Humboldt's Berlin University Education Reform and Cai Yuanpei's Peking University Education Reform.
First, Humboldt's educational reform of Berlin University
1809, Humboldt formed his own thoughts on the basis of synthesizing various educational thoughts, and put them into practice in the process of establishing Berlin university in 18 10. Specific educational reform measures are:
1. Berlin University has full autonomy in running schools, and teachers and students enjoy freedom of research and study, namely "freedom of teaching" and "freedom of learning".
2. Hire professors with profound academic attainments and exquisite teaching art to teach.
3. Attach importance to academic research and cultivate students' research ability.
4. The introduction of elective system, students mainly attend lectures.
5. The teaching method is "Mingxi Naer".
Second, Cai Yuanpei's educational reform in Peking University
Peking University, whose predecessor was the Imperial University Hall, had a deep bureaucratic habit. In order to change this situation, Cai Yuanpei made a series of reforms after he became the president of Peking University. The details are as follows:
1. Stick to the purpose and change the school spirit.
2. Implement the principle of "freedom of thought and inclusiveness". 3. Professors run schools and manage them democratically. 4. Reform of disciplines and teaching system.
Third, the comparison between the two.
(A) background comparison
1. Similar
The similarity of the background lies in that before the educational reform, there was no tradition of research in the education of the two universities, and both of them were engaged in research without research atmosphere.
2. Difference
The difference is that Humboldt applied his thoughts to the newly established Berlin University, while Cai Yuanpei applied his thoughts to the differences between Beijing Tianxue, which has a profound feudal tradition and bureaucratic atmosphere.
(2) Comparison of measures
1. Similar
Both of them advocate academic freedom.
2. Difference
The academic freedom of Berlin University is not only the intellectual freedom of scholars on campus, but also advocates the principle of academic freedom in the relationship between the state and the school, and Mr. Cai Yuanpei's intellectual freedom is more focused on the interior of Peking University. Cai Yuanpei also has the idea of education and government independence, but it is not his educational reform measures at Peking University.
(3) Impact comparison
1. Similar
They all have a far-reaching impact on the development of higher education in their respective countries.
2. Difference
In the history of international higher education, Berlin University still has a great influence, but relatively speaking, Peking University's educational reform has a great influence on the history of higher education in China, and its international influence is far less than that of Berlin University.