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What is the relationship between teaching and learning?
Teaching and learning

The relationship between teaching and learning is a basic problem in teaching theory. The new teaching concept is: teaching is for not teaching. How to scientifically understand the relationship between teaching and learning is the logical starting point of the whole teaching theory system. The relationship between teaching and learning is a basic problem in the teaching process and an important theoretical problem in teaching theory. Teaching and learning are the unity of teachers' teaching and students' learning, and the essence of this unity is communication and interaction. Nowadays, in this era that requires quality education, pedagogy is particularly important. Based on this, the new curriculum regards the teaching process as a process of teacher-student communication, benign interaction and common development. There is no teaching without communication and interaction, and those "teaching" that are only formal expressions of teaching without substantive communication are all fake teaching.

In traditional teaching, teachers are responsible for teaching and students are responsible for learning. Teaching is a one-way "training" activity between teachers and students, which is manifested as follows: first, teaching is the center, and learning revolves around teaching. Teachers are the owners and teachers of knowledge. For students who are curious about knowledge, a teacher is a treasure house of knowledge, a living teaching material and a learned person. Without teachers to impart knowledge, students cannot learn knowledge. Therefore, teachers are the masters of the classroom. The so-called teaching means that teachers impart their knowledge to students. The relationship between teaching and learning becomes: I speak and you listen; I ask, you answer; I write, you copy. In this class, "bilateral activities" have become "unilateral activities", and teaching has replaced learning. Students are taught, not learned by themselves, let alone learned. The second is to give priority to teaching, teaching before learning, teaching before learning, and how much to teach. How much to learn. Teachers dominate control science.

In this form, teaching should be changed. Teaching is the interaction between teaching and learning. Teachers and students communicate with each other, inspire each other and complement each other. In this process, teachers and students share their thoughts, experiences and knowledge. Exchange each other's feelings, experiences and ideas, enrich the teaching content and make new discoveries, so as to reach a consensus, share and make progress together, and realize mutual learning and common development of teaching. Communication shows that teaching is not the mechanical addition of teachers' teaching and students' learning; Traditional teaching by teachers and learning by students in a strict sense will constantly give way to mutual teaching and learning by teachers and students, and they will form a real "learning community" with each other. In this community, "students' teachers, teachers' students" no longer exist, but are replaced by new terms: students like teachers, teachers like students. "Teachers are no longer just teaching, but being taught through dialogue. Students are taught at the same time. They are jointly responsible for the whole growth. "For teaching, communication means everyone's participation, and equality means the construction of the meaning of cooperation. This is not only a process of cognitive activities, but also an equal spiritual exchange between people. For students, communication means the prominence of subjectivity, the expression of individuality and the liberation of creativity. Communicating with teachers is not only to impart knowledge, but to share understanding and jointly promote learning; Class is not a one-way effort, but a process of life activities, professional growth and self-realization. Communication also means the change of teacher's role orientation: the teacher has changed from the protagonist of teaching to the "equal chief", from the traditional knowledge giver to the promoter of modern students' development.

Therefore, teaching reform is imperative, and classroom teaching reform is particularly important. Classroom teaching is the most basic form of school education. For a long time, China's school education has been deeply influenced by the educational thought of the former Soviet Union, and quite a few schools still basically maintain the traditional teaching methods, that is, the traditional mode of "a blackboard, a piece of chalk, a mouth, a book" or "blackboard+wall chart". Usually, teachers talk a lot and students listen to the rules. It pays attention to teachers' skills of "teaching" and pays less attention to students' laws of "learning"; Emphasis on imparting knowledge, ignoring the development of students' intelligence, teachers mainly rely on personal experience and personal professional knowledge; Organizing teaching content by dictation, writing lesson plans and lesson plans are basically in the form of lecture notes or outlines. Classroom teaching is basically a teacher performing his own world, and there are few opportunities for students to participate.

