There are different opinions about who is behind 1962' s counterattack against India, mainly including Lin, Liu, Ye and Luo. Among them, in what capacity and to what extent did Liu Bocheng participate in the command, which made people curious. This article gives a brief introduction.

Liu Bocheng, the "military god", was born for war. Before the founding of New China, he had been fighting and made great contributions. After the founding of New China, Liu Shuai had more time to run schools, silently trained and educated countless people, which had a far-reaching impact on the construction and development of our army. Compared with other teachers, he is a little far from the temple, and there is no army like in the war years. In the years before and after the counterattack against India, he was not in the spotlight, so few people knew his great role in the Sino-Indian war.

1September, 959, the CMC established a strategic group, with Liu Bocheng as the team leader and Xu as the deputy team leader. Yang Chengwu, vice president, is the director of the strategy group office.

This strategic group is not a power exercise organization, but more an advisory function. In the current words, it is more like a think tank. During this period, Liu Bocheng himself said many times that he was a "disabled soldier" and an "supernumerary staff officer", and his suggestions were "only for the decision-making of the Military Commission and the headquarters".

But! How can such a respected and outstanding founding father be a "supernumerary staff officer" when he is placed in a regiment? How can his opinion be just a "reference"? In this special post, Liu Bocheng has worked hard for national defense construction, especially for war preparation. He went deep into the investigation and study of the army, analyzed the problems realistically and wrote many important reports to the top. From the world strategic situation to the battlefield preparation for the future anti-aggression war; From the development of weapons, the construction of railways, and the lightening of soldiers' burdens, his series of thoughtful and far-sighted suggestions have received special attention, and directly entered the decision-making, which has promoted the construction of national defense, especially the construction of combat readiness, and laid the foundation for his participation in commanding 1962 China-India War.

From 1959, when Liu Bocheng was the head of the strategic group, the Sino-Indian war was already brewing. 1959 in the summer and autumn, India began to harass and invade our country, causing bloodshed and the situation became tense. China put up with it again, but India pushed its luck and made it worse. In the case of unbearable retreat, the curtain of self-defense counterattack on the Sino-Indian border was opened.

1962 in may, Liu Bocheng made a clear judgment: "the border conflict between China and India will surely develop into a border war of considerable scale." He believes that "this battle must be won. Destroy the enemy's effective force as much as possible. Only in this way can we free our hands from this direction as soon as possible to deal with the main enemies (the United States and the Soviet Union). "

According to the special geographical conditions of Tibet Plateau and the experience of the Second Field Army 18 Army, Liu Bocheng is most worried about the logistics supply and roads of the troops. He said to the head of the General Logistics Department: "Looking at the recent situation in India, logistics work should be fully prepared. There are three ways to enter Tibet: Kangzang, Qingzang and Xinzang. Kangzang Road and Qingzang Road are of great strategic significance. " He also said: "The rear base should pay attention to concealment, digging ditches, digging holes and disguising to prevent the enemy from carrying out air strikes on our rear base."

From 1962, 10, 10 to 17, Liu Bocheng repeatedly put forward specific opinions on the continuous invasion by Indian troops. He asked all teams to pay close attention to pre-war training and get familiar with the terrain and roads. "To concentrate advantages by night attack and surprise attack tactics, first destroy the enemy's key points (such as command centers or major groups)." "All articles should be written on the word" quick victory "to avoid distracting troops."

From June 65438 to1October1June 8 to1June 9, Liu Bocheng gave important instructions to Xinjiang troops: "How to annihilate the enemy thoroughly, cleanly and thoroughly ... We must find ways to disperse the enemy. I am very worried about gnawing bones ... tactics are not dead things, and indigenous methods can win battles, which is good tactics. "

10 year1October 20th, the self-defense counterattack was launched simultaneously in the eastern and western sections of the Sino-Indian border. In the eastern section, the right-wing forces that carried out the main assault quickly conquered gun bases and other places, such as Kalong and Dongdong. The left wing helped the army to cooperate closely, and successively captured Shaze and Zhongkun Bridge, and at the same time bypassed Zhang Duo. By the afternoon of the same day, most of the Indian troops were annihilated and one person fled.

