According to the traditional Confucian concept of filial piety, if a court official's parents are both dead during his reign, no matter what position he holds, he must resign from the day he learns of the funeral and return to his ancestral home to keep discipline for his parents for 27 months. This is called Ding You.
In ancient times, officials had to stop their duties when their parents died. During Ding You's period, people with Ding You were not allowed to be officials. If there is no special reason, it is impossible for the state to force people with Ding You to be officials. For special reasons, the state forces people with Ding You to be officials, which is called "grabbing love".
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1, Ding You and Taking Love.
In ancient times, after the death of parents, children had to mourn for three years according to their dresses, during which they were not allowed to get married, and those who served as officials had to leave their jobs, which was called "Ding You". Originated in the Han Dynasty, it was common to worry about going to the official position at the end of the Han Dynasty, not only because of losing parents for three years, but also because of losing brothers and sisters during service.
Tao Yuanming's poem tells the story of Benmei's funeral, and Pan Anren's funeral poem also tells the story of Benmei's funeral, which shows that Ding Yuzhi's wind is very prosperous there. The wind gradually weakened in the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Tai Chang Yuan was in charge of its affairs. Any official who loses his parents must report to the official, and Cheng Sun, if his father dies first, will also be removed from his office. In the Western Han Dynasty, it was stipulated that those who served in the imperial court would leave for three years. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ding You system had prevailed.
Since then, it has been stipulated in all previous dynasties that quality inspector Ding You will be punished once he is found out if he conceals it. However, according to the needs of the imperial court, serving officials are not allowed to keep the system, saying that they will seize the situation, or that some people do not have a full system, but those who should be called out by the imperial court should be called back. In the Ming dynasty, the law stipulated that except for the funeral of parents, there was no need to go to the law.
There are other rules about asking for love. This is generally the case in later generations. The Qing dynasty stipulated that those who did not report the funeral were dismissed. "Han Shu Xuexuan": "Xuan has two younger brothers, Ming and Xiu, and her stepmother often lives in the official residence ... and her stepmother died of illness, and she was removed from her official position." "Song history. "Book of Rites 28": "In the first year of Xianping, Ding You was the director of the third division and the pavilion, and he was convinced. He also wrote:' Ding You, a road official in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Guangnan and Fujian, must not leave his post without leave. The displaced and unemployed are allowed to finalize the case. "
Qing Wu Rongguang, My Learning Record. Sang Men II: "Ding You Case." Convention: If domestic and foreign officials combine local laws and regulations, the headquarters will issue certificates at home (in the DPRK), and the governor will ask questions as usual when he is abroad (in the local area) and return to China to keep the laws and regulations.
Beijing officials take the official seal of their hometown, and foreign officials take the official seal of their hometown ... Enlightened reporting starts from the date of the funeral, and the service will be completed regardless of the leap of 27 months. "Also," Governor Ding was worried that he could not send it to the press. When he takes office, he chooses a manager to take his place, and he won't leave until he is told. "
Ding You, the military commander, did not dismiss from office, but gave 100 days off, while the big picture, small picture, dying and crying gave another day off.
The only task of officials in times of hardship is to be filial to their parents and repay them. During the mourning period, husband and wife should be separated, eat, live and sleep in front of their parents' graves, and stop all entertainment and social activities. During the three-year mourning period, wedding celebrations and other happy events are not allowed.
What is the truth about Ding You? In order to repay the kindness of parents, children can't live without their parents within three years of birth, and they don't need their parents' care all the time, so they should do their best to their parents in their later years, and children should always miss them when their parents are gone, at least three years before their graves. Confucianism says: "Be cautious in pursuing the future, and people's morality will return to thick".
This is why the Chinese nation, every household and every dynasty should hold a grand ancestor worship ceremony. This is not only the education of filial piety, but also the maintenance of human nature. Our parents' kindness to us is the heaviest and greatest. If we forget our parents' kindness, how can you make them love others, society and country?
2. Mourn Ding You
The ancient ceremony was buried in March, and then the first cry, funeral and funeral were expensive sacrifices. After three mourning ceremonies, a mourning ceremony was held and food was offered to mourn the coffin. I stopped crying. Crying eleven times is a "Yang Li", welcoming the ancestors into the ancestral hall, and after the ceremony, moving the master back to his original place. Thirteen to fifteen months after the funeral, "Xiaoxiang" and "Daxiang" ceremonies were held. Holding the "Tan" ceremony for seven months means a feeling of security and more excitement.
After the dead are buried, the dutiful son will mourn for three years. Mourning is also called "Ding You", "Ding Nan" and "filial piety", which is the best embodiment of parents' filial piety and also a test of whether their children are filial.
According to the ancient ceremony, Ding You could not go out to be an official or live at home for three years. Instead, we should build a shed in front of our parents' graves, called "Xiao Yan pillow bricks", that is, sleeping on straw mats and pillow bricks, eating humble meals without drinking, sharing a room with wives and concubines, calling them strings, not taking a bath, shaving their heads and changing clothes.
Ding You's social foundation is "filial piety". Why filial piety? Because the child is born and will not leave his mother for three years, parents should always take care of him. So after his parents died, his son had to pay him back for three years. However, there were some unexpected events when he was in mourning. The Book of Rites Quli clearly stipulates: "The gift of living skin, the gift of cold, the gift of illness, and the gift of treatment. If he is ill, he will drink and eat meat, and he will regret it. "
In addition, when there is a contradiction between the state and the family, the dutiful son can come out to serve the country if he wants to wear the clothes given by the state.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Ding You