1, Shunzhi

The emperor shunzhi Fu Lin was the first emperor after entering the Qing Dynasty. He is the ninth son of Huang taiji, born in Chongde for three years (1638), ascended the throne in Shenyang on August 2, 2008, and later transferred to Shunzhi, where he was in office for 18 years. He died in the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (166 1) at the age of 24.

After Shunzhi ascended the throne, his uncle Dourgen assisted him. In the seventh year of Shunzhi, Dourgen went hunting and died outside the Great Wall. 14-year-old Fu Lin took over the government ahead of schedule. The emperor shunzhi is talented and diligent in reading. He absorbed China's advanced culture, assessed the situation, was relatively open to the system of becoming a legal ancestor, and relied heavily on Han Chinese officials, regardless of the opposition of the pro-expensive ministers of the Qing Dynasty. In order to ensure the long-term stability of the emerging ruling foundation, he took the rise and fall of the Ming Dynasty as a mirror, was wary of eunuchs and cronies as disasters, attached importance to rectifying official management, paid attention to sharing interest with the people, and learned lessons from it in moderation. However, he is young, headstrong and irritable. As soon as his beloved Dong Fei died, he turned negative and world-weary, and finally hurried through a short life course and died young. He is the only emperor in history of qing dynasty who openly converted to Zen.

2. Kangxi

Emperor Kangxi, named Michelle Ye, the third son of Shunzhi, was born in the 11th year of Shunzhi (1654 May 4th). The longest reigning emperor in China was 6 1 year.

Kangxi was studious and proficient in everything since he was a child. In a series of military actions, such as destroying worship, excluding San Francisco, unifying Taiwan Province Province and pacifying Junggar rebellion, he either personally marched or won thousands of miles, which fully demonstrated his military talent. Carefully selecting talents, praising honest officials, repairing rivers and attracting Han intellectuals also showed that Kangxi was an excellent politician and a wise monarch.

Compared with Michelle Ye's political life, his family life is not happy, and the struggle between governors for the position has made him haggard.

Although Michelle Ye thinks he is a good emperor who works hard and cares about people's livelihood. Of course, as a great man who stood in front of the historical trend and guided the country and the nation to advance rapidly, he was much inferior.

3. Yongzheng

Yong Zhengdi Yin Zhen was born in the 17th year of Kangxi (1678), the fourth son of Kangxi. In 6 1 year of Kangxi, 45-year-old Yin Zhen succeeded to the throne, and in 13, he ascended the throne and died in Yuanmingyuan. Temple number sejong.

Yin Zhen stepped onto the historical stage in the form of social stagnation in the early prosperous period of Kangxi-the last year of Kangxi. The complicated social contradictions provide Yin Zhen with opportunities to display his ambitions and talents. He was far-sighted and persistent, and carried out a number of major reforms step by step. In thirteen years, it achieved fruitful results, which laid a solid foundation for future generations and reached its peak in the Qianlong period. His historical position is not inferior to Naifu Kangxi and Naizi Gan Long. Although he is suspicious, mean, ungrateful and harsh, it is secondary to his performance.

4. Qianlong

Li Hong was born in the 50th year of Kangxi (17 1 1) and died in the 4th year of Jiaqing (1799). He was the fourth son of Yongzheng, who reigned for 60 years. After abdicating, he became the emperor's father for three years, aged 89.

At the beginning of Qianlong's accession to the throne, he implemented the policy of combining leniency with severity, served the country pragmatically, paid attention to farming and mulberry, stopped donating money, and put down rebellion, which fully reflected his literary martial arts. Emperor Qianlong advocated elegance, was good at riding and shooting, and kept his pen and ink all over the country. He was a famous cultural relic collector. He collected most of the paintings and calligraphy of the Qing Dynasty. During his reign, Sikuquanshu compiled 3,503 kinds of books, 79,337 volumes and 36,304 volumes, which was three times that of Yongle Dadian, and became a master of China's ancient ideological and cultural heritage.

