by step.

(2) Confucius

Confucius was the greatest educator and educational thinker in ancient China, and his educational thoughts were reflected in The Analects.

2. Western educational thought in its infancy

(1) Socrates

Socrates is famous for his eloquence and the way of answering questions with young wise men. This teaching method is also called. Midwife? .

(2) Plato

Plato's educational thought is embodied in his masterpiece The Republic. Who is Plato? Learning in the game? The earliest advocate.

③ Aristotle

Aristotle, an encyclopedic philosopher in ancient Greece, put forward it for the first time in history? Education follows nature? The principle of.

(4) quintilian

The earliest educational theory work in the ancient west was The Principle of Eloquence written by quintilian in ancient Rome (also called The Education of Speakers).

(B) the founding stage of pedagogy

/kloc-After the 7th century, the development of pedagogy entered a new stage and gradually formed an independent discipline. The representative figures and educational thoughts in the founding stage mainly include:

1. Comenius

Comenius, a famous Czech educator, is known as? Father of pedagogy? . The Great Teaching Theory published by Comenius 1632 is a sign that pedagogy has become an independent discipline. His main points can be summarized as follows:

1. On teaching principles: He proposed that education should follow the principle of natural development of human beings;

Secondly, on the teaching system: he first proposed and systematically discussed the class teaching system and teaching principles and methods;

Third, about teaching ideas: He proposed to teach ordinary people a wide range of knowledge of nature? Pan-intellectual education? .

2. Rousseau

The representative work of French thinker Rousseau is Emile. Rousseau advocated natural education and children-oriented education view.

3. Kant

Pedagogy, as a course taught in universities, first started from Kant.

4. Pestalozzi

Lienhard and Goddard: Masterpieces of Swiss Educator Pestalozzi's Education. His main points can be summarized as follows:

First, advocate naturalistic educational thought;

Second, the earliest? Educational psychology? This idea;

Third, advocate emotional education and love education;

Fourth, the first general in the history of western education? Combination of education and productive labor? An educator who put this idea into practice.

5. Locke

The main points of the British philosopher Locke can be summarized as follows:

First, put forward? It says on the whiteboard? .

Second, advocate gentleman education.

6.herbart

From 65438 to 0806, the publication of Herbart's General Pedagogy marked the establishment of normative pedagogy. Herbart is regarded as the representative of traditional pedagogy.

His main points can be summarized as follows:

First, he regards ethics and psychology as the theoretical basis of pedagogy, laying the foundation of scientific pedagogy;

Secondly, he emphasized the role and central position of teachers, and formed the three-center theory of traditional education: teacher center, teaching material center and classroom center;

Third, put forward? Four-stage teaching? Theory;

Fourthly, he put forward the principles of education and teaching.

7. Dewey

Dewey, an American educator, and his Democracy and Education are the representatives and works of pragmatic pedagogy in the early 20th century. As the spokesman of modern education, his main viewpoints can be summarized as follows:

First, the new three-center theory: Children's center (student center)? 、? Activity center? 、? Experience center? ;

Second,? Education is life? 、? Education is growth? 、? Education is the transformation of experience? ;

Third, advocate? Doing middle school? ;

Fourth, the school is the society;

Fifth, put forward the five-step teaching method.

8. Tao Xingzhi

Tao Xingzhi, called by Mao Zedong? People educator? . Put forward? Life is education? 、? Society is school? 、? Integration of teaching and learning? Three propositions, life education theory is the theoretical core of Tao Xingzhi's educational thought.

(C) the development stage of pedagogy

1. The formation and development of Marxist pedagogy

(1) Pedagogy, edited by Kailov, summed up the positive and negative experiences of education in the former Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s, and discussed the educational purpose of development, which had a wide impact on education in the early days of the founding of our country.

(2) makarenko wrote poems about education and communist education. He has made outstanding contributions to the reform of street children and criminals, and his core is collectivism education thought.

(3) The New Education Outline written by China under the pseudonym of Li is the first educational work guided by Marxism in China.

2. The development of modern educational theory

(1) zankov, an educator in the former Soviet Union, wrote Teaching and Development. What is the core of his theory? Make students reach the ideal level of development with the best teaching effect? Five teaching principles of developmental teaching theory are put forward, namely, high difficulty, high speed, theoretical knowledge playing a leading role, understanding the learning process, and making all students, including poor students, develop universally.

(2) American educator Bruner wrote "Teaching Process" and put forward structuralist teaching theory; Advocate discovery teaching method.

(3) Wagensher founded the theory of example teaching because of the principle of example teaching.

(4) Suhomlinski systematically expounded his thoughts on harmonious education in his works, such as One Hundred Suggestions for Teachers, Dedicating My Whole Heart to Children and Pavlis Middle School. His work is called. Life pedagogy? .

(5) Bloom wrote The Classification of Educational Goals and put forward the theory of mastering learning.

The above is about sharing the test sites of "Pedagogy" in 2020 teacher qualification certificate middle school. I hope it will help all candidates! More about the skills of preparing for the teacher qualification certificate, preparing for the dry goods, news information and so on. Bian Xiao will continue to update.

The above is what Bian Xiao shared for you about Test Site 2 of Education in 2020. For more information, you can pay attention to Global Ivy and share more dry goods.