Shandong Jiankai Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. Liyipu
At present, with the rapid development of the construction industry, a large number of migrant workers flood into cities for employment. Some construction enterprises and professional (labor) contracting teams, driven by interests, unilaterally pursue economic benefits, have a weak sense of safety, and relax safety management, especially in the safety education and training of migrant workers, resulting in a low level of workers' safety technology, especially for migrant workers who have already entered the market or changed jobs, and directly take up their posts without any safety education. Special operator. These people have no awareness of safety protection at all and lack the ability to protect themselves. Some migrant workers died in industrial accidents within a few days of going to work. Due to the existence of the above-mentioned status quo, casualty accidents in construction enterprises occur from time to time. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out safety education and training for migrant workers.
First, the necessity of training
At present, the education and training of construction site safety in China's construction enterprises are mainly aimed at two groups of people: construction enterprise employees and migrant workers. As employees of construction enterprises, on the one hand, because of their high level of knowledge and strong acceptance, on the other hand, because of their relatively fixed personnel, most of them are construction managers with rich construction experience, who can receive safety education and training at all levels on time in accordance with relevant national laws and regulations, so they have a high awareness of safety production and can consciously abide by the safety production discipline on the construction site, which is the main force of safety production work on the construction site. However, as another part of the construction site, migrant workers are the weak link in the education and training of safety production of construction enterprises in China at present. There are many reasons for this. First, migrant workers have low cultural knowledge and poor acceptance. Secondly, migrant workers are more mobile; Thirdly, we should get rid of the traditional and heavy manual operation and replace it with mechanized operation, such as tower crane, derrick gantry material lifting machinery, etc., instead of carrying it by people. The higher the degree of mechanization, can the safety technical quality of our operators adapt? This is a very critical issue, and it has also become the object of world attention. According to relevant statistics, casualty accidents in the construction industry have ranked third in China, ranking second in the industry, second only to mines. How to control or reduce the occurrence of casualties is an important issue that we urgently need to solve. Through decades of practice and summary, the author thinks that one of the keys to control and reduce casualties and ensure safe construction is to strengthen safety education and training for people.
Second, the understanding of leaders.
The management system of production safety in China is enterprise responsibility, national supervision, industry management, mass supervision, and employees obeying rules and disciplines. But we talk more, do less, and have a weak sense of security. In particular, the legal representative of an enterprise must fully realize that "the legal representative of an enterprise is the first person responsible for the safety production of the enterprise" proposed by the state, and must realize that safety production is not only related to the reputation of the enterprise, but also to the safety of state property and the life safety of construction workers. Therefore, we must adhere to the policy of "safety first, prevention first" and achieve "safety must control production". Correctly handle the relationship between safety and production, safety and benefit, and safety and progress. When there is a contradiction between production, benefit, schedule and safety, the principle of "safety first" shall be adhered to.
Third, the content of training.
The contents of safety education in construction enterprises include: ideological education of safety production, safety knowledge education and safety skills education.
(1) ideological education of safety in production. The purpose of ideological education of safety production is to lay an ideological foundation for safety production, which is usually carried out from two aspects: strengthening ideological line, policy education and labor discipline. Through the education of the ideological line, principles and policies of safety production, the policy level of leaders, management cadres and workers at all levels will be improved, so that they can conscientiously implement the principles, policies and laws of safety production. Labor discipline education is mainly to let the broad masses of workers understand the importance of strict implementation of labor discipline to achieve safe production.
(2) Safety knowledge education. The main contents of safety knowledge education: basic safety knowledge of enterprises, such as general situation of production, construction technology, machinery and equipment, work at heights, scaffolding engineering, formwork engineering, temporary electricity utilization engineering, civilized construction, application of fire fighting equipment, etc.
(3) Safety skill education. Safety skill education is the education of basic technical knowledge necessary to realize safe operation and safety protection in combination with the professional characteristics of this type of work. Make each employee familiar with the professional safety technical knowledge of this type of work and this position, including safety technology, labor hygiene and safety operation procedures.
Fourth, the flexibility of training methods.
Safety education and training can be carried out in many effective ways, such as establishing safety education rooms, holding multi-level safety training courses, holding safety knowledge speeches and reports, exhibiting pictures and typical accident photos, showing TV educational films, holding safety knowledge competitions, and buying or printing reference books, publications, posters and slogans related to safety technology and labor protection. In a word, safety education should avoid being boring and a mere formality, adopt various lively forms, and adhere to regularization and institutionalization. At the same time, we should pay attention to ideological, seriousness and timeliness.
Five, strengthen training, improve quality
(1) Strengthen the training of managers and improve the quality of safety production management. Enterprises must regularly, regularly and in batches train leading cadres, engineering and technical personnel and production management personnel at all levels, carefully study the relevant laws, regulations and normative documents on safety production of construction projects, improve the quality of safety production management, and ensure that safety production can be managed, managed and managed well.
(2) Strengthen the pre-job training of construction personnel and improve their awareness of safety in production. Enterprises must carry out safety technology education for construction personnel, make them familiar with and abide by this type of work and various safety technology operating rules, and conduct regular safety technology assessment. Only those who pass the assessment can take up their posts. Personnel engaged in electrical, lifting, construction and installation, welding, automobile driving, blasting and other special types of work must undergo professional training and obtain certificates before they can take up their posts with certificates.
5, the construction unit pays special attention to the safety education and pre-shift education after workers enter the site. After the workers enter the site, the project manager must organize relevant personnel of the project department to conduct pre-job safety training for new workers, especially the education and training for migrant workers. Those who have not received education and training are never allowed to take up their posts. Education should be combined with the actual situation of the project, and resolutely put an end to "false, big, empty" and other terms; The pre-shift education of the construction unit should be combined with the actual progress of the project, according to the different stages of construction (foundation construction, main construction, decoration construction), combined with the construction content of the day, rainy days, summer construction, winter construction and other weather characteristics. At the same time of safety education, the technical director of the construction unit and the project manager should organize the directors and safety officers of each type of work to carry out partial safety technical disclosure, winter construction scheme safety technical disclosure, surrounding environment impact safety technical disclosure, etc. Workers are often organized to learn safety construction theory knowledge, safety construction operation rules, labor protection knowledge, fire protection knowledge, etc. , so as to improve the safety awareness of workers and enhance their self-prevention ability.