However, in his later years, the life of Qianlong was extravagant, the treasury was exhausted, and corrupt officials and gentry were reused, so that peasant uprisings appeared in his later years, which was a sign that the Qing Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline.

5. Jiaqing

Emperor Jiaqing was the fifteenth son of Emperor Gaozong Li Hong of the Qing Dynasty. Born in the 25th year of Qianlong (1760), he made Jia a prince in the 54th year, and became king in the 60th year of Qianlong, renamed Jiaqing, and reigned for 25 years. He died in the 25th year of Jiaqing (1820) at the age of 6 1. The name of the temple is Renzong.

Emperor Jiaqing was a diligent and prudent monarch. A series of policies and measures adopted by him after he took office played a certain role in changing all kinds of disadvantages in the late Qianlong period, but they did not and could not fundamentally reverse the decline of the Qing Dynasty. Personally, for the increasingly serious corruption and laziness, Emperor Jiaqing has always been unable to prescribe the right medicine, but can only warn and intimidate a large number of "position-preserving" bureaucrats, and finally come to the fore. He has a certain understanding of the invasion of western colonialists, but for an ancient feudal country that is weakening day by day, it is impossible to really deal with foreign invaders effectively, and then he can only slide down the road of decline.

6. Daoguang

Mianning, Daoguang Emperor, was the sixth emperor after entering the Qing Dynasty. Born in the forty-seventh year of Qianlong (1782 September 16), he died in the fourteenth day of the first month of the thirtieth year of Daoguang. After 30 years in office, he is 69 years old. Temple number Xuanzong, buried Muling.

Daoguang Emperor with average intelligence is famous for his frugality. He is at the critical moment of the historical turning point, "keeping constant and not knowing change." Opium poisoning from the southeast sea and the British invasion made him fidgety. He wanted to ban smoking severely and made up his mind to fight the invaders, but he didn't know where Britain came from or what colonialism was. Usually he doesn't know who he is, and he doesn't have a plan when he is in danger, so he is at a loss in the defensive war and has no plan. He can only sigh in self-pity and shame. As a result, he accepted Britain's alliance under the city and signed the first unequal treaty in modern history-the Sino-British Jiangning Treaty.

Daoguang has been in power for 30 years. Chaogang is arbitrary and hands-on, but internal affairs, such as official management, river engineering, grain transportation and smoking ban, have not improved. It is a tragedy of his life that he worked hard but achieved nothing.

7. Pioneer

Yining, the emperor of Xianfeng, was born in Yuanmingyuan, Beijing in the 11th year of Daoguang (183 1 July 17). Xianfeng died in the eleventh year (186 1 August 22nd). In office 1 1 year.

When Xianfeng ascended the throne, the Taiping Rebellion led by Hong Xiuquan broke out in Jintian Village in front of Zijing Mountain in Guangxi. Then came the battle between the British and French allied forces, forcing Xianfeng to flee to Chengde, Jehol. Xianfeng was in office 1 1 year, and people's resentment boiled. He didn't fight, and "the overall situation is out of control." He often hesitates in the middle of the night and is at a loss, so he indulges himself. Two days before his death, he also sent an edict that "Yizhou Flower Song remains the same".

Emperor Xianfeng, who was ambitious and brilliant, was trapped in the frame of his ancestors, but finally failed to cross a threshold and went to the world with endless worries.

8. Tongzhi

Tongzhi Emperor Zai Chun is the only son of Xianfeng and Yehenara. Born in Xianfeng for six years (1856). Twelve years of tongzhi. He died the following year. 19. The name of the temple is Mu Zong.

14 During the Tongzhi period, the Qing government relied on Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Zuo and other important officials to suppress a series of peasant uprisings such as the Taiping Rebellion. Some so-called "new westernization policies" have also been formulated. But none of this has much to do with the Tongzhi emperor. The ruler at that time was actually Cixi. Zai Chun was an urchin when he was young. As a young emperor, he really failed to live up to the ardent expectations of the ruling and opposition parties. He died of smallpox after two years in power.

