In ancient times, there must be teachers asking questions when studying. A teacher is a person who teaches truth, guides business and solves difficult problems. A person is not born with knowledge and understanding. Who can have no problems? Don't ask the teacher for advice when you have a problem. His problem will never be solved.
(1) The word "scholar" in classical Chinese can be either "learned person" or "person who studies problems", and the latter meaning is obviously used here. The word "scholar" is also used in Putonghua, such as "celebrity", which only means the former. If we want to use "X" to express the latter meaning, we have to say "learner", but colloquialism is not enough, so we still use "learning" here.
The translation of "Shi" must be preceded by a quantifier, and only one bit is used here. Quantifiers are only used in very necessary occasions in classical Chinese, but they are widely used in Putonghua, which is related to the requirement of clarity and accuracy in Putonghua. In addition, the word "bit" not only plays the role of quantifier, but also shows the importance of the position of "teacher". In this way, the requirements of clarity and accuracy are also met.
For the translation of "there must be a teacher", the translator once had an idea that it was best to translate it into "at least there must be a teacher" because he thought the original text should mean this. Used to take care of the "impermanent teacher" below, there are arguments that are getting better and better. The translation here is conservative and for reference only.
(2) Some of the words "zhe" used in this way are omitted in translation and only used as commas. It's still a translator here
(3) "Chuan" and the following "Shou" are used separately, but in Mandarin, the word is required to be disyllabic, so the translation of "Chuan" should be said to be "teaching" and the translation of "Shou" should also be said to be "teaching", which is repetitive. Fortunately, disyllabic words such as "teaching", "teaching" and "giving" are all produced by the way of ending.
(4) "Grant" means "accept" in the original text. Shuowen said that "receiving" means "paying", so the word "granting" should be used. The ancient meaning of the word "shou" in the original text. There is a clear division of labor between "receiving" and "giving" in later generations, so some anthologies have changed the past "receiving" into "giving".
⑤ This "knowledge" cannot be translated into "it", so it has to be reduced to the noumenon it refers to.
Supposedly, if you are confused, you should learn from the teacher, so this "and" is a transfer conjunction, which translates as "can" (but) or "but".
⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ 931 Try to translate it into "ya" here.
Born before me, its smell is also solid, so I can learn it; After he was born in me, his understanding of Tao also depended on me first, so I can learn from it. I am a teacher, and I know my husband was born in my fourth year! So there is nothing expensive and cheap, nothing long and little, and the existence of Tao is also the existence of teachers.
Born after me, he understood the truth earlier than I did. I learn from him and regard him as a teacher. Born after me, he understood the truth earlier than I did. I learn from him and regard him as a teacher. I study truth, so I don't care that his birth date is before me! Therefore, regardless of status and age, where the truth is, the teacher is there.
Some people translate "born before me" into "older than me" and correspondingly translate "born after me" into "younger than me", which is a way of free translation. In order to show that "Hu" means "Yu", it is not used to mean "greater than" or "less than" in comparative degrees, but it is still translated.
(2) The structure of "Hu Xian" is the same as that of "greater than" and "less than" and plays a comparative role, so some people translate "Hu Xian Wu" as "before me", which is the way of translation.
③ Is it necessary to add a word "que" before the translation of "yi"?
(4) "He was born in China in successive years", in which the words "successively" and "born" are translated as "his birth date is earlier than mine" instead of "his age is older than mine".
⑤ Some people translate "Where the Tao is, the teacher is there" into "Where the truth is, the teacher is there", which can be compared.
Well, the teacher's teaching has not been passed down for a long time, and it is difficult to be understood. Ancient sages, far away from the crowd, are still asking questions to the teacher; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. So saints are good for saints, and fools are good for fools. What are the reasons why saints are holy and fools are stupid?
Alas, for a long time, no one has understood the truth of attaching importance to teachers, and it is difficult for people's minds not to be confused. In ancient times, saints who were far superior to ordinary people still followed their teachers for advice; Now the gap between ordinary people and saints is far enough, but they think it is shameful to ask teachers for advice. Therefore, saints are wiser and ordinary people are more stupid. Isn't it because of this situation that saints can become saints and ordinary people can become fools?
(1) This "ye" is basically the same as that in the first paragraph, except that there is a smaller pause here, and no comma is needed. So it was omitted in translation. The following three "yes" are roughly the same.
② "Yan" has referential function, which is translated as "Xiang He" and moved to the front of the verb.
(3) According to the above, "stupidity" actually refers to "sage is far away" and "everyone".
(4) "Qi" is an auxiliary word to express speculation and rhetorical mood.
Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; If you are in your body, you will feel ashamed and confused. The boy's teacher, who teaches and learns his sentences to make him happy, is not the kind of person I said to pass on the law to solve doubts. I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know.
