1. Family education case guidance is different from family counseling. It is a systematic, rigorous, planned, targeted, measured and effective guidance process based on problem families. Give long-term follow-up guidance to individual families, analyze the causes of problems in individual families, find guidance strategies, help individual families gradually solve contradictions, promote family progress, and promote family education to achieve the expected results;

2. The purpose of family education case guidance is to serve parents. For the purpose of service, guide teachers and parents to discuss and negotiate family education goals, help parents and cooperate with parents to complete family education tasks;

3. The object of family education case guidance is problem families, and the key point is to guide parents to change educational concepts, improve educational methods, and drive children to change through parents' changes.

Second, the significance of family education case guidance:

1, effectively promote the theoretical research of family education and promote scientific development.

It is an urgent call for the development of family education to strengthen practical guidance and research on individual cases, explore laws, understand individuality, find commonness, find key points, form experiences, and constantly verify them in application, so as to provide basis for the gradual enrichment and improvement of family education theory. Doing a good job of case guidance can solve all kinds of problems encountered in family education guidance, make the guidance mode of family education break through and innovate from the school education mode, and make the theoretical research of family education get empirical scientific conclusions on the basis of case guidance practice.

2. Effectively improve the bad situation of lack of synergy in education.

Family education lays an emotional background for people's development, and influences people's character formation and life with value orientation and habits. Facts have proved that quality education without family education can not achieve the expected educational effect. With the increasingly fierce competition for further education in schools, the physical, psychological and personality growth of primary and secondary school students is worrying. The increasing number of problem students, the rising crime rate of minors in school, the loss of ideals and beliefs, the loss of behavioral discipline and the disorder of mental state have sounded the alarm for education. We must reflect on and pay attention to the long-term lack of scientific and effective family education case guidance.

3. Effectively relieve the educational pressure of the class teacher.

Doing a good job in family education guidance is not only the expansion of the responsibilities of class teachers in the new period, but also a new way to improve their work level. The head teacher is the leader, organizer and educator of students' teaching, and the guide of students' physical and mental development. He is not only responsible for guiding family education, but also a bridge between school, family and society. The education of problem students is a big problem that puzzles the class teacher. It is of great practical significance to carry out the research on the family education of problem students and deeply explore the cases of family education of problem students and the causes of psychological and behavioral problems of problem students.

4. Effectively control the occurrence of vicious incidents of educating people.

There are various problems in the family education of problem students, which cannot be well integrated with school education to form a joint force. The family education of problem students greatly puzzles school education. Because problem students can't get scientific guidance and education, illegal crime has almost become a public hazard. The case study of family education of problem students can reveal the defects of family education of problem students, find targeted improvement measures, establish the methods and ways for school education to interfere with their family education, and promote the physical and mental health and harmonious development of problem students.

5. Effectively consolidate the effectiveness of parent schools.

In-depth family education guidance only depends on the group education of the school, and individual guidance-case study must be carried out in depth. Through the case study of a student, we can give specific family education guidance to individual parents. This kind of guidance bases the specific guidance practice on a scientific and rigorous basis, so that all kinds of family education problems can be highlighted and analyzed, and guidance can be given at the same time, so as to better solve the problems existing in family education with parents, find the regularity and put forward guidance strategies. Through individual guidance, we not only built and exercised the guidance team, but also found the crux of the problems of individual families, produced targeted guidance strategies, and consolidated the effectiveness of parent schools.

6. Effectively improve teachers' family education guidance ability.

Carrying out case guidance and research is a basic skill of family education. Mentors and case families face ideological confrontation, exchange of methods and correction of misunderstandings together, during which there are serious investigations and reflections, the formation of atmosphere, the formation of new habits, the face-up and review of problems, and the mastery of skills and strategies. This is the process of turning the concept of modern family education into practical steps, creating countless action details and verifying them. Teachers can make the idea of harmonious education take root in their own hearts and develop into real teachers through the intervention of friends, the awakening of suggestions, mutual discussion, equal and respectful consultation, objective and detailed records and summary, and warm and cordial evaluation.

Third, the principles of family education case guidance

1, voluntary principle

Parents' voluntary request for guidance is the first principle to carry out case guidance. This is a guiding activity and research activity that cannot achieve any practical results without the sincere cooperation of parents. Before giving guidance, we should fully communicate with parents the good intentions of our guidance, so that parents can understand and accept it and voluntarily cooperate with the instructor.