After that, our soldiers were divided into five roads, pursued by victory, and directly won Tawang. Indian troops from all over the country fled to the south of the Tawang River. The border guards in Qamdo, Linzhi and Shannan also fought back against the Indian troops who invaded face to face, uprooting the Indian troops' invasion strongholds in Xialingong, Karin and Lamuduo, and occupying Yigutong and Golixiniang.

In the western section, Xinjiang border guards counterattacked the invading Indian army in the Wan Jiale Valley and Hongshantou. After 1 hour of fierce fighting, they destroyed the enemy. Subsequently, the victory expanded, and the Indian army strongholds on both sides of Bangong Lake and its northern area were swept away.

The first stage of self-defense counterattack was successfully completed. In the eastern section, our army crossed the McMahon line, entered Tawang, annihilated the seventh brigade of the Indian army, and captured Brigadier General Darvi of the seventh brigade. In the western section, a total of 37 Indian invasion strongholds were cleared.

Brigadier General Darvi (middle), Brigadier General of the Seventh Brigade of Indian Army, was the supreme commander of our captured soldiers in the 1962 counter-attack on the Indian border. After being captured, he was given preferential treatment by our army. Give him two cigarettes and half a catty of fruit candy every week, and arrange for him to travel to Shanghai. After being repatriated, he was promoted to two levels in a row. It is not surprising that he smiled brightly when he was captured, because he was treated so well in his failure.

Liu Bocheng was very happy after seeing the good news of the first phase of operation. He judged that the Indian army would not give up and the war would continue, so he took the time to read the information and study the development trend of the war against the map. He called the General Staff Department and asked about the other participating troops. He asked about the movement of the Indian army face to face, the forces that the Indian army might use to counterattack, the traffic situation in the war zone, and which rivers were navigable. He asked ZongCan tell the frontline troops:

"The road to the front needs to be repaired quickly. Immediately organize special personnel to survey the terrain, roads and residential areas in the control area. Wherever the troops go, the situation must be clear and accurate, and geographical issues cannot be ignored. If this is not done well, it is equivalent to losing operational command. "

Liu Bocheng attaches great importance to terrain and road problems, mainly to ensure smooth transportation and logistics supply. To this end, he once again pointed out with concern: "The Indian army is retreating, the transportation conditions are better than before, and it is more difficult for us to transport materials. The Indian army may use the air force to block us and should prepare for protection in advance. " "Some comrades tend to regard rear supply as second-class work. In fact, fighting must first consider using, eating and wearing. "

He summed up the experience of the first stage of counter-offensive operations and repeatedly stressed to the troops: "Mountain operations should avoid frontal hard tops. There are three experiences worth noting: first, as long as there is a detour, even if you take more roads, you will not hesitate. Second, there is no way, you can also use a ravine (a depression between two ridges) to insert it. Generally speaking, the mountain moves along the canyon, and eventually you can climb over the ridge. The third is to advance along the back of the mountain and cooperate with each other. Attack along the river should go hand in hand from both sides of the river, don't just stare at one side and meet the enemy's side attack. If we must attack head-on, we must persist in fighting bravely. Meet the brave in the narrow road and win. At this time, there can be no hesitation. "

165438+1In mid-October, the Indian army mobilized more troops and weapons, and prepared to continue attacking the Indian army, focusing on the eastern section of the Sino-Indian border. In order to curb our army's frontal counterattack, the Indian army deployed in stages in Xishankou, Shannan region of Tibet, forming a configuration with strong exterior lines and weak side and rear. This feature was suddenly caught by Liu Bocheng. He pointed out: "As far as I am concerned, the enemy in the east is concentrated in the direction of Xishankou and Band-Aid. The enemy's configuration features are: copper head, tin tail, tight back, loose belly ... from northwest to southeast, lined up in a long snake array to defend us. In the direction of Xishankou, the enemy's left wing is its belly. It is easier to operate from here than from behind. "

