Lu Xun (188 1 ~ 1936) is a writer, thinker, revolutionary and educator in China. Zhou Shuren, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, was born on September 25th, 188 1 year. Born in a dilapidated feudal family. Youth was influenced by the theory of evolution, Nietzsche's superman philosophy and Tolstoy's thought of fraternity. 1902 went to Japan to study, originally studying medicine at Sendai Medical College, and later engaged in literary and artistic work, hoping to change the national spirit. 1905- 1907 participated in revolutionary activities and published papers such as Moro Poetry and Cultural Prejudice. During this period, I was ordered by my mother and wife Juan to return to China to get married. 1909 Co-translated the Collection of Foreign Novels with his brother Zhou Zuoren to introduce foreign literature. He returned to China in the same year and taught in Hangzhou and Shaoxing.
After the Revolution of 1911, he served as a member of the Nanjing Provisional Government and the Ministry of Education of Beijing Government, and taught in Peking University and Women's Normal University. 19 18 in may, the diary of a madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, was published for the first time under the pseudonym of Lu Xun, which laid the foundation stone of the new literature movement. He participated in the work of New Youth magazine around the May 4th Movement and became the leader of the May 4th New Culture Movement.
From 19 18 to 1926, he successively created and published novels, vagrancy, essays, graves, essays, poems, weeds, essays, hot air, canopy and the continuation of canopy. Among them, the novella The True Story of Ah Q published in19212 is an immortal masterpiece in the history of modern literature in China. 1in August, 926, he was wanted by the Beiyang warlord government for supporting the patriotic movement of Beijing students, and served as the head of the Chinese Department of Xiamen University. 1927 1 month, went to Guangzhou, the revolutionary center at that time, and served as the academic director of Sun Yat-sen University. 1927 10 arrived in Shanghai and began to live with his student Xu Guangping. 1929, son Zhou Haiying was born. 1930, successively participated in China Freedom Movement League, China Left-wing Writers League and China Civil Rights Protection League, resisting the dictatorship and political persecution of the Kuomintang government. From 1927 to 1936, he created most of the works and a large number of essays in the Collection of Historical Novels, which were included in Ji You, Sanxian, Erxin, Mobilizing from the South to the North, Pseudo-Free Book, Quasi-Romantic Talk and Lace. Lu Xun's life has made great contributions to China's cultural undertakings: he led and supported literary groups such as "The Unknown Society" and "Chaohua Society"; Editor-in-chief of literary periodicals such as National Newspaper Supplement (B), Mangyuan, Yusi, Running, Germination and Translation; Enthusiastic care and active cultivation of young authors; Vigorously translate foreign progressive literary works and introduce famous paintings and woodcuts at home and abroad; Collect, study and sort out a large number of classical documents, compile A Brief History of Chinese Fiction, Outline of China Literature History, sort out Ji, compile Miscellaneous Notes on Old Books in Huiji County, Gougu Novels, Legends of Tang and Song Dynasties, Notes on Old Novels and so on.
19361June19 died of tuberculosis in Shanghai. Tens of thousands of Shanghai citizens spontaneously held public sacrifices and funerals and were buried in Hongqiao International Cemetery. 1956, Lu Xun's body was buried in Hongkou Park, and Mao Zedong wrote an inscription for the reconstructed Lu Xun's tomb.
Complete Works of Lu Xun (20 volumes) 1938 published. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the translated works of Lu Xun have been compiled into Complete Works of Lu Xun (ten volumes), Translated Works of Lu Xun (ten volumes), Diary of Lu Xun (two volumes) and Letters from Lu Xun, and various ancient books edited by Lu Xun have been reprinted one after another. 198 1 year, The Complete Works of Lu Xun (16 volumes) was published. Luxun Museum and Memorial Hall have been established in Beijing, Shanghai, Shaoxing, Guangzhou and Xiamen. Dozens of novels, essays, poems and essays by Lu Xun were selected into Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools. The novels Blessing, The True Story of Ah Q and Medicine were adapted into movies. Lu Xun's works have enriched the treasure house of world literature, and have been translated into more than 50 languages such as English, Japanese, Russian, Spanish, French, German, Arabic and Esperanto, and have a wide audience all over the world.
