Military common sense theory 1. Encyclopedia of military knowledge
Definition entry: military pinyin: jūn Shiě Meaning: military: something or something related to the army and war.
Explain [military] things related to the army or war. -Sun Wu's "The Art of War" military exercise explained in detail about military or war.
Historical Records Law and Discipline: "Hui Gaozu hated the bitter army and had Xiao Zhang's plan, so Yan Wu took a break and was unprepared." Liu Tang Zongyuan's "Sacrifice to Li Zhongcheng": "The civil history has made a fortune and joined its army."
Yang Shuo's Snowflakes Floating in Manchuria: "The temporary military defeat did not disappoint the Manchurian compatriots." [Edit this paragraph] Introduction Military is the general term for affairs related to war, troops and soldiers.
Military science is related to many categories, mainly war. In addition, military science itself contains all kinds of knowledge.
Military is a part of politics, and war is a continuation of politics. It is a way for a country or group to achieve its goals and objectives through violent means, and goals and objectives are often related to interests. War is the concentrated embodiment of military affairs, but it is not the only embodiment.
The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union (1939-1945) after World War II was a struggle to avoid war on the basis of deterrence. In the foreseeable future, the military will always be an important aspect of political life, which will have a great impact on the scientific and technological life of mankind: many scientific and technological achievements of mankind often originate in the military field and then spread to the non-military field.
Military is the general name of war and all matters directly related to the construction of armed forces. At the beginning of the war in human society, there were no special military organizations and no special weapons and equipment.
Basically, farming and fighting are carried out at the same time, war is fought in wartime, farming and animal husbandry are carried out simultaneously in peacetime, and production tools are used together with combat weapons. Engels compared it to a "hunter".
With the development of social productive forces, the expansion of war scale and the increase of war frequency, the division of labor between production tools and war tools has gradually emerged as a "standing army" organization. With the standing army, the construction and training of the standing army, the improvement of weapons technology and equipment, the improvement of combat skills, and the discussion of winning the war strategy and command art have become important contents of military activities.
With the continuous development of the war, the content of military activities has become more and more extensive, including: the organization, training, management and combat operations of armed forces, especially the standing army, the development, production and use of weapons and equipment, the research and application of strategies and tactics, the storage and supply of war materials, the construction of national defense facilities, and the mobilization, organization and construction of reserve forces. In short, the army gradually formed and developed with the occurrence and development of the war, and it is a series of special organizational activities to ensure the smooth implementation and victory of the war, which directly affects the outcome of the war.
[Edit this paragraph] Modern military science system Modern military science includes two parts: military theory science and military technology science. Military Theory Science: War Military Thought: Armed Forces of Military Art of War Strategists: Strategic War Science of Tactics Military Region Military Operations Research Military System: War Mobilization Military Education Training Military Political Work/Political Operations Military Logistics Military History Military Geography Military Technology Science: Mainly studying modern weapons, Military Engineering and Military Systems Engineering Army Navy Air Force Astronaut Strategic Missile Force Armored Forces Military Technology and Equipment Marginal Discipline: National Defense Economics, National Defense Diplomacy, National Defense Education and Military Management * * Military Linguistics, Military Talents, Military Ethics, Military Psychology, Military Communications, Military History, Military Topography, Military Engineering Geology, Military Meteorology, Military Medicine, Military Oceanography and Military Automation [Edit this paragraph] Related concepts, military affairs or matters related to the army and war.
Military science is a comprehensive science that studies the nature and laws of war and guides the preparation and implementation of war. Also known as military science.
Militaryart: the general name of military training subjects about the theory and application of war guidance and armed forces construction, which is an important part of military science. Military art mainly includes strategy, military service, Science of Tactics, military command, military system, military political work, military logistics, military education and training, national defense economics, military operations research, military history, military geography and other disciplines.
Military technology: technology directly applied to the military field. It is the material basis and technical means to build and run the army and carry out war.
Including all kinds of weapons and equipment and their development, use and maintenance technologies, military engineering and military system engineering. Sometimes it refers to people's skills in manipulating and using weapons and equipment, such as shooting technology, driving technology and electronic equipment operation technology.
Military technology is an important part of military science and an important factor that constitutes the combat effectiveness of the army. Military training: activities of military theory education and combat skills training.