2. Empathy principle

Empathy is also called empathy, or empathy, which means trying to stand behind the eyes of the educated person and see the world he or she sees with his or her eyes. Try to see what the instructor sees and try to feel what the instructor feels.

3. The principle of respect

We should respect everyone who is taught. Let the instructed person have full possibilities and feel that someone really wants to help him change his bad family education and let his children grow up healthily.

4, the principle of development

In the course of follow-up, the instructor should look at the problems of parents and children from the perspective of development and change, not only be good at making a dynamic investigation from the perspective of development in analyzing and grasping the essence of the problems, but also have a developmental vision in solving the problems and predicting the guiding results.

5, the principle of similarities and differences

In the follow-up process, teachers should not only pay attention to the common performance and general laws of problem families, but also ignore their age differences, gender differences and individual performance differences. They should be good at seeking differences in similarities and strive to achieve the organic combination and unity of the two.

6. Artistic principles

In the follow-up counseling process, we should be familiar with the theory and skills of case counseling, and be good at using language expression, emotional communication and educational means to promote the ideological transformation and behavior change of problem parents and students, so as to achieve the goal of case counseling as scheduled.

7, adhere to the principle of

In the follow-up process, the instructor should guide the parents who have problems to fully understand the arduousness and complexity of solving family education problems, especially to establish a persistent belief in children's problems, so as to consolidate and improve the effect of case guidance.

8, the principle of moderation

Although individual families voluntarily ask for intervention and guidance, intervention and intervention should be moderate, that is, to meet the needs of children's healthy growth. When guiding parents, all educational concepts, educational behaviors and educational methods that affect children's healthy growth can be discussed and suggested, so as to establish a friendship of mutual trust, mutual help and mutual respect with parents, but it is also necessary to avoid involving parents' professional secrets and family couple privacy too much.

9. Principle of confidentiality

It means that in the follow-up process, the instructor has the responsibility to keep the family situation and every conversation confidential, and to provide moral maintenance and legal protection for the reputation and privacy of parents and students with problems.

Fourth, the methods of family education case guidance

(a) Specific methods that can be used for case guidance:

1, conceptual guidance

The active subject of family education is parents, and all parents' educational activities are dominated by ideas, which determine the direction of behavior. All misunderstandings in family education are caused by parents' improper behavior, and the reasons are all from conceptual misunderstandings. For example, attaching importance to intelligence and neglecting morality, and only paying attention to children's scores and neglecting the cultivation of children's personality are all caused by the wrong view of talents. Inclined and unscientific social evaluation system strengthens parents' misconceptions, so the most important function of family education-cultivating children's comprehensive and healthy personality is ignored. Therefore, in order to correct all kinds of misunderstandings in family education, we must start with optimizing parents' concept of family education. (Ten Concepts of Modern Family put forward by Teacher Gu)

① Empathy

Guide parents to understand the importance of empathy in family education. Empathy will enable parents to think objectively and appropriately when solving problems in their children's growth, and there will be no or few deviations. Learn how to put yourself in the other's shoes: First, make reasonable demands on children. Second, in family education, we should consciously consider children's needs and meet their reasonable needs to some extent. Third, we should respect children's interests and face up to their ability level.

② Positive education

Parents will take many negative ways to educate their children: beating, cursing, criticizing, complaining, denying, belittling, urging, ordering, getting angry and so on. There are also many negative thoughts: looking at problems negatively, thinking that children have no hope, being too perfectionist, and always finding fault with children. When we give guidance, we should guide parents to look at the problem from the positive side: positive angle, positive thinking and positive method.

③ Reflection and introspection.

In a family, children's problem behaviors are often related to parents' attitudes and behaviors. In reality, many parents don't realize their own problems, but push them to their children. Therefore, when talking with parents, the instructor should convincingly point out that parents' wrong ideas have caused specific obstacles and problems in children's growth, show parents the causal relationship, and trigger parents' self-reflection and desire to change. Instruct parents not to teach their children what to do, but to avoid what the children do by themselves. Guide parents to ask themselves more why and find reasons from themselves.

④ Autonomous learning

Guide parents to make their own development plans according to the standards of qualified (successful) parents. Parents of case families should set goals, measure the gap, recognize the prospect, practice hard, let the instructors and parents inspire each other in two ways, and enhance their motivation, confidence and consciousness.