People love their children and choose good teachers to teach them; For myself, I think it's stupid and humiliating to ask the teacher for advice. Those children's teachers teach them textbooks to familiarize them with funny sentences, not the teachers who teach people truth and solve problems. Still don't understand funny sentences, solve problems. On the one hand, ask the teacher for advice, on the other hand, don't do it. I just went to study, but I left the important things behind. I can't see that they are sensible people.
(1) "tease", originally used as "nian", has the same pronunciation and meaning as "tease".
(2) this and the next "qi" refers to the same entity, they got up and moved forward.
(3) The pronunciation and meaning of the word "bu" and "bu" used in the original text are the same.
④ The translation form of "their brilliance" should be "their understanding".
Witch doctors, musicians and workers are not ashamed to learn from each other. The families of the scholar-officials called their teacher disciple Yun, and they got together and talked and laughed. When asked, he said, "He is almost the same as that year, and in the same way. His humble position is full of shame, and his official position is close to admiration. " Alas, the teacher is unknown (2). Witch doctors, musicians and skilled workers all look down on a gentleman, but today their wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing!
Doctors, musicians and craftsmen of all kinds don't regard asking teachers for advice as a shameful thing. When it comes to teachers and students, this class of scholars and officials all rise up and attack and laugh at others. Asked why they did this, they replied, "He is about his age, and his knowledge is half as good as his own. It is really embarrassing for people with low status, and it is flattering for people with high official power. " Alas, people don't understand the truth of attaching importance to teachers. Doctors, musicians, craftsmen, and adults are far from it, but now their understanding is wise, and adults can't catch up with it. It's really strange!
① The variant of the word "doctor" is "ghost", which was integrated with "witch doctor" in ancient times. Here, "witch doctor" is a word with a parallel structure.
(2) In this sentence, there are two punctuation methods, one is here, and the other is to add a comma after the word "complex" and regard the word "complex" as "complex".
Saint impermanence teacher. Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius. Confucius said, "Where there are three people, there must be a teacher." So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and specialize in their skills, that's all.
A saint has no fixed teacher. Confucius once asked Laozi, Changhong, Shi Xianghe and Lao Dan for advice. People like Zanzi are not as capable as Confucius. Confucius said, "If three people walk together, one of them will be my teacher." Therefore, students are not necessarily worse than teachers, and teachers are not necessarily better than students in all aspects. Channel management is orderly, and each business technology has its own expertise, but that's all.
It is necessary to add a word "complete" before the translation of "not as good as a teacher" and a word "in all aspects" before the following translation of "being virtuous as a disciple".
Translation:
People who studied in ancient times must have teachers. A teacher is a person who teaches truth, studies and explains problems. People are not born to understand reason. Who can have no doubt? If he has doubts and doesn't learn from the teacher, he will never solve the problem of doubts. People born before me, he heard the truth before me, so I followed him; If someone born later than me learns the truth before me, I will learn from him. As a teacher, I will learn the truth. What does it matter whether he was born earlier or later than me? Therefore, regardless of status or age, the place where truth exists is also the place where teachers exist.
Alas! It has been a long time since anyone spread the truth of learning from teachers. It's hard not to doubt! Ancient saints far beyond the average person, followed the teacher and asked for advice from the teacher; Nowadays, many people are far from saints, but they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. Therefore, saints are wiser and fools are more stupid. This is probably the reason why saints become saints and fools become fools. People love their children and choose teachers to educate them; For themselves, they are ashamed to let the teacher teach them, which is really stupid! The teacher who teaches children to read and be familiar with the sentences in the book is not what I call a teacher who teaches people truth and puzzles. If you don't understand the sentence, you can't solve the puzzle. Some people learn from their teachers, while others don't ask them. They learn from small aspects and forget the big ones. I don't see any wisdom in them. Witch doctors, musicians and craftsmen are not ashamed to learn from each other. If someone calls others teachers and students, these people will gather together and smile at him. Ask the scoffers, and they will say, "That man is similar to a certain era, and his cultivation and studies are similar." How can I call a teacher? It's humiliating to treat a person with a low position as a teacher. It's really flattering to call a person with a high position a teacher. "ah! The truth learned from the teacher cannot be restored, so we can know. Witch doctors, musicians, craftsmen, and scholar-officials disdained to be tied to them, but now the wisdom of scholar-officials can't keep up with them. This is not a very strange thing!
Sages have no fixed teachers. Confucius used Zanzi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Ren as his teachers. Of course, people like Zanzi can't catch up with Confucius in moral ability. Confucius said, "When several people walk together, there must be a teacher." So students are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily better than students. Knowing the truth is the first priority, and then, skills and learning have their own special research, that's all.
Seventeen-year-old Li Pan likes classical Chinese. He has studied the Six Classics, such as poems and books, and also studied the works that explain the Six Classics. He is not bound by the custom of being ashamed to learn from his teacher, and he learns from me. I praised him for learning from the ancients and specially wrote this "Teacher's Commentary" as a gift for him.