9. Guangxu

Emperor Guangxu was born in the Alcohol Palace on Taiping Lake in Xuanwumen, Beijing in the 10th year of Tongzhi (187 1 August). His father Huan Yi is the seventh son of Daoguang, and his mother is the sister of Cixi. This special family environment made him emperor after Tongzhi's death. He reigned for 34 years, Guangxu 13 years.

Emperor Guangxu was in office 19 years old. He is full of young people's enterprising spirit, willing to accept new ideas, "unwilling to be the king of national subjugation", actively supporting political reform, and once became the "savior" in the hearts of reformists. However, the reform endangered the interests of the feudal conservative forces and was blocked by the Qing nobles, mainly Cixi. The failure of the Reform Movement of 1898 stifled the opportunity for the Qing Dynasty to change the old chapter. Emperor Guangxu didn't have the courage to break the shackles of feudal ethics. "He is always unhappy" and he is in a very sad mood. His life is a tragic fate of humiliation and sadness. When Eight-Nation Alliance occupied Beijing, Cixi had to flee to xi 'an with Emperor Guangxu. After the Boxer Rebellion, anti-Qing armed uprisings broke out one after another, and the trend of democratic revolution spread widely throughout the country, and the Qing Dynasty was on the verge of collapse.

Xuan Tong 10

Aisin Giorro Puyi was born in the 32nd year of Guangxu (1February 7th, 906) in Chunwangfu, a seaside town in Shichahai, Beijing. 19671June 17 died in Beijing at the age of 6 1. He is the author of The First Half of My Life.

Three years after Xuan Tong ascended the throne, the conditions of bourgeois democratic revolution advocated by Sun Yat-sen became more and more mature, and the collapse of the Qing Dynasty was an irreversible trend. The Qing court had to issue abdication letters in the name of Yulong, the widow of Emperor Guangxu, and Xuan Tong, the last emperor.

193 1 year, Puyi was swept to the northeast by the Japanese invaders. 1March, 932, became the puppet regime of Japan "Manchukuo". After the defeat of the Japanese army, he reformed his dress and became a member of the CPPCC of the People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC).

1 1, Nurhachi (emperor before entering the customs)

Nurhachi, surnamed Aisin Giorlo, born in the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1559), was a Manchu slave owner's family. In the 11th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1583), Nurhachi rose indefatigably and set out with thirteen pairs of his father and ancestor A, from which he became king. He led the children of the Eight Banners to fight Baishan Blackwater. In the face of great enemies, he was fearless and not discouraged by heavy losses. He defended his prestige with courage and won the support of various ministries. It lasted for more than 30 years, unified the ministries of Jurchen, and promoted the development of Jurchen society and the formation of Manchu community. In the forty-fourth year of Wanli (16 16), in Hetuala, Jianyuan was called Khan, and the country name was Daikin (known as Houjin in history). Nurhachi soldiers became stronger. In the 10th+6th year of Wanli (16 18), they sacrificed to heaven with the "seven great hates" and vowed to start working hard for the establishment of the Qing dynasty. In the history books of the Chinese nation, his wisdom and achievements will be immortal. In the battle with Yuan Chonghuan, a famous soldier in Ningyuan, he was defeated and injured, and died in August in the eleventh year of Destiny (1626). At the age of 68, he was buried in the east of Shenyang, named Fuling. The name of the temple is "Taizu".

12, Huang taiji (the second emperor before entering the customs)

Eisingiro. Huang Taiji, the eighth son of Nurhachi, the founding emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was his mother Ye Henara. Huang taiji was born on October 25th in the 20th year of Wanli of Ming Dynasty (1592). Nurhachi Ningyuan was in the post-Jin Khan position after his defeat. /kloc-ascended the throne in 0/7 and died in the eighth year of Chongde in Qing Dynasty (1643). The name of the temple is Taizong.

