The main contents are as follows: At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Dutch invaders occupied Taiwan Province Province, the treasure island of China, and cruelly enslaved their compatriots in Taiwan Province Province. People in Taiwan Province province hate the Dutch invaders. So Zheng Chenggong decided to drive the Dutch out of China. Zheng Chenggong is stationed in Xiamen. One day, Zheng Chenggong climbed to the top of the hill near the military camp and said passionately, "Taiwan Province Province has been the territory of China since ancient times, and we will never allow the invaders to run amok. We must recover the treasure island of the motherland-Taiwan Province Province! " Zheng Chenggong made preparations in Xiamen and sent a huge fleet, stretching for 10 miles, with empty sails flying. After seeing it, Zheng Chenggong was full of necessary confidence. Although the Dutch invaders had powerful cannons, they could not frighten the heroic Zheng Jun's lawsuit soldiers. The officers marched bravely and defeated the Dutch invaders. The people of Taiwan Province Province were ecstatic when they learned about this incident. They sent food, seafood, vegetables and tea to comfort Zheng Jun's lawsuit soldiers. After Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan Province Province, he vigorously developed production. They sent people to give Han farmers plows, rakes, hoes and other farm tools to Gaoshan people. Zheng Chenggong also opened a school in Taiwan Province Province. We will never forget Zheng Chenggong, a national hero, who recovered the great achievements of Taiwan Province Province in building Taiwan Province Province. If we are like Zheng Chenggong, will we be called "the sick man of East Asia" by others? Therefore, we China people are strong, and we should meet the difficulties.
Zheng Chenggong's father is from China and his mother is Japanese.
Zheng Chenggong's ancestors bid farewell to Xingyang homeland more than 1000 years ago, moved to Gushi and became an outlaw in southern Fujian.
Zheng Chenggong was born in Hirado, Japan. There is a Zheng Chenggong Temple in this city, on which the "Light of Xingyang" hangs. In the minds of Zheng people, "the light of Xingyang" is the highest "home prize".
Zheng Chenggong's father was Zheng Zhilong, who was a pirate leader before he was recruited by the Ming court. Japanese woman Tian Chuanshi will be Zheng Chenggong in Hiuke on August 27th in the fourth year of the lunar calendar tomorrow (the first year of Kuanyong, Japan 1624), so Zheng Chenggong is a mixed-race child of China and Japan. Before he was seven years old, he and his mother lived in Hirado. 1630, Zheng Zhilong brought him back to Nan 'an for education. Because Japanese regulations prohibit women from leaving the country, Tian did not accompany them. In order to win a reputation in scientific research, Zheng Zhilong hired Confucian scholars to educate Zheng Chenggong. The ancestors entered Fujian from Gushi County, Gwangju [now Huangzhou County, Henan Province] and lived in Zhangzhou, then moved to Chaozhou, Guangdong, and lived in Nan 'an County, Quanzhou. After returning to China at the age of seven, he was admitted as a scholar at the age of fifteen. 1644, Li Zicheng went to Beijing, Ming Sizong hanged himself, and Wu Sangui led the Qing soldiers into the customs. In such troubled times, I went to study in imperial academy, Nanjing, and worshipped Qian, then the minister of Nanjing's Ministry of Rites, as my teacher.
Zheng Chenggong has four brothers. The only mother is Qi Saemon (also known as Lany Erlang Saemon), who has never left Japan, and there are descendants in Japan at present.
Zheng Zhilong, his father, took the lead in developing in Taiwan Province, then went to Japan to do business and married a Japanese woman Tian. In the fourth year of tomorrow (A.D. 1624), on July 14th of the lunar calendar, Zheng Chenggong was born under a boulder in Hirado Beach, Japan. His name is Fu Song, also known as Sen, and his word is strict and he is famous for Damu. At the age of seven, Zheng Chenggong returned to his hometown Ishii from Japan.
Zheng Chenggong's father, Zheng Zhilong, was born in Shihe Township, Nan 'an County, Fujian Province. I didn't like reading since I was a child, but I was good at dancing guns and making sticks. It can be said that I was born a bandit. 18 years old, traveling. There is a saying in Taiwan's Foreign Records: "In the third year of the apocalypse, in the summer of May in Guihai, Cheng was accompanied to Japan by sugar, Qin 'an, musk and deerskin, and was escorted by officials." This official is Zheng Zhilong. After he went to Japan, he married his mother Weng.