Usually divided into military training, military training in military academies and reserve training (also known as reserve training). Military training plays an important role in the construction of national armed forces and combat readiness. It is the main task of the army in peacetime and an important aspect of combat readiness. Many countries have listed military training as the content of strategic research.
The basic tasks are: to learn military theory, strategy and tactics and military technology, to study and understand the political and economic situation, military ideology, military establishment, weapons and equipment and operational characteristics of the countries (groups) concerned, to be familiar with the topography, hydrology and meteorology of the combat area and their influence on combat operations, to practice the organization, command and coordinated action of various services and arms, to form a joint army, and to cultivate soldiers' strong physique, strict organizational discipline and heroic and tenacious fighting style. The purpose is to improve the military quality and combat effectiveness of the army and be able to perform combat tasks at any time.
Military training is closely related to the country's political economy, military ideology, military technology, as well as the tradition, experience and combat tasks of the army. The progress of society, the development of science and technology, the change of combat style, the establishment of military system and the change of weapons and equipment have constantly put forward new requirements and given new contents to military training. Military training practice has a profound impact on combat and promoted the development of military theory.
Military intelligence: a discipline that takes military intelligence and military intelligence work practice as the research object. A branch of military command.
Main research army.
2. Knowledge of military theory
There are many kinds of bullets and their uses are different. In order to distinguish easily in battle, the tip of the bullet is painted with different colors.
Ordinary bullets are not painted or plated with silver (steel-core bullets). It is an iron core made of steel or lead and covered with a copper sleeve.
Mainly used to kill the enemy's living target. The warhead of the tracer is painted green, with a lead core at the front end and a tracer tube in the middle. The tracer is installed in the pipe with a fixed ring at the tail to prevent the tracer from flowing out.
Tracer bombs are composed of combustible materials (magnesium powder, magnesium-lead alloy powder), oxides (strontium nitrate, barium nitrate, barium peroxide) and adhesives (phenolic resin), so they always lag behind when flying at night. Tracer bombs are mainly used to display trajectory, indicate targets and shoot correctly. When they are used to shoot easily penetrated objects, they will cause combustion.
The warhead of incendiary bomb is painted with color, and the front end inside the warhead is filled with incendiary agent. It consists of lead thermite, barium sulfate, lead powder and magnesium powder.
There is a copper core in the middle of the warhead and a tracer bullet in the back (12.5 m machine gun also has a needle and a fire cap in the warhead). Contains "kindling", which is mainly used to ignite flammable substances, such as enemy grass, wooden camouflage facilities, ammunition depots, fuel depots, assembly vehicles, etc.
It can also be used to shoot some targets such as oil tanks made of thin iron, and it can also receive good results. Armor-piercing incendiary bomb warheads are painted black (some are painted with black and red circles).
Its steel core is made of quenched high carbon steel. The bullet core is covered with a lead sleeve.
The combustion agent is installed at the front end of the warhead, and most of the products produced now are installed at the back end of the warhead. This rotation will be used to shoot the enemy's light armored targets and fuel tanks.
Armor-piercing projectile burning tracer bullet's warhead is painted red and the top is painted purple, which is mainly used for some large-caliber machine guns. Its structure is basically the same as that of incendiary bomb, except that the rear end of warhead is equipped with tracer bomb.
It combines the specialties of various bombs, which can not only indicate the trajectory, but also penetrate the armor, and can also set fire. It is mainly used for shooting at air and long-range targets. The warhead that instantly detonated the bomb was painted white. In addition to the outer armor, the warhead is equipped with explosives in the middle, detonators, armor piercing tubes and detonators in the front, and tracer tubes in the back.
This is a large caliber machine gun bullet, which is used to shoot into the air. When the warhead hits the target, it will detonate the explosive due to the penetration tube and detonator.
The warhead won't explode because it doesn't encounter obstacles in the barrel. However, when the warhead leaves the muzzle and misses the target or obstacle, the flame of the tracer will also ignite the black powder inside, causing the explosive to explode. In addition, there are auxiliary bombs such as blank bombs and coach bombs.
Empty shells are mainly used for exercises, with no warhead, closed shell and embossed seal; Coach play is mainly used to practice loading, unloading and firing. Its shape and weight are similar to ordinary bullets. The shell has three grooves, no propellant charge, and the primer is made of rubber. At present, the official view of the United States is that the use of some precision rifle blanks and submachine gun blanks does not violate the Hague Convention and can be used in war.