2, psychological counseling (cognitive changes):

① Cognitive adjustment

Eliminate the irrational thoughts of the instructed, restore their rational thinking, and then change their emotions and behaviors.

② Rational Emotion Therapy

Reasonable beliefs will cause appropriate emotional and behavioral responses to things, while unreasonable beliefs will cause inappropriate emotional and behavioral responses. If parents insist on some unreasonable beliefs, they will adopt inappropriate attitudes and methods in the process of educating their children.

③ Emotional counseling

Guide parents to understand what emotions are and realize the influence of their bad emotions on other family members. Teach parents emotional management methods, so that parents can effectively control their bad emotions, help parents form a positive and optimistic attitude, and create a relaxed, democratic and harmonious family atmosphere.

First, don't let emotions take the place of education. Manage emotions first and then educate children.

Second, cultivating a positive and optimistic attitude and adjusting the attitude is the only feasible way to adjust the mood.

Third, master the emotional management methods: reasonable venting; Divert attention; Learn humor; Sublimate emotions; Relax training, etc.

4 actively listen.

⑤ Role play

Form: setting goals → explaining roles → assigning roles → guiding demonstrations → discussing afterwards. Role-playing is conducive to the initiative, spontaneity and creativity of the guided person, and reveals the weaknesses and contradictions of the guided person's behavioral personality in the play, so that he can learn effective behavior.

3, psychological adjustment (behavior practice):

① Self-confidence training: For those who lack self-confidence and behavioral courage, they can arrange behavioral exercises, such as self-motivation and self-suggestion, and supervise and encourage them.

2 Advantage mining: Let parents and children make lists of advantages for each other.

Encourage praise: tell parents to pay attention to the art of speaking, and learn to use encouragement, appreciation, praise, affirmation, acceptance, recognition and positive suggestion.

(4) Create opportunities: invite parents and children to interview together to enhance communication and understanding between parents and children.

⑤ Environmental control: hold summer camps and weekend camps, so that the educated can gain new experiences in the new environment.

4, behavior correction:

Use behavior change skills such as reinforcement, punishment and regression to eliminate unsuitable behaviors and emotions and develop good behavior habits.

1 token reward method: token is a symbolic reinforcement and has the function of replacing coins. Red star, printed cards, paper cards and designs can all be used as tokens. When children do the good behavior we expect, they can get the corresponding tokens according to the provisions in the form and exchange them within the specified time.

(2) Punishment: Criticism and punishment should pay attention to discretion, be artistic, talk about advantages first, then raise hope, put forward hope to point out improvement methods, help children find out the reasons for mistakes, and children can sensitively find the joy after improvement. Punishment is not reprimanding and corporal punishment, you can cancel the reward, you can do another good deed, you can write a diary of the reasons for the mistakes, but the best effect is to inspire the children to ask for punishment themselves.

③ Reinforcement method: used to correct bad behaviors and cultivate and consolidate good behaviors. Positive reinforcement means that when a child has bad behavior, we can give some stimulation from a positive perspective, so that the child can dilute the bad behavior and increase the possibility of good behavior.

⑤ Agreement mode: Parents make an appointment with their children, or discuss with their children to make a binding behavior agreement. According to the agreement. The agreement should be reasonable and listen to the children's opinions. It is best for parents to participate in the agreement, which can play a role in mutual supervision.

(2) Guidance channels:

Home visits; School visits; Observe; Talk and family intervention; Psychological counseling; Class activities; Create a situation; Follow-up guidance; Home-school cooperation; Invite to attend lectures; Book recommendation; Website learning; Collective parent-child games; Exchange letters; Blog attention; Give advice, etc.

In case guidance, because each case is different, children's problems are different, and the methods used are definitely different. Appropriate guidance methods should be adopted according to the specific situation.

Fifth, the process design of family education case guidance.

1, for training

Before conducting guiding research, we should master the operational essentials of family investigation, observation and action research, and understand the common misunderstandings and correction methods in family education.

Step 2 choose a case

In the choice of cases, there are three main considerations: first, the object of identification must be a family with problems. If there are no problems, it is not a case study. Second, parents voluntarily ask for guidance; Third, parents can understand the intention of the instructor and cooperate.