Less than ten years after he ascended the throne, he unified the whole northeast, south to North Korea and west to Mongolia, and repeatedly defeated Daming officers and soldiers. In April of the tenth year of Tiancong (1636), it was renamed Emperor, and the Qing Empire unified by Kanto was established, and its surname was changed to "Manchuria". Both capitals were shocked by his ambitious westward move. After two decisive battles between Song and Jin, the elite of the Ming army was lost. Outside Shanhaiguan, there is only an isolated city in Ningyuan, and Daming Mountain is in jeopardy. Huang taiji, with a broad history, broad tolerance, extraordinary military courage, pioneering spirit in politics and strong national consciousness, has great yearning for Chinese culture, promotes advantages and eliminates disadvantages, and treats officials well. He can be called the king of entrepreneurship, inherited Mao's pioneering work and inspired the great cause of Qing reunification. He died on the eve of the Qing army's entry into the customs, and failed to realize his long-cherished wish to seize the national political power.

13, Cixi (listening to politics)

Cixi was born in the 15th year of Daoguang (1835165438+1October 28th), and her father was a benefactor. At the age of 22, Cixi gave birth to Zai Chun, whose mother was still a child, and was promoted to imperial concubine. The following year, she was promoted to the imperial concubine, and her position in the palace became increasingly prominent.

After the death of Emperor Xianfeng, Cixi staged a coup and killed Su Shun, finally realizing "listening to politics". For the next 50 years, she acted arbitrarily. During this period, many countries on the earth developed science and technology, prospered economy and made political progress, but China was ruled by such a woman full of power desire. She is lifeless and develops slowly. For her own self-interest, she could plot evil, do the opposite, and ignore the national interests, which eventually led to the collapse of the Qing Dynasty three years after her death. Moreover, the harm caused by Cixi left a heavy burden on our nation.

Brief introduction of Qing dynasty

From the first year of Shunzhi (1644) when the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, to the founding of the Republic of China in 19 12, the Qing emperor abdicated and ruled the country for 268 years.

Including two emperors before entering the customs, Nurhachi and Huang Taiji; After entering the customs 10 emperors: Shunzhi, Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi, Guangxu and Xuan Tong; Although Cixi was not an emperor, she acted arbitrarily, which was also included.

The Qing Dynasty was a feudal dynasty established by the Jurchen nationality (Manchu). It is the second period in the history of China ruled by ethnic minorities after the Yuan Dynasty, and it is also the last feudal monarchy in China. From then on, China broke away from the imperial system and turned into the period of democratic revolution. The Qing dynasty was in the late feudal society, with ups and downs and changes. Its rise injected new vitality into feudal society, and its decline led to the disintegration of feudal society. In this particular era, 12 is the emperor, and naturally there will be a founding emperor, a ruling emperor, a mediocre emperor and a declining emperor.

The cause of death of the Qing emperor

-according to the archives of the Qing dynasty.

Since the Qing army entered the customs, Dourgen was regent, and Beijing was its capital until the Qing Dynasty. Most emperors died young, which aroused people's speculation and different opinions. So, what caused the death of these emperors?

Emperor Fu Lin (Shunzhi)

The emperor shunzhi moved the capital to Beijing, and on the first day of October, a ceremony of Deng Ji was held in Taihe Gate of the Forbidden City. Since then, the history of the Qing Dynasty ruling China for nearly 270 years has officially begun.

The emperor shunzhi is weak and often goes to palpitation and insomnia. He often lamented that he was "skinny and had a hard time." In the 14th year of Shunzhi, Dong Eshi, the fourth son of the imperial concubine, died, which was a heavy blow to her. In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi, her favorite concubine Dong Eshi died again, and Shunzhi was in despair. She claims to be a monk, and she is unhappy all the time. She went from bad to worse. In less than half a year, she was infected with smallpox and died in Yangxintang in the middle of the seventh day at the age of 24.

