The first is the educational value of cognition or intelligence. This seems to be broken down into several dimensions.
First, enrich knowledge and enhance freedom and strength. A student's mastery of knowledge means that, with the help of human experience, he transcends individual experience, obtains the knowledge referred to by knowledge, clarifies what things are and grasps the characteristics of things, including: seeking truth, knowing for knowledge and understanding why things are; Seeking use, knowledge is a tool, and knowledge is the power to change things. This is of great significance for students to understand the law and possibility of the development of things and gain the freedom of things.
Secondly, the cognitive ability value of knowledge covers the instrumental value and cognitive method value of knowledge. When a student has mastered knowledge, it means that he has mastered cognitive tools and methods. Knowledge includes many concepts, categories, propositions, principles, causality and logical structures expressed in language, words and images. These concepts, categories, propositions, principles, causality and logical structure have some universal significance. Students have mastered this knowledge and expressed it in language, characters, images and symbols, that is, they have mastered the tools for observing specific things. It is like a microscope and telescope, which enables students to see the facts that they could not see before, find the problems that they could not find before, explain the problems that they could not explain before, foresee the possibilities that they could not foresee before, sort out the experiences that they could not comb before, reorganize the knowledge that they could not reorganize before, and express their views that they could not express before. Marx said that industry is an open mind. We can further say that the human world is an open mind. To undertake, understand and continue to write this psychological book, it is very important to participate in life and action, but it is not enough. He also needs to learn scientific and technological knowledge and related knowledge such as economics, sociology and history. The so-called "what you understand can make you feel more deeply" may be largely the reason. At the same time, the process of students learning knowledge is a process of developing knowledge generation and logic from psychology and practice, and a process of reorganizing and transforming new knowledge and existing experience from psychology and practice. In this process, students should perform psychological (observation, thinking, imagination and attention) and behavioral (demonstration, experiment, practice, retrieval, collection and inspection) operations on knowledge, and try and error, screen, optimize, finalize the design, repeat, be proficient and reorganize the operation methods to form students' cognitive methods. Therefore, the process of students learning knowledge is not only the process of acquiring knowledge, but also the process of developing psychological cognitive ability and operational skills, as well as psychological and behavioral patterns. It can be seen that students should not only master the content of knowledge, but also master the tools and methods to acquire knowledge; Not only get the understanding of things, but also master the tools of observing, explaining, analyzing and summarizing things, and develop the methods of operating things psychologically and behaviorally; It is not only the ability to process information and expand knowledge, but also the personality characteristics and tendency to accept and innovate knowledge.
Third, enrich cognitive or cognitive information and resources. It is often said that cognition or cognition is the processing, construction and reorganization of information by thinking and imagination, and knowledge is an important form of this information. Students mastering knowledge means mastering cognitive or cognitive materials and resources. The development of students' cognition depends on the thinking and imagination processing of knowledge materials and resources, from known to unknown, from old knowledge to new knowledge, creatively thinking, imagining, constructing and reorganizing nonexistent existence conceptually or psychologically. Without knowledge and resources and limited to personal direct experience, the development of cognition or cognition will be very closed, very poor, very slow and very limited, and it will often fall into an unimaginable and unimaginable situation. The so-called "thinking without learning is dangerous" may refer to this situation to a large extent.
Fourth, expand horizons and thinking space, imagine space and create space. The breadth and depth of a student's knowledge shows the breadth and depth of his vision of things, the breadth and depth of his thinking space and imagination space. The openness, perception, discrimination, generalization, criticism, reorganization, foresight and freedom of a student's vision are limited to a considerable extent within the possible boundaries provided by his knowledge. At the same time, knowledge is also the intellectual fulcrum for knowledge holders to expand new life boundaries in geography, physics, economy, politics, society and culture. The educational value of knowledge lies in helping students break through the limitations of personal experience, psychologically expand and deepen their horizons, and broaden and enrich their thinking space, imagination space and creation space. People say that "a scholar can know what is going on in the world without going out", which may mean that "a scholar" transcends his own "door" with the help of human knowledge, so as to learn from the past, understand the world, cherish mankind and look forward to the future.