The research methods of pedagogy mainly include observation, investigation, history, experiment and action research.

Observation is a basic research method widely used in educational science research, which mainly refers to the research method that researchers systematically and continuously observe the research object under natural conditions according to certain purposes and plans, and make accurate, specific and detailed records, so as to obtain empirical facts.

Observation methods are divided into: natural situation observation and laboratory observation, direct observation and indirect observation, participatory observation and non-participatory observation, structured observation and unstructured observation.

Investigation means that researchers collect relevant information of the research object purposefully and in a planned way through questionnaires and interviews, and sort out and analyze the first-hand information obtained, so as to reveal the nature and laws of things and seek solutions to practical problems.

The survey methods include: general survey, sampling survey and case survey; Questionnaire survey and interview survey; Current situation investigation, relevant investigation, etc.

Historical method is a research method to reveal the essence and development law of things by investigating the process of their occurrence and development.

Experimental method is a research method in which researchers reasonably control or create certain conditions and artificially influence the research object according to the research purpose, so as to verify the hypothesis and explore the causal relationship between conditions and educational objects.

The experimental methods include: laboratory experiments and natural experiments; Single factor experiment and multi-factor experiment, etc.