Emperor Michelle Ye (Kangxi)

Michelle Ye's political achievements were outstanding, but he established a reserve team, which was established several times and abolished several times. His body and mind were severely stimulated and he began to get sick. Judging from his several attacks, he may have high blood pressure and heart disease. At that time, he was "heartbroken", "feeling weak gradually", "having a pimple on his chest" and "unable to let go every day". By the time the Prince was abolished in May1year, he was "exhausted and humiliated." 196 1 year1October 2 1 day, Michelle Ye visited Nanyuan, and it was freezing. He is nearly seventy years old, and he is weak and sick. On the seventh day of November, he "occasionally caught a cold" and returned to Changchun Garden that day, preaching that he would "sweat all day and rest and fast from the tenth to fifteenth day", but this time he got sick and the situation was fierce. When he was ill, he sent Yin, the fourth son of the emperor, to sacrifice to heaven. Yun Qi, the fifth son, went to Xiao Dongling to offer sacrifices. In fact, he sent his son away so that he could dictate his will to Roncodo. As a result, he was exhausted and exhausted. On the 13th, his condition suddenly deteriorated, so he called the eight princes to the imperial couch and announced that the fourth son Yin had acceded to the throne. At that time, Michelle Ye, who had exhausted his heart, ended his life at the age of 69.

Yin Zhen (Yongzheng)

Yin Zhen was 45 years old when he became king. He is a diligent emperor, but his physical condition is not weak but not weak. After he acceded to the throne, facing the separatist activities of Yun Qi and others, he had to devote his energy to government affairs, and his health would be affected over time.

Yongzheng admitted lack of energy and overwork for four years, but fell ill for a year and lost treatment. In March of the eighth year of Yongzheng, I had a cold and fever from time to time, and my diet was greatly reduced. For more than two years, I couldn't sleep at night. It improved once in May and rose again in September, and it was not until 10 that it passed the dangerous threshold. This fever, which lasted for nearly a year, almost killed 53-year-old Yin Zhen, who was suffering from such a serious disease (such as malaria) and his health was getting worse. Yongzheng died in Yuanmingyuan at midnight on August 23rd, 13th.

There is no historical data about the cause of his death, which can only be analyzed from the imperial edict of Emperor Qianlong at the beginning of his accession to the throne.

In the three days after Yin's death, Qianlong dealt with 38 major events, two thirds of which were directly related to the funeral. One of them was sent to the Taoist priest in the palace. It is said, "The emperor spent more than 10,000 leisure hours listening to the saying of practicing outside fire. The sacred heart knows right and wrong, and he also knows that he is a street rascal, so it is best to make trouble ... Now I want to expel Iraq and return to his hometown, ..."

In fact, when Yin Zhen was alive, he asked several governors to find Taoist priests for him, and even ignored the hot summer days, he used 10,000 kilograms of ash charcoal to make an alchemy in secluded places inside and outside the palace. It is obvious that the elderly and frail Taoist priests in Yin Zhen eat by themselves in order to cure diseases and strengthen their bodies. In a sense, Taoist massage and alchemy are also a kind of treatment, but blind superstition has gone to the opposite side. From the analysis of Yin Zhen's attention to Taoist priests and decisive action to drive them away, we can feel that Yin Zhen's death is related to heavy metal poisoning caused by long-term use of Dan medicine.

Honglidi (Qianlong)

Whether in talent or politics, Li Hong is in an advantageous position among his brothers. Yin Zhen died at the age of 25. He has a good cultural foundation, certain ruling knowledge and several years of military maintenance experience, so he successfully mastered the political power.

Li Hong is talented, and his youth is carefully cultivated. From September of the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735, 10) to the first year of Jiaqing (1799) after becoming the emperor's father, it was more than 63 years, with a solid foundation and outstanding achievements. Its prerequisite is its longevity and appropriate policies. He has a keen interest in painting, literature, music and sports, which is one of the reasons for his long and healthy life. Jiaqing died in hall of mental cultivation on the third day of the first month of the fourth year, and was carried out of the treasure position at the age of 89. In life, he pays attention to exercise, opposes tonic, and often calls himself a "long-lived old man". It seems that he was healthy all his life, but he died of old age.

Emperor gala (Jiaqing)

At the age of six, he became a fu, and at the age of thirteen, he passed the five classics. The article "helps the pen to stand up and move it into a code". After I got married at the age of fifteen, I still live in the library, and I don't care. After more than 20 years of political training, Yan has become more mature from the establishment of the reserve to the throne. It laid a solid foundation for later politics. After 25 years of twists and turns and insecurity.