Traditional classroom teaching has the characteristics of personal experience, uncertainty and subjectivity to a certain extent, so there are many disadvantages: monotonous teaching form, backward teaching media, single teaching method, low teaching efficiency, weak feedback of teaching information, insufficient two-way communication between teachers and students, and most students are in a state of passively accepting knowledge and skills, which seriously inhibits students' initiative and creativity. For example, in accounting teaching, when it comes to the contents of account books, just drawing one or two general ledgers or subsidiary ledgers on the blackboard takes up almost one class, and the teaching efficiency is low. This situation is not commensurate with the progress and development of modern science and technology. It is not in harmony with the exponential growth of scientific knowledge and even the knowledge explosion. It also does not meet the requirements of adapting to the knowledge and ability structure of future talents. Therefore, the reform of classroom teaching is very necessary.

Classroom teaching needs reform, and some scholars put forward the view that high acceptance learning is discovery learning; Some put forward new teaching methods, such as self-study counseling, active teaching method, and question guidance method; Some emphasize the reform of teaching content; Others emphasized the development of audio-visual teaching, and even for a time people exaggerated the role of audio-visual teaching, thinking that it could replace the face-to-face teaching of teachers. Later, the opposite tendency appeared that audio-visual teaching can only play a little auxiliary role, which led to the separation or even exclusion of audio-visual teaching from traditional teaching, which led to the failure to play its due role in teaching or the low utilization rate of audio-visual teaching materials, and the classroom teaching form was still traditional dictation teaching.

How to reform classroom teaching? We believe that classroom teaching reform is a systematic project, and the classroom teaching process is a complex dynamic system composed of teaching objectives, teaching contents, teaching means, teaching methods, teaching organization structure, teachers and students. It is not enough to focus only on one aspect (such as simple teaching content or teaching methods). Only by systematically designing the whole teaching process can the overall optimization of classroom teaching be realized. For example, in accounting teaching practice, due to the poor effect of traditional classroom teaching, especially when it comes to vouchers, account books, statements and other contents, the capacity of each class is small and the efficiency is low. In the process of learning, students can only read the format of textbooks or newspapers, which is not easy to understand and lacks intuition, and it is difficult for teachers to explain specific practical operations. Therefore, it is more urgent to reform the traditional classroom teaching in accounting teaching, but the reform should be carried out from the whole teaching process. If only one aspect is reformed, the effect is not ideal, because May Day in the whole teaching process is closely related. For example, the reform of teaching means and methods, the display of multi-blackboard wall charts in audio-visual education has enhanced the intuition and increased the teaching capacity. The teaching objectives, teaching contents and teaching organization structure should also be adapted to it, and teachers should also have relevant audio-visual education knowledge. In other words, to truly realize the overall optimization of classroom teaching, it is necessary to reform the whole process of accounting teaching.

Our classroom teaching reform practice shows that only by combining advanced teaching methods with scientific teaching methods can we truly exert the power of modern educational means; However, advanced teaching means and methods must be organically combined with the reform of teaching content in order to truly reflect the high-quality teaching effect. Because the only purpose of teaching means and teaching methods is to express the teaching content, the teaching goal is the general orientation of teaching content, teaching means and teaching methods, and their organic connection and organization constitute the unity of classroom teaching structure. It can be seen that only by using systematic methods can we deeply analyze the elements of classroom teaching and their combinations and connections; Only by realizing the overall matching and optimization of teaching objectives, teaching contents, teaching methods and teaching means can we form the best structure of classroom teaching system and realize the real classroom teaching reform.

As teachers, it is our duty to teach and educate people, and as students, it is also our duty to learn knowledge. The unity of teaching and learning will promote the development of the whole society and culture. Therefore, teaching reform is very necessary. Of course, you can't kill him with a stick. The so-called contradiction is special, which requires us to analyze specific problems and take corresponding reforms for different regions and students. We believe that the development of education in China will be bright!