1, guiding principle: adhere to the correct political direction, the goal of moral education should meet the requirements of the principles, policies and general tasks in the new period, and the ideal of moral education should be combined with reality.
2. Guiding principles: explain the truth, guide the thinking, guide the situation, follow the guidance, praise and encourage, positive education, and affirm the progress of students.
3. The principle of combining respect for students with strict requirements: educators should have a sense of responsibility, respect and care for students, be strict with students according to educational goals and moral education goals, and carefully manage them.
4. The principle of unity of knowledge and practice: theoretical education improves students' ideological and moral understanding, guides students to participate in various social practice activities, and urges students to deepen their emotional experience and develop good behavior habits. To evaluate students' adherence to the unity of knowing and doing, educators should set an example and be strict with themselves.
5. The principle of combining positive education with discipline: adhere to positive education, put facts and reason, convince people by reasoning, improve school rules and regulations and conventions and codes of collective organizations, strictly manage and conscientiously implement them.
6. The principle of relying on positive factors and overcoming negative factors: split into two parts, comprehensively analyze and objectively evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of students.
7. The principle of consistency and coherence of educational influence: give full play to the collective role of teachers, strive for the cooperation of parents and society, keep moral education regular and institutionalized, and handle the convergence work well.
8. The principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude: understand the students' personality characteristics and inner world, educate them in a targeted manner, and educate them in a planned way according to their age characteristics.
The teaching principles are as follows:
1, intuitive teaching principle: according to the needs of teaching activities, let students directly perceive the learning object. This principle is put forward in view of the contradiction between the theoretical knowledge such as words, concepts and principles in teaching and the things they represent.
2. Inspirational teaching principle: refers to fully mobilizing students' conscious enthusiasm in teaching, allowing students to take the initiative to learn, so as to understand and master what they have learned.
3. Consolidate the teaching principle: it means that special review should be arranged constantly in teaching, so that students can firmly grasp and preserve what they have learned. This principle is put forward to deal with the contradiction between acquiring new knowledge and retaining old knowledge in teaching. Old knowledge is the foundation of new knowledge. Humans have long noticed the value of consolidation for learning. Confucius said, "Keep pace with the times" and "review the past and learn new things".
4. The principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude (acceptability principle): It means that teaching activities should be suitable for students' development level. This principle is put forward to prevent the teaching difficulty from being lower than or higher than the actual level of students. Explain it with the recent development of Vygotsky.
5. Step-by-step teaching principle (systematic principle): It means that teaching activities should be carried out continuously, coherently and systematically. This principle is put forward to deal with the complex relationship among the order of teaching activities, the system of subject courses, the system of scientific theories and the law of students' development.
6. The principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude: The principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude requires teachers to adopt different ways and methods in teaching activities, proceed from the reality of students and carry out differentiated education according to the specific conditions of different teaching objects, so that each student can get his fullest and best development on his own original basis.
7. The principle of integrating theory with practice: This teaching principle means that teaching activities must adhere to the combination and unity of theory and practice, analyze practice with theory, and verify theory with practice, so that students can understand and master knowledge from the combination of theory and practice, and learn to use knowledge in the process of this combination.
8. The principle of combining science with education means that teaching should be conducted under the guidance of scientific methodology. This principle is put forward to unify the teaching of scientific knowledge with ideological and moral education.