The influence of population aging on higher education is obvious. First of all, colleges and universities will face insufficient enrollment and enter the road of reducing departments and combining classes, making school operation more difficult.
Secondly, due to the shortage of students, the enrollment competition between colleges and universities is more intense, and the enrollment threshold will gradually decrease, which will inevitably lead to a downward trend in the overall quality of freshmen; Thirdly, the shortage of teachers and the reduction of job opportunities will lead to the development crisis of teacher training.
Affected by the aging population, the demand for lifelong employment-oriented human resources may change and must be adapted through the adjustment of inter-industry labor force. Higher education must increase the education of new knowledge and vocational skills, and even cultivate talents in new fields to meet the needs of future enterprises for higher education.
At the same time, the education management department needs to formulate corresponding auxiliary policies and support plans for teaching courses and methods in different departments to help universities shape their own characteristics.
Secondly, according to the requirements of industrial diversification, colleges and universities can be subdivided into three categories: teaching, vocational skills training and research. The teaching type is mainly undergraduate education, emphasizing teachers' quality education and giving consideration to promoting service ability.
Vocational skills training focuses on art and applied science, providing professional skills training, emphasizing the application of what you have learned and strengthening cooperation with enterprises; Research-oriented emphasis on academic research was the main purpose of higher education in the past.
Countermeasures of population aging
1. Optimize the birth support policy system and promote the long-term balanced development of the population structure. As soon as possible, we will improve the fertility willingness and fertility level of the people of childbearing age, focusing on improving the maternity insurance system and raising the level of maternity allowance and family parenting allowance.
Increase the supply of inclusive infant care services in urban and rural areas, strengthen the construction of infant-related infrastructure, and increase financial investment in infant health care resources, education resources, foster care resources, housing security and other aspects. , effectively reduce the burden of childbearing, parenting and education borne by families, and strive to create a social environment atmosphere in which people of childbearing age want to live and dare to live.
2. Improve the medical security and service system to meet the needs of the elderly for a better life. It is necessary to continue to promote the national insurance plan, continuously improve the coverage and treatment level of the basic pension and medical insurance system, improve the attractiveness of enterprise annuity and individual pension system, and make the development of multi-level and multi-pillar pension system more balanced.
In the determination and adjustment of basic pension benefits, it is suggested to formulate minimum pension benefits to ensure the basic needs of the elderly. The dynamic adjustment of pension benefits can be linked to the national average wage and the consumption level of urban and rural residents, and share the fruits of economic and social development.
We will continue to improve the old-age care service system and health support system, gradually achieve full coverage of community home-based care services, and introduce a national long-term care insurance system as soon as possible to provide basic care for disabled elderly people. Establish a linkage mechanism between primary health institutions and old-age care institutions, and actively promote new old-age care models such as the combination of medical care and health care and smart health care.
3. Fully understand the characteristics of an aging society, and fully integrate the positive outlook on aging and healthy aging into economic and social policies. Strengthen the popularization, publicity and education of the knowledge of population aging in the whole society, guide the whole people to treat the elderly and the elderly society positively, and enhance the caring consciousness of accepting, respecting and helping the elderly from all walks of life and the self-love consciousness of self-esteem, self-reliance and self-improvement of the elderly.
Promote the "aging" reform and transformation of public policies and social services, and accelerate the development of the silver-haired economy. First of all, it is necessary to strengthen the top-level design of the development planning and deployment of the silver-haired economy, clarify the key areas and projects for development, and provide a series of support policies and measures in land supply, tax reduction and exemption, and financial services.
Secondly, increase investment in science and technology, actively promote the transformation of aging, break through the supply-side constraints of the aging consumer market, and at the same time use government procurement to stimulate industrial development and actively cultivate the silver-haired economic consumer market.
4. Create a social environment of providing for the aged, showing filial piety and respecting the aged, and build a "providing for the aged and sharing" society. We will improve the support policies that are conducive to children's responsibility of supporting and caring for elderly parents, carry out in-depth activities of inheriting and innovating Chinese filial piety culture, and provide family caregivers with financial subsidies, "breathing services", care guidance, psychological counseling and other support.
Advocate a healthy lifestyle, and encourage the elderly to actively participate in community cultural and sports activities to maintain physical and mental health. Strengthen the construction and transformation of the aging environment, build livable communities for the elderly, help the elderly to cross the digital divide, and carry out colorful cultural activities, community activities and volunteer service activities to enrich the spiritual and cultural life of the elderly in urban and rural areas.