Lu Xun's death
Lu Xun died in Shanghai on1October 19, 2005. When I was in new york, I saw the Herald Tribune Telegraph the next day. I told my friends in dismay, and they were surprised. It may not be necessary to mourn, but Gaifei also mourned Lu Xun. Lu Xun is not afraid of death, so why mourn with death? What did your wife do when she was alive? All day long, and it can spread very little at a glance. Throwing a stone into the water will wrinkle a pool of spring water. The calm water waves are as flat as a mirror without a trace. Only sages speak and heroes tell stories, but all they can tell is what sages and heroes say and do. Confucius talked a lot, but what he spread in The Analects was only 20,000 to 30,000 words. The first emperor unified the six countries, unified the world, burned books to bury Confucianism, built the Great Wall, built houses, climbed Mount Tai, toured the meeting, sought immortality, set up monuments and carved stones, and resolutely created an immortal cause. However, the emperor's official career declined, and the joy of longevity was not achieved. Chu and Han burned Afangshan, and Jin people were destroyed by Dong Zhuo. There is not a word left on the stone tablet, only the old rules of the Great Wall. Lu Xun waved his whip and the wave of long-term flow revived, and its influence was felt by the people. Lu Xun was happy when he saw it, and that was enough. The universe is big, the sea is wide, the ups and downs are small, and the influence is far away. How do we compete? Why compete? Lu Xun came, and all of a sudden, it was enough for him to finish. Lu Xun often said that literati writing is not hidden in famous mountains, which is very appropriate. In today's world, what you say today, what you see, what you hear, what you think, what you feel, and what you are touched are all aimed at reviving Lu Xun for future generations. What you see and hear today will not be mentioned. Since Lu Xun was born in this world, what he said and did in this world is enough. Later generations are good at what they say and listen to what they say; Listen to you if it's not good. Or the good things of today are here, and the good things of future generations are there. Lu Xun can't know, and neither can I. Later generations either falsely accused Lu Xun of what he said or were deeply moved by what he said. Following Lu Xun, it became a big wave, the ups and downs of Wenhai, and its machine was very small, which was not known by Lu Xun or me. But waves make the Tao go round and round, not to be silent. This is life and immortality. Is it shorter than this wavelength wave?
Lu Xun and I got together twice, and the two alienated people, that is, their separation came from nature, not because there was a porch between Lu Xun and me. I always respect Lu Xun; Lu Xun cares about me, I like to know each other, and I have no regrets about Lu Xun abandoning me. Generally speaking, what you see is the same as what you see, but it is a trace of separation, not selfless. I invited Lu Xun to Xiamen University, and I was chased by my colleagues until I changed the kitchen. I tasted that Lu Xun opened cans and boiled water with ham on the stove, which made me lose the friendship of the landlord, but Lu Xun had no complaints about me. It is Lu Xun who knows me. The leftists in the world don't forgive my literary opinions, and I don't want to sacrifice my opinions. The first time I heard that the left wing of Ah Fu Crow called itself the right wing, Lu Xun was unhappy, and there was nothing I could do. Lu Xun is getting older and more popular, but I admire the wisdom of Confucianism. The deeper Lu Xun's party looks, the less I know what the party is looking at, so it is said that its stab is out of place. However, my self-interest is ultimately related to my elders, and I have long ignored the villain's catching shadows to sow discord.
Lu Xun is not so much a scholar as a soldier. Who is the soldier? Wearing armor and holding contradictions for fun. If you don't fight, you won't be happy. You can't be happy without armor. Even if you don't have a front to hand over and a spear to hold, you can pick up a stone and throw it at the dog. Occasionally, I will be happy in my chest. This is one of the vivid characters in Lu Xun's works. Heine, a German poet, said that when I die, I will put a sword in the coffin instead of a pen. It's enough to talk to Lu Xun.
Lu Xun's sword is not Zhang Er's spear, nor Qinglong's broadsword, but a steel-making sword, so-called cosmic front. It's a sword. It cuts stone like cotton, but the front is not frustrated, stabbing people and killing dogs, and all the bones are broken. So Lu Xun couldn't put it down, thinking that he was having fun, and he couldn't help himself. This is exactly the same as the case of Shaoxing students carving books with foreign knives, so Lu Xun is sometimes like Lu. So Lu Xun was killed by a warrior, a monk, a beggar, a chicken, a dog, a cow and a snake. Lu Xun was not sad because all heroes in the world died and the sword was useless. On the way, I saw mad dogs, lepers and domestic dogs. When the sword was cut, I took the dog's head home to drink Shaoxing and ordered wine. This is one of Lu Xun's vivid forms.
However, Lu Xun also has a big heart. When the dog is drunk, Lu Xun sighs under the lamp alone. This kind of exclamation is indescribable. Unknown fire, nameless sigh, is a sigh of heaven and earth, sages, heroes, secretaries, maids, booksellers, fruit merchants, cunning, fools, fools, straightforward, rural fools; Sigh strangers, acquaintances, elegant people, laity, embarrassed people, travelling expenses, burdensome people, people who are not interested in life, people who can't get away, sigh poor people, hungry people, lecherous people, wandering ghosts, drilling ghosts, serial familiar ghosts, slovenly people, Honky, groping ghosts, bean curd soup rice ghosts, and fat GREAT GHOST. So Lu Xun had another drink, and suddenly his forehead swelled and his hair stood on end. Enlightened, the tendons are more floating, the corners of the eyes are more cracked, and they must be more vertical. Grind the inkstone and laugh, but also stab the world with a sword. The fire raged and made people sigh, so Lu Xun suffered from intestinal injury, stomach injury, liver injury, lung injury and blood vessel injury, but Lu Xun could not afford it. Alas, Lu Xun can't afford it.