The so-called all-metal bullet was invented by the French in the 19th century. Prior to this, warheads were all made of lead, mainly because lead is a relatively heavy metal with low melting point and easy to process. Former soldiers, in their spare time, had to use molten lead to make their own warheads, because each gun had a different caliber and it was difficult to supply them in a unified way.
However, the lead warhead has a big problem because it is soft. Although the bullet can be stabilized by rotating along the double track in the barrel, it is also relatively soft and has a low melting point. Each bullet will leave some lead in the groove of the double track of the gun. It won't be long before the rifle becomes a musket. After the bullet is discharged, it will no longer rotate, and it will no longer be accurate. The Swiss army captain Edouard Rubin (head of the Swiss government weapons laboratory in Thun) also designed the 1888 British 303 7.7mmX56 bullet.
Finally, I was promoted to colonel. I thought, why not cover the lead with a thin layer of copper? Copper is hard, but it can still work with the incoming double track, but it will not fill the incoming double track quickly. So from then on, we had an all-metal bullet.
Although it is an all-metal head, generally speaking, the bottom of the warhead is uncovered. This is because when producing a warhead, a piece of lead is first pressed into the shape of a warhead, and then stuffed into a very thin copper tube, with the front closed and the back cut off.
The procedure is much simpler than the back. At present, there is an all-metal jacket (TMJ) on the market, the back of which is closed to prevent the danger of lead poisoning. The harm of lead poisoning will be discussed separately.
All-metal and short-range FMJ or TMJ warheads will not be expanded. Unless a very hard object is knocked down, the warhead will remain intact, and even if it hits the human body, it will only pass through. This leads to several problems. First, the penetrating power is too strong and the lethality is not enough. The March 8th cover of the Japanese army in World War II is a good example. Often a hole in one. Veterans know that it's no big deal as long as it doesn't hit the nail on the head.
Second: too strong penetration will endanger innocent third parties. Therefore, many police in the United States stipulate the use of expandable warheads. If they get it right, the rest will be fine.
Of course, this assumes that the police hit the right target. Since the army can only use all-metal bullets, how to solve the problem of insufficient lethality? Moreover, the trend in the world is to reduce the size of ammunition so that soldiers can carry more units of ammunition.
Then we must work hard on the exit speed and rifling speed of the warhead to make up for the lack of lethality with high initial velocity. The speed of the warhead is very high, and it will have a strong reaction when it touches anything, just like a jet plane hitting a bird.
In addition, under the condition of slow rifling, the small warhead rolls unsteadily, and may run all over the street after hitting the target, resulting in a big hole. In the 1960s, the US military liked to make a demonstration to convince soldiers that M- 16 was better than M- 14.
They will put two watermelons 100 yards away. If there are no watermelons, they will use plastic milk cans filled with water. The 7.62mm warhead of M- 14 must be penetrated. Once the 5.56mm of M- 16 hits, the target will usually be blown to pieces! This is the result of the unstable warhead. However, the warhead is unstable, and when it encounters a fallen leaf on the flight path, it will disappear.
3. What military knowledge do you have?
Modern military science includes military theory science and military technology science.
Military Theory Science Military Thought War Armed Forces Military Strategist Military Art Strategic War Science of Tactics Military Region Military Operation Research Military System War Mobilization Military Education Training Military Political Work/Political Operation Military Logistics Military History Military Geography Military Technology Science: Mainly Research Modern Weapons, Military Engineering and Military System Engineering Army Navy Air Force Astronaut Strategic Missile Force Armored Forces Military Technology and Equipment Frontier Discipline National Defense Economics National Defense Diplomacy National Defense Education Military Management * * * Learn military linguistics, military talents, military ethics, military psychology, military communications, military history, military topography, military engineering geology, military meteorology, military medicine, military oceanography, military automation, military classics, Sun Tzu's art of war, Sun Bin's art of war, six towers and thirty-six plans, introduction to Sun Tzu's art of war, sea power theory and air superiority.
4. Three aspects of military knowledge
Honestly, my friend, don't like it. Your relationship is not in place! ! ! I have a comrade-in-arms from Nanjing. When the recruits went, they were 170 cm tall and weighed more than 230 kilograms. They rely on relationships. Their hands are so fat that they can't even twist the right angle of the quilt, but the relationship is very hard. There is nothing they can do. The monitor can't beat or scold!