Zheng Zhilong, who lived in Japan, was later adopted by an overseas Chinese leader in Japan, so he inherited a smuggling fleet and became a rich man. However, he is active by nature, conspiring with other smugglers to raise weapons and plot rebellion. After the story was revealed, he fled in a hurry. Taiwan Province Province is the home of the "enemy" that runs rampant and harms the southeast coast. The thief Zheng Zhilong was accepted by the court and became a guerrilla general. Zheng Zhilong is doing business while suppressing pirates, and his hands are hard. Not only destroyed many pirates, but also established trade relations with Japan, Spain, the Netherlands and Portugal. Because of the results of fighting bandits, he was promoted to Fujian company commander and a wealthy businessman. It can be said that the financial resources are rolling and the career is smooth.
According to historical records, Zheng Chenggong was born when Zheng Zhilong fled Japan. When he returned to his father's side, he was about 7 years old and was named Sen. Different from his father, Zheng Sen took the road of a traditional scholar.
In March of the seventeenth year of Chongqi, after the demise of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yousong, the axe king, proclaimed himself emperor in Nanjing. At that time, Zheng Sen was 265,438+0 years old and studied under Qian Yiqian, a famous scholar in imperial academy. Because of his extraordinary talent, he won the appreciation of money. Since it can be valued by Mr. Qian, who has a reputation for literary talent, it should be said that ruffians like Zheng Sen and Naifu are not the same kind of people, but dad's way of thinking has a great influence on him, which can be seen from now on.
It's a pity that Nanming was really not a climate at that time. In addition, there are regimes such as,,, and Jingjiang Wang. And they didn't buy each other's money. They all held high the banner of nationalism, ignored the current enemies, held high the mountains, and declared themselves orthodox. The results are one after another. After the fall of the axe king, Zhu Bingjian, king of the Tang Dynasty, ascended the throne in Fuzhou for Longwu. After Longwu ascended the throne, Zheng Zhilong, a heavily armed opponent, of course relied on the throne, not only making him a duke, but also making him a surname. However, Zheng Zhilong has different aspirations and has no intention of resisting Qing Dynasty. In the first year of Longwu, Zheng Zhilong introduced Zheng Senjin to Longwu. Long Wu asked and answered like a stream. Long Wu Fu Sen said on his back, "It's a pity that no woman deserves your name. You should be loyal to my family and never forget each other. " Zhu was given a surname and changed his name successfully. In this way, Zheng Sen became Zhu Chenggong, and later people called him "Zheng Chenggong".
At that time, Zheng Zhilong had a secret agreement with Hong Chengchou, so he withdrew and let the Qing army March straight into Fuzhou, and longwu fled. Father and son broke up on the issue of health and unhealthy. Taiwan Province Foreign Records has been published for two years. When Zhizhi successfully negotiated the surrender of the Qing Dynasty, he "successfully persuaded:' My father has always held heavy power, and he can't turn away easily. With children's delicacy, Fujian and Guangdong are no better than the north. If we rely on high risk and ambush defense, although there are millions, it will be difficult to fly over one day. Clean up people's hearts to consolidate the foundation; Open sea lanes and promote ports to meet their expenses. Then it is not difficult to choose generals to train soldiers and call for progress in the world. ""Zheng Chenggong's vision and ambition show that Zheng Zhilong is old and ambitious, afraid of the Qing army and intends to protect himself. After reading this book, Zheng Chenggong understands the truth that "political power comes out of the barrel of a gun" and intends to make a difference in troubled times.
After the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Zhilong was immediately carried north. Qing soldiers attacked his lair Anping, and his wife Weng was also in trouble. There is a cloud in the annals of the sea of tranquility: "Zhilong has fallen, and his family thought that they could avoid looting, so they did not equip themselves." From Baylor to Anping, the mutinous soldiers raped and plundered, and their successful mothers were hanged. After getting it, he was furious and cut off his mother's abdomen. If he goes out to cleanse his bowels, he will accept it again and risk losing his life. " This deep hatred made Zheng Chenggong play the banner of anti-Qing and regaining sight, and became sworn enemies with Manchu. Although the two sides negotiated many times and lasted for a long time, Zheng Chenggong never gave in to honesty.
At first, Zheng Chenggong was short of food in the serenade and had to wander in Xiamen waters. Zheng Zhilong's old staff who gradually fled from one place to another followed; The old minister of the Ming dynasty imperial clan also hoped for recovery, and he also defected one after another. And the long-term strength continues to grow. He captured Xiamen, supported 50,000 to 60,000 troops, and his prestige increased greatly. In August of four years, he and the soldiers of Zheng Lian and Cai Zheng took control of the anti-invitation leadership in the southeast sea. Based in Jin and Xiamen, they moved to Haicheng, Quanzhou, Tongan and Chaoyang, and repeatedly defeated the reinforcements sent by the Qing Dynasty to Fujian. The Yong Dynasty in the Southern Ming Dynasty added them as lord protector.
