Kindergarten, how to reassure parents? Not long ago, Beijing Zoya Economic and Social Development Research Center jointly organized the "Preschool Education Reform and Development Forum and China Preschool Education Seminar". The reporter interviewed relevant experts on the current hot issues in the field of preschool education.
Effectively improve the treatment of preschool teachers and build a team of high-quality teachers who are good at teaching.
Reporter: Over the years, the three characteristics of insufficient number, low quality and low treatment of preschool teachers in China are interlocking, forming a "causal cycle chain" and becoming a bottleneck restricting the healthy development of preschool education in China. How to break the circular chain and build a high-quality teacher team who is good at teaching?
Ada (Professor, Beijing Normal University): The key to breaking this strange circle is to respect and recognize the professionalism of preschool teachers' work and effectively improve their treatment.
Kindergarten teachers are the "first teachers" after children leave home. A professional kindergarten teacher should not only be able to sing and dance and play games with children, but more importantly, he can read their needs, interests and ideas from their words and deeds, and he can teach students in accordance with their aptitude. However, for a long time, preschool teachers are often regarded as "nannies" with children, with low entry threshold, lack of social respect and recognition for their profession, generally low treatment and lack of professional attraction. As a result, preschool education majors lack good students, and it is difficult for kindergartens to retain good teachers.
In order to maximize profits and reduce the cost of running a kindergarten, some kindergartens often employ kindergarten teachers who have no professional education at all or have only very limited professional training at very low wages. When these young girls who are completely unprepared psychologically and professionally walk into the classroom and face dozens of lively and active children, they are often at a loss and in a hurry. I don't know how to calm these children down. In order to control children, it is inevitable to use coaxing, cheating, intimidation and even acupuncture.
Low wages will inevitably attract low-level and unqualified teachers; Even if you recruit, you can't stay, and the teacher turnover rate is high and the stability is poor. In this low-wage state, the specialization level of the whole industry cannot be improved, and the industry lacks social appeal. At present, only a few teachers in public kindergartens are basically equal to local primary school teachers, and most teachers are poorly paid, which has become an important factor hindering the healthy development of preschool education in China.
To run a satisfactory preschool education, we must improve the status and treatment of preschool teachers, so that preschool teachers can become "enviable occupations" like primary and secondary school teachers. Only in this way, kindergarten teachers will love their jobs and devote themselves to their work, and more outstanding talents will be willing to devote themselves to preschool education.
Encourage social participation and support the equal development of non-profit private parks and public parks.
Reporter: At present, the proportion of private kindergartens in China has exceeded 60% of the total number of kindergartens. Next, how should we run a private park well?
Wang Daquan (Deputy Director, Policy and Regulation Department, Ministry of Education): Achieving the goal of 80% coverage of inclusive kindergartens means that a considerable proportion of existing private kindergartens will be transformed into inclusive kindergartens, and will be subject to government price restrictions, which requires strong policy support and guidance. Attention should be paid to protecting the relevant rights of private kindergartens protected by the Private Education Promotion Law.
Kevin Z (Vice President of Suzhou Private Education Association): Based on the government price limit and government subsidies, it is often very difficult to develop private GSP kindergartens. The average salary of teachers is less than half that of teachers in public parks, and the phenomenon of teacher turnover is very serious; The class size is generally around 40 to 50 people, which is not conducive to the healthy growth of children. It is suggested that non-profit kindergartens and for-profit kindergartens should be divided according to the provisions of the Law on the Promotion of Private Education, and private kindergartens should be classified and managed. Non-profit kindergarten organizers do not enjoy the ownership of the invested property, and the charging methods for children entering the park are stipulated by the provinces according to the actual situation. At the same time, the government gives policy support in terms of financial input, taxation, land use and teachers' treatment, so that they can enjoy the same treatment as public kindergartens, and the organizers have the right to participate in kindergarten management and other school-running activities. For-profit kindergartens adhere to market rules, decide their own charging standards, and the government supervises and manages them according to law.
Li Lianning (Vice Chairman of the Law Committee of the National People's Congress): Some large foreign enterprises regard kindergartens as an integral part of their competitiveness, so as to encourage their employees to concentrate on their work in the enterprise. Many state-owned enterprises in China have separated kindergartens from enterprises and pushed them to the society, which has caused certain problems.
Adhere to and improve the principle of "government-led" and speed up the formulation of preschool education law
Reporter: The Outline of the National Education Plan proposes that preschool education will be basically popularized by 2020, and a garden-running system with government-led, social participation and both public and private enterprises will be established. How to adhere to and improve the "government-led" principle?
Ye Qilian (Director of Education Office of Education Committee of National People's Congress): Adhering to the government's leadership does not require the government to hold all kindergartens, but requires the government to regard preschool education as a part of the public service system, improve the construction of the public service system for preschool education, and solve the outstanding problems faced by private kindergartens in various ways.
Pang (member the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), deputy director of the Standing Committee of Beijing Municipal People's Congress): Adhere to the principle of government-led, reform and improve the system and mechanism of preschool education, including improving the kindergarten management system with counties as the mainstay and provinces and cities as the whole; In addition to the operating funds of kindergartens, the standards of per capita funds and per capita financial allocation should be established; Increase financial support in investment and garden management system. And realize the replacement of awards through appraisal and other forms.
Reporter: Although the gross enrollment rate of preschool education in China has reached 77.4%, there is still a certain gap from the goal of 85% of the gross enrollment rate of preschool education determined in the 13 th Five-Year Plan, which needs to be guaranteed by special legislation. What problems should be paid attention to in preschool education legislation?
Ye Qilian: In legislative principle, we should persist in seeking truth from facts, proceed from reality, and formulate targeted legal norms for different stages and problems of preschool education development; Ensure the public welfare and inclusiveness of preschool education; We should not only be forward-looking, but also consider the changes of population cycle, the impact of urbanization on urban population development and rural population, and set strategic goals reasonably.
Wang Daquan: To formulate the preschool education law, we need to deal with several pairs of relationships: First, the relationship between solving current problems and long-term development. In the case of limited legislative resources, we should focus on solving the current outstanding problems, but we should also be forward-looking and inclusive, and stipulate various problems of preschool education; Second, the relationship between quality and fairness, pre-school education should emphasize regionalization and popularization, rather than complete equalization; Third, the relationship between publicity and service in the process of marketization. Preschool education is different from compulsory education, and there are many government, society and market subjects, so it is necessary to formulate a legal framework that conforms to this structure and development model; Fourthly, the relationship between grass-roots practice and top-level design absorbs many creative institutional mechanisms produced by grass-roots practice through legislation.