Actually, there is nothing to learn. As for the final choice of arms, it depends on what arms you recruit locally. Of course, if there is a relationship, there can be relative selectivity. As for which is good and which is bad, people you trust know better. Personally, I think you should work-study this year. Take some time out to learn military songs (including eight songs such as listening to the party's command, patriotic dedication, loving the army and martial arts, strict discipline, friendship between officers and men, hard struggle, revolutionary integrity, and being polite to others), because the first important thing after enlistment. Maybe in order to make a good start, the monitor and cadres will regard you with special respect. If there is a relationship, you can take an examination of a military school in the army and have no worries for life. You don't have to learn anything else, such as standing at attention, starting to walk, moving forward and so on. Even if I studied in the army, it doesn't count. I feel that I am not standard. That's all. Good luck in the coming year!
5. Why do college students learn military theoretical knowledge?
It is the duty of college students to learn military theoretical knowledge. China has moved towards a healthy track of governing the country by law and by virtue. Strengthening the concept of legal system is the basic quality that college students should have.
On April 28th, 2006, the 2nd1meeting of the 9th the NPC Standing Committee passed the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on National Defense Education, which stipulated in Article 15: "Institutions of higher learning, senior middle schools and schools equivalent to senior middle schools should combine classroom teaching with military training to provide students with national defense education. Colleges and universities should offer corresponding national defense education courses. " Performing military service obligations and consciously accepting national defense education are sacred obligations entrusted to college students by law. College students are the representatives of outstanding young people of the Chinese nation, and they are important reserve forces for consolidating China's national defense, resisting foreign aggression, defending the independence of the motherland, and safeguarding the country's territorial integrity. Therefore, it is the unshirkable responsibility of college students to perform military service obligations in accordance with the law, receive military training during school, and learn and master basic military theoretical knowledge and skills.
Offering military courses is the call of the times. Historical experience tells us that "the country can't help but guard against it, and the people can't live." Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the national defense education and enhance the national defense concept. The humiliating history of China in modern times, which was full of blood and tears, will never be forgotten by the people of China. A country must have strong economic strength and national defense to stand on its own feet among the nations of the world.
Offering military courses can cultivate high-quality national defense reserve forces and conscientiously implement the party's educational policy, that is, to train builders and successors of the socialist cause with all-round development in morality, intelligence and physique, and its core is to pay attention to cultivating the all-round quality of talents. First of all, we should cultivate students' firm and correct political orientation and good moral quality. Military curriculum is a rational understanding of national defense and military affairs, and it is a theoretical and practical education with patriotism as the core. Defend national security from a moral point of view.
6. The knowledge, ability and quality that a soldier should possess.
Military academy shoulders the heavy responsibility of cultivating high-quality military talents across the century, and military academy education is in an important historical stage of how to further deepen reform and change from traditional education mode to modern quality education mode.
It is an important task for educators in military academies to implement the spirit of implementing quality education at headquarters and penetrate quality education into textbooks, classrooms and the minds of leaders, cadres, teachers and students at all levels. In order to carry out quality education in our hospital and strive to be at the forefront of teaching reform in military academies, the Party Committee of our hospital decided to start the "Innovative Education Project".
Innovative education is an education aimed at cultivating students' all-round quality, and it is a complex systematic project. The basic idea of constructing innovative education system engineering is to grasp the basic connotation of "laying a solid foundation and developing in an all-round way" in quality education, grasp the key link of "developing thinking and personality" in innovative education, and establish an unbalanced talent training path of "qualified groups and outstanding individuals" and a talent model of "fully qualified and outstanding majors".
The implementation of innovative education project is divided into three stages. Stage 1: preparation for startup (1999.9—1999.5438+02. ), system construction, implementation plan and measures; The second stage: practical exploration (2000.6438+0. —2002.438+02.), combining point with surface, developing step by step and in all directions; The third stage: summary and finalization (2003.438+0. —2004.438+02.), deepen the improvement and popularize the results.
Innovative education trains students to highlight three characteristics: it has characteristics in engineering practice and innovative ability; It has characteristics in computer, foreign language operation and application ability; It has its own characteristics in scientific and technological innovation. I. Target system of innovative education (I) The overall goal of innovative education is to break the traditional education model and build a systematic overall system of innovative education.