At that time, Li Dingguo was in the west, Zheng Chenggong was in the south, one was in the southwest, and the other was dominating the sea. Both of them are anti-Qing pillars. Li Dingguo's actions reversed the situation of the anti-Qing war in the Ming Dynasty, and Zheng Chenggong's influence also made the Qing court helpless. They can do many things together. Li Dingguo's soldiers went from Yunnan to Guizhou and defeated Kong Youde, the king of Qingping South, in Guilin. When the soldiers arrived in Fujian and Zhejiang, they took the initiative to write a letter and ask Zheng Chenggong to join hands to fight against the Qing Dynasty. However, Zheng Chenggong was always vague and even failed to fulfill his promise, which made the opportunity to change the war situation miss again and again. From four years to nine years in Li Yong, Li Dingguo wrote nine times asking Zheng Chenggong to send troops to help or attack, but Zheng Chenggong stood me up eight times, with no sincerity to join hands. Li Dingguo alone can't get through the route between Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and Zhejiang. Later, Zheng Chenggong finally ordered Zhang Mingzhen and Hong Xu to lead twelve naval divisions into the Yangtze River, pound Jinling, attack Wenzhou and Taizhou for lack of food, and recover Zhoushan. In August, Liu Huangting and others levied Jieyang, defeated Liu Bolu, the general of the Qing army, and recovered Chaoyi. Both roads were returned immediately after restoration. "("the sea of tranquility "). But Zheng Chenggong sent troops to the north, not to reinforce Li Dingguo, but to send troops to contain the forces of the Qing army and protect the safety of its base areas.
So, what has Zheng Chenggong been busy with recently? Busy making peace with the Qing court. The Qing court played the card of Zheng Zhilong to win over Zheng Chenggong. Zheng Chenggong refused at first, but later verbally promised, but the asking price was "three provinces must make peace" and proposed that the army should manage itself, "don't go to Beijing, stay in Fujian." It is also constantly demanding that the land under the jurisdiction of the peace talks be changed from one government to four governments, and that the three provinces should have local autonomy that is "more than Korea and does not shave their heads" and "not controlled by ministries and hospitals". These negotiations have been fruitless. "Although success is just a matter of luck, it is impossible to open a letter, and the clothes are as old as ever, burning soldiers will almost invade the extension, which is very unpredictable" ("Records of the Qing Sai-zu"). Zheng Chenggong's intention is obviously to show that there is no discussion and no peace, which means that he relies on the self-esteem of the army to gain benefits and urges officials to demand concessions from the Qing court. From the seventh year to the twelfth year of Li Yong, the two sides talked about time and war six times (and seven times). Although the Qing court made many concessions and even acquiesced in some of Zheng Chenggong's demands, it strategically achieved the goal of delaying Zheng Chenggong to divide and rule.
The main concern of the Qing court is that once the southwest and southeast are United, the Qing army will be hard to prevent. Because it is the best policy, we should use Zheng Zhilong to negotiate with Zheng Chenggong, isolate Li Dingguo with Zheng Chenggong as a "cage", split the joint situation of southwest and southeast, deploy the main force of the whole country to the southwest battlefield, regain the strategic initiative, and then get rid of the isolated Li Dingguo and disintegrate the eternal dynasty. Zheng Chenggong is not stupid. At the beginning of the peace talks, he said: "The Qing Dynasty also wanted to settle me down and accompany me to the end, and took measures to provide food for the soldiers" (Biography of Zheng Chenggong in Qing Dynasty). In other words, Zheng Chenggong never had high expectations for the peace talks, but he only used this to strengthen his own strength. So Zheng Chenggong is short-sighted and doesn't understand the truth that his lips are dead and his teeth are cold? Not exactly.