3, collect materials, understand the situation

Collecting information about the object of instruction, the more comprehensive, the more conducive to our research and guidance. (School, family, individual, parents, children) Children's age, grade, hobbies, personality characteristics (willfulness, cleverness ...) Physical condition, birth situation, family status, learning situation, grades, etc. Collected from three dimensions: school, family and individual.

(1) personally:

① Basic characteristics: age and grade. Interest, specialty, habit, personality, health status, birth status, family status. Learning situation, grades;

2 problem performance: what is the problem and what are its manifestations;

③ Performance in all aspects: performance at home, performance at school, and performance among classmates;

(4) Recent events.

(2) family:

① Parents' situation and family structure: personality, occupation and education level;

② Family education environment;

③ Educational methods

★ Behavior pattern

Parents' emotional expression, words and deeds, and every move have played an exemplary role. You can get to know your parents through the questionnaire and find out the problem.

★ Parent-child relationship

Abnormal parent-child relationship: high pressure and toughness: parents are above, all parents have the final say, do not treat children as adults, and do not respect their dignity as human beings; Loss of authority: parents can't control their children, let alone children, and have no prestige. Can only let the children run amok; Emotional neglect: Parents and children are the most familiar strangers. Parents love their children, but they put their love on the material level, not the spiritual level; Conflicts and contradictions: Conflicts often occur between parents and children.

★ Communication method:

Inappropriate communication mode:

Preaching-preaching, nagging. Educational effect: form the habit of dawdling and disobeying parents. Command type-command, demanding obedience. Blame-Deny, criticize, blame and reprimand. Parental mentality: perfectionism, high demands, high expectations and high dissatisfaction. Children's reaction: negative and pessimistic, depressed. Influence on children: inferiority, lack of confidence and low self-evaluation.

Good communication mode:

Characteristics of discussion style: mild tone, discussion sentence and approval style. Children's reaction: easy to accept, feel respected, strong sense of self-worth, self-esteem, self-love and self-confidence. Educational effect: cooperation, harmony and consistency, easy to be accepted and implemented. Educational thoughts: respect, democracy, equality and cooperation.

★ Conceptual model: Educational concepts are embodied through educational actions. When guiding parents, we should be able to find parents' problems: emotional, thinking and behavioral problems. Find out the wrong family education concept of parents and correct it.

(3) Schools:

① the position in the class;

② The relationship between children and teachers;

③ The relationship between children and classmates.

Not every part of the information needs to be collected, and the problems related to the case should be selected and collected according to the situation of the case.

(4) Methods of obtaining information:

① interview method

First-hand information is obtained by visiting the parents, relatives, friends, teachers and children's peers of the case. Sometimes, parents can't take care of their children comprehensively, so they can learn from relatives and friends as supplementary information. If possible, we can listen to the children's classmates' comments on children, which is also conducive to our understanding in many aspects.

② Observation method

When we are in contact with parents and children, we should learn to observe their manners, movements, expressions and ways of speaking. A teacher who can read and listen will find a lot of useful information from it. For example, parents' attitude towards their children and children's reaction to their parents.

③ questioning method.

Open-ended questions: can let us know more information we need. Representative words: how (how do you communicate with your parents), why (why are you unhappy at home), how (what do you think of this lying problem).

Closed-ended question: Closed-ended question, the purpose of which is to narrow the scope of discussion for communication and make the conversation more focused on one issue. Representative word: really, really, really? Is that so? Features: narrowing the scope of communication; Concentrate on conversation; Get back to the point; Confirmation information.

Multiple choice question: Representative word: Really? Really ... or? Features: breaking the silence; Preset possible answers; It has a guiding role.

④ Effective communication

First, concentrate and listen.

Second, respond to each other.

Third, give humanistic care.

Fourth, sincerity, encouragement and appreciation.

Fifth, we must have empathy.

Sixth, proper self-exposure

⑤ survey methods

If we can't fully get the information we want to know in the conversation with our parents, we can find out by questionnaire.

4. Analyze the problem of the case.

In view of the collected problems, we need to analyze them with the help of family education knowledge, attribute the problems and find out what the real reasons are behind them. Explore the reasons from the results, analyze the reasons from the results, find the reasons, and diagnose the real problems.

(1) Analyze the problem and find the cause of the problem.

(2) Guide parents to realize the mistakes in their own education.

(3) Use imagination to point out the future harm.