Gradually establish and improve "modular teaching content system, divergent heuristic teaching method system, information teaching means system, software and hardware integration guarantee system, diversity assessment system and modern teaching management system." Create a unique aviation education base that is conducive to innovative talents to stand out.
Complete the exploration, summary and finalization of innovative education within three years, and realize the fundamental transformation of our college from traditional education mode to modern education mode within five years. (2) The talent quality of innovative education requires that through the development of innovative education, high-quality aviation technical talents with modern thinking mode, good intelligence, innovative spirit and ability, and all-round development of fingers, technology and management should be cultivated to meet the needs of military modernization in the new period.
The qualities that students trained by innovative education should have: political and ideological qualities-establishing a scientific world outlook, outlook on life and values; Have the ability to independently observe, analyze and solve practical social problems by using Marxist standpoints, viewpoints and methods; Form a scientific dialectical way of thinking. Have the potential to serve the army and create the future and the correct value orientation.
Humanistic quality-mastering the necessary humanistic knowledge; Understand the law of scientific development and have the spirit of dedication to science; Care about social development and human progress, have a strong sense of mission and responsibility, and face the changes and development of human society with a positive attitude towards life. Scientific and cultural quality-having a reasonable knowledge structure to meet the needs of modern military development and forming a comprehensive cultural basic quality; Have the ability to apply scientific theory to practice; Have good innovative quality and excellent personality quality.
Professional and technical quality-the knowledge structure mode of cross-infiltration of electromechanical integration of general models; Form scientific engineering thinking mode and engineering practice ability; Proficient in this professional knowledge and skills; Bypass relevant knowledge and skills; Form the ability to master professional knowledge comprehensively; Have the professional quality of one specialty and many functions; Have obvious ability and potential to update self-awareness with career development. The quality of scientific research and innovation-the ability to combine professional independent design and innovation; Have certain scientific research and innovation ability; Form a strong curiosity and thirst for knowledge of creative talents; Creative imagination in science and technology, with the innovative spirit of daring to think and act; Have the practical ability of practical innovation.
Management and command quality-master the basic theory of military management, establish modern management consciousness, and have the management and command ability to adapt to military aviation technical maintenance. Military physical and mental qualities-excellent military skills, strong physique and healthy psychology; Have a certain sense of military adventure; Having a curriculum system that can adapt to work and innovative education under any difficult conditions is the basic project of implementing innovative education, and we must focus on it. Its setting principles are: the combination of arts and sciences, the combination of electromechanical infiltration, and the combination of foundation and specialty; Break down professional barriers and abolish mode teaching; Increase elective courses and appropriately reduce compulsory courses; Set up innovative education and emotional intelligence education courses, and strengthen humanities, thinking, behavior, interdisciplinary and comprehensive science courses.
According to the overall goal of innovative education, the curriculum is divided into four organically related knowledge modules, namely "basic module-professional module-expansion module-research module", which constitutes the knowledge structure system of innovative education. Basic module-Basic module is the "cornerstone" of innovative education project, which fundamentally determines the depth and breadth of innovative education.
Basic courses must be based on the principle of "thickness, width and novelty" and appropriately adjusted and supplemented. According to the goal of innovative education, courses aimed at cultivating students' innovative ability, emotional intelligence quality and improving humanistic quality are offered.
Such as humanities, thinking science, behavioral science, interdisciplinary science, comprehensive science and other courses. Professional module-Professional module is the main content of training modern aviation technical talents, and it must adapt to the development trend of military high technology and highlight professional characteristics.
We should screen and reform the professional courses offered at present, reconstruct the professional knowledge structure system according to the requirements of innovative education and general model, and form a new professional curriculum system structure that is organic rather than patchwork. The setting of professional courses should focus on new machines and equipment, and assimilate the old with the new.
Military academy shoulders the heavy responsibility of cultivating high-quality military talents across the century, and military academy education is in an important historical stage of how to further deepen reform and change from traditional education mode to modern quality education mode. It is an important task for educators in military academies to implement the spirit of implementing quality education at headquarters and penetrate quality education into textbooks, classrooms and the minds of leaders, cadres, teachers and students at all levels.