The internal struggle of the imperial court, the rebellion of the Eight Diagrams Array and women soldiers, and the death of the mother-in-law, can not help but make the inner melancholy and burden heavier. On July 4th, 25th year of Jiaqing, I went hunting in Mulan, a summer resort. On the way to the villa, he "occasionally drank to cool off the heat". When he arrived at the villa, he "felt that the phlegm was rising and it was prosperous in the evening". By the evening of the 26th, the condition was getting worse. Carved, collapsed in the palace of the summer resort.

Yongningdi (Daoguang)

Yongning was born in Jiantang, Dainei, at 10: 00 in August, 47 th year of Qianlong. He is the second son of the armadillo. He became rich at the age of six, married Niu Zhilu at the age of fifteen, died in the first month of the thirteenth year of Jiaqing, and married Tong Jiashi in December. There are 20 queens in all.

He ascended the throne smoothly and advocated frugality, but the Qing Dynasty was still in its infancy. In the 30 th year of Daoguang in his later years (1850), he fell ill in Shende Hall of Yuanmingyuan, called some university students and military ministers to discuss important matters, and was critically ill the next day. He also urgently summoned ten people, including imperial envoys, to express the imperial edict, and made four sons of Emperor Yi the Crown Prince, and another favorite princess the Prince.

Because there is no original data, it is difficult to infer the cause of death of Yuning.

Yiyiti (Xianfeng)

Xianfeng came to power in an eventful autumn. The Taiping Revolution led by Hong Xiuquan, the Opium War, the burning of Yuanmingyuan and the signing of the Beijing Treaty all dealt a heavy blow to Xianfeng. His lung disease is getting more and more serious, the news of critical illness keeps spreading in Jehol Palace, and his hemoptysis is getting more and more serious. On July 17th, 11th year of Xianfeng, Xianfeng, who had been tired for a long time, finally died in the "smoky" temple bedroom in the summer resort.

Emperor Zai Chun (Tongzhi)

On October 9th, 11th year of Xianfeng, Zai Chun Deng Ji ceremony was held in the Hall of Supreme Harmony, renamed Tongzhi. In fact, Cixi took power and began her 48-year rule.

1 1 September14th, 17-year-old Zai Chun got married.

Empress Dowager Cixi officially made a curtain call to the imperial court on the 26th day of the first month of the following year. However, Empress Dowager Cixi was extremely uneasy and often intervened, which made the young and conceited Emperor Zai Chun unwilling to bear it and died in less than two years. Although the cause of his death was clearly recorded in the historical materials of the Qing court, especially in the archives, due to the above reasons, various opinions were put forward in some private writings and notes, and some romantic descriptions were added. Some people say he died of smallpox, some people say he died of syphilis, and some people say he died of scabies. Opinions vary.

According to the Diary of the Holy Robbery of Peach Blossoms, December 5th, 13th year of Tongzhi: ..... I played games, became addicted to Toy Boy, was naked during the day, bare of grass, and had carbuncle on my neck and abdomen, all of which collapsed. Until that day, I hardly knew anyone.

The "Old News of National History" by Prander and Bacchus contains: "Private writing refers to the fact that the Empress Dowager wandered around the emperor and was not careful when she got sick, so she couldn't sink too deep ... Gedi often went out for a drink. When she summoned a military plane to Rosty Yi, she still didn't come back, or she made a slip of the tongue in drunkenness, which was mixed with the things in Cheng Nan ... By the following year1February, the emperor had acne. The Empress Dowager is in charge of state affairs. At the end of the month, the emperor wrote a letter saying,' Happy smallpox this month, ...'. The Lost of the Four Dynasties contains: "The collapse of Mu Zong spread to different people, or flowers in the sky, or poison in the clouds, and medicine can't be combined ..." These writings not only recorded the cause of death of the Tongzhi emperor, but also specifically explained the performance of the southern suburbs of the Tongzhi emperor, and linked this matter with the contradiction and death of the mother and son of the Tongzhi emperor. It shows that due to the autocratic power of the western empress dowager, it is sad and unhappy. However, under the supervision of Cixi, only a few eunuchs often haunt the palace rooms at night and don't return all night, so that it seems difficult to summon the military affairs minister or talk nonsense the next morning.