Although Zheng Chenggong has the ambition to fight against the Qing Dynasty, he has no ambition to regain his sight. Surrender to Nanming for the time being is only a sign of recruiting, so Zheng Chenggong has no intention to really cooperate with Nanming, and it is impossible to agree with Li Dingguo's idea of opening Guangdong, connecting the southeast and southwest, and expanding the "revolutionary base areas". For example, in the eighth year of Li Yong, Li Dingguo invaded eastern Guangdong as planned, and Zheng Chenggong made peace. In order to show his trust in the Qing Dynasty, he broke the contract and refused to help. Zheng Chenggong's efforts for peace talks are nothing more than the gains and losses of personal status, territory, military power, grain expropriation rights and other rights. He never thought of Nanming. He devoted himself to managing and expanding his sphere of influence, intending to force the Qing court to acquiesce in its own small regime after it was powerful and powerless. If it is possible for Nan Ming to take power, so is it. When the wings end, it must be the time when "South is king". Therefore, Zheng Chenggong maintained a close relationship with Nan Ming and Man Qing. He once refused to be crowned king by the eternal dynasty, and only supported the king of Lu who took refuge in exile, and didn't care too much. Others, such as Zhu Shunshui, Zhang Huangyan and Xu Jingping, did not value them. What's more, they poisoned Lu Wang's famous anti-Qing fighter (this is controversial in the history circle, but it is very likely from Zheng's character).
Zheng Chenggong took the ship as his teacher. He can go in and out, and if he is strong, he can go straight along the river. When he fails, he can still walk upright on the island, which is foolproof. "It's a big deal to fight guerrilla warfare in the sea." What's more, Zheng Chenggong was born in a pirate family and inherited Naif's rebellious character in his early years, so he acted regardless of the overall situation and only planned for himself. In history, Zheng Chenggong "does everything arbitrarily and does not discuss with others", "harsh usage will lead to death" and "although relatives are guilty, they borrow a lot, and they will die if they commit rape." (Biography of Zheng Chenggong in the Draft of Qing Dynasty) So it is said that respecting the law is too strict, which is all due to personality. Zheng Chenggong is arrogant, straightforward, easy to bear grudges, harsh on others, almost arbitrary and cruel. According to modern psychology, it is caused by "egocentrism". Self-centered people always take self-concept as the standard to measure things and exclude people who don't conform to their own ideas. Because of Zheng Chenggong's character, he repeatedly opposed the Qing Dynasty, which made Xiamen gain and lose at first. Later, the famous Shi Lang was forced to surrender because of this crime, which directly led to the Qing court recovering Taiwan Province Province.
Although the peace talks gave Zheng Chenggong time to expand his strength, both the army and the water army added 1 million people. After several years of training, half of them have become elite fighters. However, at this time, Nanming was already very weak. Although Zheng Chenggong gradually became a feather, it was difficult to sing with his own hands and the possibility of sitting on the ground was reduced. In order to wait for death, there was a desperate northern expedition, which was also a pirate adventure, because at this time, the general trend was gone, and the result of going deep alone was likely to be a crushing defeat. Zheng Chenggong is not unaware of this. Before the war, he said to the generals, "This time I invaded an important place alone, and I had to survive. Winning this for a while, breaking its bamboo, fame and fortune are close. Going into life and retiring, Ben Fan should take the lead and think that he will take the lead. You wait. " (Jinghai Zhi). After the military defeat, it was too late for Zheng Chenggong to make peace for the last time. The Qing court, which has no worries, will no longer raise tigers as a menace.
At this time, the southwest is flat and Xiajin is in danger. In such a situation, Zheng Chenggong flatly crusaded to recover Taiwan Province Province as a foothold. When Zhang Huangyan heard of his success in Taiwan Province, he wrote to dissuade him, accusing him of "stealing peace for a while and making people laugh endlessly". Of course, Zheng Chenggong was unmoved, because it was not his ambition to see it again relative to power and territory.
Compared with the real national hero Li Dingguo, who faced the crisis directly, devoted himself to the rejuvenation and devoted himself to it, Zheng Chenggong was a lean man who ignored the overall situation, was selfish and only cared about personal and local interests. This is not derogatory. "A lean man lives in harmony with others and does his best in every interest, so he chooses his own wood and gradually takes off" (Li Jianhong's On Lean Man). Now, it seems that no matter the resistance in the southeast or southwest, it can't stop the general trend of Manchu and Qing dynasties. And the hero who knows that he can't do it and saves the sky with loyalty is even more admirable.
However, standing at today's historical height, Zheng Chenggong's achievements are even greater. Because there is no Zhengjiapan in Taiwan Province Province, the Qing court will not regard it as a thorn in the side, concentrate on recovering it, and finally unify the whole country. Otherwise, with the conservative thoughts and orthodox culture of feudal emperors, perhaps today's Taiwan Province Province no longer belongs to the territory of China, but belongs to another country or an independent country. In this sense, Zheng Chenggong is a veritable national hero.