He asked the troops to take circuitous encirclement tactics to deal with it, saying: "Divide and rule is a military principle and an important tactic; Frontal attack and circuitous troops, long-distance circuitous and close-range encirclement of circuitous troops, troops in this direction and that direction, infantry and artillery, etc. Must act in a coordinated manner. "

Regarding the use of artillery, Liu Bocheng made a detailed explanation: At present, artillery is basically used centrally, and the deployment of light before heavy is mostly due to the terrain. The artillery group under centralized command should send communication classes, liaison officers or representatives to the infantry regiment, battalion and even company, through which the infantry can make demands on the artillery, and the artillery can also instruct the specific targets of shooting through them. This will not injure yourself by mistake, but also effectively support the infantry. In a word, how to cooperate with mountain infantry guns well and closely, we should think more ways to avoid accidental injury.

In particular, he told the commander: "First, the road problem should be investigated specially and this key should be grasped;" Second, there is a unified time and plan, and to ensure its implementation, we must take some corresponding measures and carefully consider various factors affecting the advancement and movement of troops in advance; Third, troops in all directions should have independent combat capability. When these points are done, the converging attack will be sure. "

Liu Bocheng also considered the issue of air defense and told us to pay attention to two aspects, air defense and air defense. "Under the existing conditions, we should combine the two. Some mountain passes will also cause great trouble if they are occupied by the enemy. "

Liu Bocheng is in Beijing, and his heart is on the line. He has thought of almost all the problems that the combat troops may encounter, and put forward a series of practical countermeasures, which can be described as strategizing and winning thousands of miles.

165438+1October 14 and16, the Indian army attacked again. 165438+1October16 our army resolutely counterattacked, and the second stage of self-defense counterattack started.

In the direction of Xishankou in the eastern section, our army, according to Liu Bocheng's instructions of "heading, beating the back, laparotomy and cutting the tail", adopted the tactics of muzzle the front, flanking the two wings and circuitous the abdomen and back, and formed a converging attack on the Indian army in one fell swoop. In June of 5438+08, he launched a general attack, successively captured Xishankou, Shengezong, Luomadong, Dieleizong, Band-Aid La and other places, and killed Brigadier General Singh of the 62nd Brigade of the Indian Army. In the other direction of the eastern section, the main force of the border guards went deep into the Indian army that night, uprooted their strongholds and headed south. 2 1, approaching the traditional custom line of the Sino-Indian border. Shannan and Linzhi border guards took advantage of the situation and quickly reached the scheduled area.

In the western section, Xinjiang border guards cleared six remaining strongholds of the invading Indian army in Bangong Lake area, and pushed the Indian army back to the Indian side of the traditional custom line.

It was not until the war was completely over that Liu Bocheng's tense nerves relaxed. This year, the veteran is 70 years old. It can be said that this is the last battle of the army god.

Liu Bocheng's position in the Strategic Group of the Military Commission was glowing. Until the beginning of this special decade, 1966, the office of the Strategic Group was cancelled, and the group existed in name only, and its work was actually suspended. Since then, on the one hand, Liu Bocheng no longer holds any substantive work, on the other hand, his health is also greatly worse than before, especially the vision of his only left eye is seriously reduced, and he is even on the verge of blindness. Even under such circumstances, he still wants to strengthen our national defense and assist teachers such as Chen, Ye, Xu and Nie with his disabled body. He is loyal and has a bright future.

References: Biography of Liu Bocheng, Selected Military Works of Liu Bocheng, Biography of Marshal Liu Bocheng.

Deeply cultivate the history of war and promote positive energy. Bing said that all parties are welcome to contribute, and private letters will be answered.