In fact, the condition and cause of death of Emperor Tongzhi can be clearly seen from the pulse files of the Qing Dynasty. "Long Live the Medical Book of Emperor Tongzhi" recorded in detail Zai Chun's pulse condition, illness and medication from October 30th to December 5th of the same year. This fully proves that Zai Chun finally died of smallpox.

This is detailed and reliable. During the period of 1979, experts and professors from China No.1 Historical Archives, Chinese Medicine Research Institute and Beijing Hospital made a special discussion on the development of Tongzhi Emperor's illness and medication, and everyone still came to the conclusion that Tongzhi Emperor died of smallpox.

Emperor Zai Tian (Guangxu)

Zai Tian's personal ceremony was held in the Hall of Supreme Harmony on the 15th day of the first month in the 13th year of Guangxu (1887), and his wedding was held in the 15th year of Guangxu. At this time, Cixi "handed over power" and moved the capital to the Summer Palace, but the struggle was still fierce, which eventually led to a coup in 1898.

After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, Zai Tian was imprisoned in Yingtai. The political blow and mental depression made this carrier, who was already suffering from various diseases, more and more tired and became a puppet abandoned by Cixi. Coupled with his long illness, he can no longer stand up and fight.

Zai Tian was born in Huaiyin Zhai, Xitaipinghu Liquor House in Xuanwumen in the tenth year of Tongzhi (187 1). He entered the palace at the age of four and came of age under the strict control of Empress Dowager Cixi. He struggled with Empress Dowager Cixi for more than ten years and finally became a puppet emperor. These are the real reasons why he is sick and getting heavier. He was weak since childhood, with a cold and fever and stomach trouble. He often has nocturnal emission before the wedding, which leads to "excessive loss of kidney meridian", followed by brain ringing, shoulder, back and leg pain, which is getting worse year by year.

After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898 in August of the 24th year of Guangxu, the political attack suddenly aggravated the illness. In thirty-four years (1908), it became more serious after the spring. The imperial doctors in the palace had nothing to do, so they had to call Jiangsu famous doctors Chen Bingjun and Cao to Beijing for consultation, but they still didn't get better in April. On the eighth day of May, Cixi sent a message to various places through the Ministry of War: "Since the beginning of spring, the emperor's sacred bow has been uneasy. A famous doctor in Beijing was ineffective in diagnosis and treatment. Xi Zun selected a famous doctor and sent him to Beijing quickly, waiting for referral. " The famous doctors who came to Beijing this time are: Lu Yongbin, Zhou, Du, Zhang Pengnian and others. Among them, Jiangsu famous doctor Du (Zhejiang alternate magistrate) said to the official department: "... my generation came here to treat the emperor and gain fame." Up to now, it seems futile and hopeless. Do not seek merit, but seek nothing. " This proves that the seriousness of Guangxu's illness made ministers lose confidence. In October, Emperor Guangxu became seriously ill. On the seventy-third birthday of Cixi, the emperor came to the temple with great pain and cried to the minister, "The Queen Mother's birthday is just around the corner, so we can't salute. What can I do? " Ministers also accompanied tears. Cixi saw that he was very pitiful and immediately ordered the eunuch to help the sedan chair back to Yingtai. 1October 2 1 day, "the emperor's nose incited and his stomach swelled" and "his illness suddenly increased", which once again issued an imperial edict to the whole country and urgently sent famous doctors to Beijing. However, before this imperial edict was fully issued, he collapsed at the Hanyuan Temple in Yingtai at 2: 3 sharp and died of lung disease at the age of 38.

Puyi (Xuan Tong)

As the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the feudal dynasty of China, Puyi's life experience can be described as bumpy and rich. About his life, a large number of books, film and television dramas have made people familiar with him. 1967 Puyi died of cancer in Beijing.