Carrying out quality education is a strategic measure for China to meet the challenge of 2 1 century, improve the national quality and train trans-century talents. This paper will briefly analyze quality education from three aspects: what is quality education, why it should be implemented and how to implement it.
First, what is quality education?
To know what quality education is, we must first know what quality is. The meaning of quality has narrow sense and broad sense. Quality in a narrow sense is the concept of quality in the physiological and psychological sense, that is, "genetic quality". Ci Hai wrote: "Quality refers to the original characteristics and original foundation of people or things in some aspects. Psychologically, it refers to the innate anatomical and physiological characteristics of human beings, mainly the characteristics of sensory organs and nervous system, and is the physiology of human psychological development. But it cannot determine people's psychological content and development level. " This is a typical narrow quality explanation. Quality in a broad sense refers to the concept of quality in the sense of education. It refers to "the inherent, relatively stable and long-term physical and mental characteristics and its basic quality structure obtained by people through environmental influence and education and training on the basis of innate physiology, which is usually called literacy." It mainly includes people's moral quality, intellectual quality, physical quality, aesthetic quality, labor skill quality and so on.
Regarding the meaning of quality education, the State Education Commission's Opinions on Actively Promoting the Implementation of Quality Education in Primary and Secondary Schools clearly explains: "Quality education is an education aimed at improving the quality of the people. It is based on the national education policy stipulated in the Education Law, focusing on the requirements of the educated and the long-term development of society, with the fundamental purpose of facing all students and improving their basic quality in an all-round way, and focusing on cultivating the attitude and ability of the educated and promoting their liveliness in moral, intellectual and physical aspects.
Quality education and all-round development education are basically the same. All-round development education is to promote the full, free, active and positive development of people's intelligence and physical strength, that is, to promote the harmonious and unified development of people's talents, interests and specialties. At the same time, it includes the development of people's moral level and aesthetic taste. Quality education also focuses on promoting people's all-round development and improving people's comprehensive quality. The educational goals and personnel training goals achieved by these two educational concepts are essentially the same.
Quality education and "exam-oriented education" are two fundamentally opposite educational views. The so-called "exam-oriented education" refers to "an objective tendency in China's educational practice to deviate from the actual needs of educated groups and social development, simply to cope with exams, pursue high scores, and unilaterally pursue the rate of enrollment." (3) their opposition is mainly reflected in the following points:
1, with different educational purposes. "Examination-oriented education" focuses on scores and selection, aiming at obtaining high scores and qualifications for further studies, which is a short-sighted behavior of quick success and instant benefit; Quality education meets the needs of the individual development and social development of the educated, aiming at improving the national quality and pursuing the long-term interests and goals of education.
2. The education target is different. "Exam-oriented education" attaches importance to students with high scores, ignoring most students and poor students, and attaches importance to students with high scores, or more accurately, attaches importance to high scores. This violates the purpose of compulsory education and the principle of "everyone enjoys equal educational opportunities". Quality education is for all students, which enables everyone to develop, and which everyone develops on their own basis. All of them are fully developed within the scope of his talent. Quality education is also differential education. Quality education is for every student, just for every different student, that is, quality education requires equality and respect for every student.
3. The content of education is different. "Exam-oriented education" closely focuses on the needs of exams and further studies, and implements one-sided knowledge teaching. Only teach the exam-oriented content and ignore the cultivation of non-exam-oriented ability. For example, Chinese and foreign languages ignore the training of listening and speaking ability, so students can't give full play to the communicative function of language; In mathematics and physics, the application of theoretical knowledge and hands-on operation are neglected, so that students are helpless in the face of practical problems. Quality-oriented education is based on the improvement of students' comprehensive quality and teaches educational content suitable for students' development and social development.
4. Different ways of education. "Exam-oriented education" adopts the practice of quick success and instant benefit, and engages in tactics such as question type, guessing questions, overtime, rote memorization and cramming. This not only increases students' academic burden, but also makes students' ability not fully cultivated. Quality education requires developing students' potential and advantages, attaching importance to inspiration and guidance, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, and letting students learn to learn and develop vividly.
5. Educational evaluation criteria are different. "Exam-oriented education" requires that all the work of the school should be centered on preparing for exams, that students should accumulate knowledge, forms and exam-oriented skills related to exams and get high marks, and that teachers should regard scores as the only pursuit of teaching and the only yardstick to measure the level of students and teachers. Quality education is based on the overall improvement of students' quality, and comprehensively measures students' quality and teachers' level in various forms.
6. The results of education are different. Under the "exam-oriented education", most students are neglected, tired of learning, one-sided development, suppressed personality and lack the ability to continue to develop. Under the quality education, all students' potential can be brought into full play, their quality can be comprehensively improved, and their personality can be fully and freely developed, laying a solid foundation for future development.
Second, why should we implement quality education?
Implementing quality education is the call of the times and the need of social development.
Implementing quality education is the need of China's socialist modernization and the urgent need to meet international competition.
2 1 century has arrived. China's economic system has changed from a planned economy to a socialist market economy, and the mode of economic growth has changed from extensive to intensive. We are implementing the strategy of "rejuvenating the country through science and education" and "sustainable development", and we should grasp the strategic initiative in the fierce international competition in the 2 1 century. In the grand practice of modernization and in the process of completing the new social transformation, we are faced with the problem of insufficient capital, technology and material resources, and the biggest problem is quality and talents. In a developing country with a large population and a weak foundation, how to turn the heavy population burden into the advantage of human resources is the key to modernization. As pointed out in the report of the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it largely depends on the improvement of national quality and the development of human resources. "The improvement of national quality must rely on education, and the development of human resources refers to education. This requires us to give priority to the development of education and implement quality education. Only in this way can we realize the fundamental task of developing education and improving the quality of the people. As pointed out in the Outline of Education Reform and Development in China, "develop education, improve the quality of the whole nation, and reduce the heavy population burden.
