1. The Education Law of Balfour established universal secondary public schools.
At the beginning of the 20th century, facing the background that everyone needs secondary education, Balfour, the chairman of the British Education Commission, issued a series of policies to solve the problem of insufficient secondary education and strengthen the management of local education by the state.
1. education administration: set up local education bureaus to manage local primary education, secondary education and normal education, as well as church schools and private schools. Improve the quality of local education management.
2. Develop secondary education: generally establish secondary public schools.
Since then, an education management system combining the central and local governments has been formed, with local education bureaus as the main body and friendly cooperation between the central and local governments. The advantage of local unified management is that local governments have the ability to link primary education with secondary education and lay the foundation for a unified public education system. At this time, a series of secondary public schools were established for the children of middle and lower working people.
Second, Fisher Education Act makes primary education free.
1. Strengthen the local management of education and strengthen the supervision of the State Education Commission. This is actually a step towards centralization.
2. Expand compulsory education. The local authorities set up kindergartens for children aged 2-5. It is stipulated that 5- 14 years old is the compulsory education stage. Primary school is free.
3. Local education authorities establish and maintain continuing education schools. Provide suitable study courses and education and training for young people aged 14- 16.
Fisher Education Act perfected the allergy education system in Britain and adjusted the relationship between the central and local governments, but at this time, the primary and secondary schools in Britain were not completely fair and open. The middle and lower classes have very few secondary education choices, so they can only go to public modern middle schools, and only nobles can enter public schools and receive high-quality secondary education.
Thirdly, the Hado report and spence report opened secondary education to all students for the first time, linking primary education with secondary education.
Hado's report determined that the primary education should be before 1 1 year-old, and when 1 1 year-old, children's secondary education should be decided by the way of examination diversion. The choices are: grammar middle school, selective modern middle school, non-selective modern middle school, and advanced classes in public primary schools.
Spencer fully affirmed Hado's policy, but divided the secondary education stage into three categories: grammar middle school, modern middle school and technical middle school. And imagine a kind of "academy", that is, a multidisciplinary school.
Fourthly, the landmark education reform of the education reform law of 1944 has strengthened the connection between primary and secondary schools and made secondary education compulsory.
1. Strengthen the leadership of the central government over local education and set up the Ministry of Education to take charge of national education.
2. Strengthen local education administrative power and establish a public education system linking primary education, secondary education and continuing education.
3. It is stipulated that the age of 5- 15 is the compulsory education stage, and full-time or part-time education is provided for over-age personnel who have not received compulsory education.
4. Higher requirements are put forward for religious education, normal education and higher education.
The Act formed a modern British national education system and further affirmed the friendly and cooperative relationship between the central and local governments. Under this bill, compulsory education in 10 is basically universal.