(4) Reasoning with stories and metaphors

5. Formulate and implement solutions and suggestions to problems.

Discuss and negotiate solutions: provide some methods to guide children and parents, give parents some feasible and operable suggestions, change parents' improper educational concepts and methods, help parents improve the educational environment and correct their children's problem deviation.

6, explore the guidance content and communication methods.

Considering the differences of different families, we must pay attention to pertinence and pertinence according to the collected materials when guiding parents. It includes not only guiding parents to change their concept of family education, teaching parents family education methods that meet their children's characteristics, but also suggesting improving parent-child relationship through personalized family activities.

If the parents' work rhythm is tense, we plan to guide parents by combining traditional methods with modern communication technology, such as frequent telephone home visits, guiding students to write their own ideas and communicate with parents, and guiding and communicating with parents through emails and forums on the school website.

7. Follow up this case. Collect feedback information and summarize and optimize in time.

It is necessary to give long-term follow-up guidance to individual families, constantly practice: analysis-guidance-feedback-reanalysis-guidance-feedback, and constantly deepen or adjust the methods and means of guidance, so as to achieve the purpose of solving problems.

Make records during the boot process. Make detailed records and form a good habit of recording. The case tracking guidance of the tutor should be recorded monthly, summarized quarterly and summarized annually. Instructors should also communicate and discuss frequently, and constantly optimize and adjust the case tracking guidance strategy.

Sixth, the qualities that the instructor needs.

1, keen insight

To do a good job in guiding family education cases, teachers must have a keen sense of smell and be able to capture real information from their parents' manners, so as to try to figure out their psychology, understand their needs and provide them with effective help.

2. Careful logical thinking ability

Logical thinking is the ability of thinking, distinguishing and judging things. For family education case guidance teachers, careful logical thinking ability will play a great role in effective case guidance.

3, accurate language skills

Language expression ability is a powerful tool for family education case instructors, which not only represents the overall level of instructors, but also affects the quality of guidance. If you want to convince parents, impress parents, pass on advanced educational ideas to parents and get their approval, you must be eloquent and skilled in language expression.

4. Unique personality charm

Personality charm is a comprehensive expression of a person's psychological quality and accomplishment, which can reflect a person's moral character, thoughts and feelings, personality temperament, knowledge and education, attitude towards life and so on. Whether a person can be accepted by others and has group influence depends on his personality charm. Personality charm is also one of the basic qualities that a family education case tutor should have.

5. Rich social skills

Proper communication etiquette is also very important for case instructors. Approachable, affable, and with strong affinity, parents and children who receive guidance have a sense of intimacy, security, warmth and trust.

It is very important to guide teachers' manners. Don't underestimate a simple greeting, don't ignore an inconspicuous look or gesture. A cup of tea and a paper towel delivered quietly will convey the love, sincerity and enthusiasm of the instructor, open the golden key of parents' hearts, and create good conditions and opportunities for smooth guidance.

6. A solid theoretical foundation

A solid theoretical foundation is the basis of case guidance. If you want to do a good job in case guidance, you must take root in educational practice, study and enrich yourself unremittingly, and let yourself have a steady stream of living water.

7, serious way of working

In case guidance, we should form a good habit of being careful and meticulous. For example, develop the good habit of writing instruction diaries and stage records, and record the process of knowing each time; Do a good job in collecting and classifying educational materials; Keep and organize the basic information of each consultant for follow-up investigation or visit.

8. Healthy and upward psychology

A mentor's mind should be noble, pure and beautiful. People who lack love can't do well in family education guidance. Lack of love, unwillingness to pay, care about gains and losses, can not complete this arduous and complicated work. Love and dedication is the premise of doing a good job in guiding work.

Seven, excellent case standards:

1. The goal of the research guidance is accurate;

2. Appropriate research steps;

3. The process of guidance is serious, true and scientific;

4. Good guiding effect;

5. Have profound rational reflection and closing report;

6. The materials provided to guide the research results are true and rich.

Doing a good job of family education case guidance can effectively improve the family education situation of problem families, effectively correct misunderstandings, realize harmonious communication between parents and children, significantly improve the effect of family education, and realize the task of family and school working together to educate children.

How to improve the guiding ability is a process of continuous exploration and cultivation. This process needs to be grasped and cultivated with heart and emotion, and it also needs wisdom and reason. Let's work together, start from the heart and let love pass.