2. The implementation of quality education is the need to meet the challenge of science and technology in 2 1 century.
The characteristics of contemporary scientific and technological development are: the speed of development is accelerated, and breakthroughs in new fields are increasing; The discipline is highly differentiated and comprehensive; The cycle of transforming science and technology into productive forces is greatly shortened; The spread of knowledge and information transcends time and space. The rapid development of contemporary science and technology has also brought about the continuous adjustment of industrial structure and the extensive flow of occupations. All these put forward new requirements for the quality training and education of people in the future. In order to better meet the challenges of science and technology and knowledge economy in the 2 1 century, everyone must study all his life and constantly adjust, improve and develop himself. Under the concept of lifelong education and big education, the stage of basic education has special significance.
3. Implementing quality education is not only the requirement of the society, but also the requirement of the education field itself.
China is implementing nine-year compulsory education. The so-called compulsory education refers to a certain number of years of education that must be guaranteed by the state, society and family according to the law. The implementation of compulsory education marks a revolutionary change in the concept of social education from minority to whole, from rights to obligations, from family and personal affairs to social affairs. The essential requirement of compulsory education is to make everyone get the development they deserve, and quality education is oriented to all and embodies compulsory education.
Lifelong education is a key for us to open the door of 2 1 century. The concept of lifelong education was first applied to adult education, and then gradually applied to vocational education. Now it includes the whole education process and all aspects of personality development. "Therefore, lifelong education has become a tool and all forms of expression, and all expressions and teaching actions at all stages constitute a circular relationship." "It first cares about children's education and helps them live the life they deserve. At the same time, its main task is to train future adults and prepare them for various forms of autonomy and self-study. " (4) This requires the implementation of quality education in the basic education stage to cultivate students' basic quality to meet the requirements of lifelong learning.
Implementing quality education is the need to overcome the tendency of "exam-oriented education". China's primary and secondary education has long been troubled by the tendency of "exam-oriented education" and the one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate, which violates the principles of education law and compulsory education law, affects the comprehensive implementation of the national education policy, and is not conducive to the all-round development and healthy growth of the younger generation, to the service of education for socialist modernization, and to society, economy, politics and the 20th century.
The tendency of "exam-oriented education" can no longer meet the needs of the times. Implementing quality education is a basic education reform topic that has been gradually clarified and put forward in overcoming the tendency of "exam-oriented education". Quality education is the need of the times and society, the theme of China's basic education reform, and the general countermeasure to overcome the influence of "exam-oriented education".
Third, how to implement quality education.
1. Change the concept of education. At present, China is carrying out the grand cause of socialization and modernization. Modernization is not only the modernization of "things", but also the modernization of "people", which ultimately depends on the modernization of people. The most fundamental thing of human modernization is to improve people's quality. There are some phenomena in China, such as corruption, moral decline and weak legal concept. It is directly related to the low quality of some citizens. At the same time, China's modernization cannot be carried out without the international environment, and we will face fierce challenges and competition for a long time. In order to revitalize, develop and realize modernization, the Chinese nation must adhere to economic construction, give priority to education and raise quality education to a height related to the rise and fall of the Chinese nation. The key is to change the concept of education. Education should be oriented to all students, so that each student can improve in an all-round way on his own basis and actively promote the popularization of compulsory education. In the stage of compulsory education, we should dilute the consciousness of selection and admit that the educated can mobilize their enthusiasm and initiative on their own basis, so that their personality can be fully developed and their comprehensive quality can be improved and improved on their own basis.
2. Change students' point of view. Students are the main body of education, and their growth mainly depends on their own initiative. To fully develop students' personality, we must stimulate students' subjective consciousness, give full play to their innovative spirit, and give full play to their personality specialties. As an educational concept, quality education is based on educating people. Basic education should cultivate children's all-round quality. To implement quality education in the basic education stage, we should not only respect students' dominant position, but also give full play to their initiative in learning. It is also necessary to guide students' self-esteem, self-respect, autonomy and self-discipline. Of course, emphasizing students' autonomy does not mean weakening the leading role of teachers and relaxing the organizational discipline of schools. On the premise of respecting students' dominant position, we should take corresponding measures to guide and promote students' continuous development and improve their own quality.
3. Intensify education reform. Quality education is a new educational idea and concept, not a specific course or a specific method. It is carried out through various teaching activities in schools.
Classroom teaching is the main channel to implement quality education. Only through classroom teaching can quality education be truly implemented. Therefore, we must reform the classroom teaching methods. First, we should examine the past teaching methods from the characteristics and trends of the times and social development; The second is to study cultural traditions; Third, we should absorb new scientific and technological achievements.
In addition, campus culture plays a subtle role in the formation of students' quality. For some qualities, such as moral quality and psychological quality, it often plays a more important role than classroom teaching. Therefore, creating a good atmosphere and carrying out various academic, entertainment and sports activities beneficial to students' physical and mental development can make students be influenced by good campus culture and cultivate healthy psychology.
Pay attention to and release:
(1) Ci Hai, Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, 1989, p. 3200.
② Outline of quality education for primary and secondary schools facing 2 1 century, Shandong Education Press, 1996, p. 3.
(3) Facing 2 1 century, creating a new situation in basic education, Beijing Normal University Press,19971edition, p. 25.
④ Learn to live: Today and Tomorrow in the Education World, Education Science Press, 1996, p. 180.