Implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, and deeply analyze the development process of the world scientific and technological revolution and the major decisions actually made by China's socialist modernization. Since the decision of 1995, the party and the state have adopted a series of policies and measures to promote the implementation of this strategy and achieved great results. Remarkable achievements have been made in the development of education. 1985 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made a decision on the reform of the education system. 1993 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Outline of China's Education Reform and Development, which defined the objectives, tasks and measures of education reform and development at the end of this century. The work of basically popularizing nine-year compulsory education and basically eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged people is progressing smoothly. By the end of 1997, 1882 counties and 6 provinces and cities had achieved the goal of "two basics", covering 65% of the country's population areas, and the national youth illiteracy rate had dropped to 6%. The educational structure has been adjusted and secondary vocational education has developed rapidly. The proportion of vocational school students in high schools has increased from 5% in the early days of reform and opening up to more than 50% now, which has fundamentally changed the single structure of secondary education. Higher education has also achieved leap-forward development, the scale has been steadily expanded and the reform has been carried out in an all-round way. The state vigorously advocates a good fashion of respecting teachers and attaching importance to education. After years of hard work, the treatment of teachers has been improved, especially through the implementation of the "Guangsha Project", the housing conditions of teachers have been significantly improved. At the same time, efforts have been made to solve the problem of private teachers, and qualified private teachers have been turned into public teachers through assessment, thus stabilizing the teaching staff. Comprehensively promote quality education. The tendency of "exam-oriented education" in China's education is not conducive to the all-round development of students' morality, intelligence, physique and aesthetics, nor to the cultivation of students' creative spirit and innovation ability. To change this situation, we must promote quality education in an all-round way, increase the intensity of study and publicity, and urge all sectors of society to further enhance their sense of responsibility, mission and urgency in doing a good job in quality education, and strive to form a good situation in which the whole party and society care about the healthy growth of teenagers; Accelerate the reform of teaching materials, courses and teaching methods, popularize and apply modern educational technologies, methods and means, take resolute measures to reduce the excessive academic burden of primary and secondary school students, and strengthen the ideological and moral education and social practice ability training of primary and secondary school students; Reform the examination evaluation system, cancel the examination from primary school to junior high school, gradually reflect the comprehensive quality orientation in the content and method of college entrance examination, implement the pilot enrollment in spring and autumn, expand the enrollment of senior high schools and colleges on a large scale, build an overpass between vocational education, adult education and general higher education, gradually change the phenomenon of "single-plank bridge" and ease the bottleneck of comprehensively promoting quality education. Basically popularize nine-year compulsory education and basically eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people. This is an important task related to improving the quality of the whole nation. On the basis of past work, we will persist in taking the "two basics" as the "top priority", continue to implement the "compulsory education project in poverty-stricken areas" funded by the state, and strengthen supervision and inspection of the "two basics" work in various places. By the end of 1999, 2,428 counties (cities, districts) had realized the "two basics", with a population coverage rate of 80%; The illiteracy rate of young people has dropped below 5.5%. It is estimated that by the end of this year, the "two basics" goals proposed in the outline can be achieved as scheduled. Actively promote the reform of higher education and develop various forms of higher education. In order to adapt to the trend of interdisciplinary penetration in the process of scientific and technological development and the need of cultivating high-quality innovative talents, China's higher education must change the long-standing situation of compartmentalization, running schools by industry departments, narrow disciplines, small schools and scattered forces, optimize the allocation of educational resources and improve the quality and efficiency of running schools. In recent years, on the basis of years of pilot reform, the reform of higher education management system has been accelerated in various ways, such as "co-construction, adjustment, cooperation and merger". 1998, nine merged departments in the State Council belong to 165 adjustment of management system of institutions of higher learning; 1999, adjust the management system of 59 colleges and universities in 5 military industrial corporations; This year, the management system of 258 colleges and universities affiliated to 49 departments was adjusted. In the whole process of management system reform, most of the more than 400 colleges and universities previously managed by ministries and commissions in the State Council have been changed to be jointly built by the central and local governments and mainly managed by local governments, and some schools that need state management have been placed under the management of the Ministry of Education by industry authorities; There are 6 12 colleges and universities in China merged to form 250; Various localities have cooperated extensively in running schools, strengthened discipline construction and established some university parks. Many colleges and universities opened their laboratories to each other, hired part-time teachers, selected courses and recognized credits, and jointly established a unified logistics service entity, which initially realized the optimal allocation of higher education resources and complementary advantages. This reform involves a wide range, because the school has greatly streamlined its administrative institutions, it will inevitably touch the vital interests of a large number of cadres. Therefore, in the method of reform, we have taken active and steady steps, and through repeated brewing, we have unified our thinking, accumulated experience and gradually popularized it. Although the process of reform has gone through eight years, it has been relatively stable. At present, according to the objectives set forth in the Outline of Education Reform and Development in China, the task of reforming the management system of higher education in China has been basically completed. This reform adapts to the requirements of economic and social development and scientific and technological progress for high-level talents, is conducive to enhancing the knowledge innovation ability of colleges and universities and cultivating innovative talents, and lays the foundation for the further development of higher education in the 2 1 century. In order to meet the needs of China's economic and social development, 1999, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council made a decision to expand the scale of higher education, and all kinds of colleges and universities nationwide actually enrolled 2.8 million students, of which ordinary colleges and universities enrolled1600,000 students, an increase of 47.4%, and the admission rate of college entrance examination reached 49%, an increase of 1998. The gross enrollment rate of higher education reached 10.5%, 0.7 percentage points higher than 1998. This year, colleges and universities enrolled more than 2 million students, an increase of more than 25% over last year. With the further development of higher education and the expansion of the enrollment scale of colleges and universities, the logistics facilities of schools are seriously inadequate, and the problem of "running cooperatives by schools" has become a serious constraint on the development of colleges and universities. In order to solve this problem, we lost no time to carry out the socialization reform of university logistics. Last year, on the basis of summing up the successful experience in Shanghai and other places, the State Council decided to basically complete the goal of socialized logistics reform in colleges and universities in about three years. In the construction of student apartments, the "42 1 Project" is put forward, that is, through the use of market mechanism and social forces for construction and management, the standard of 4 undergraduates, 2 masters and doctoral students 1 can be achieved, and the overcrowding of student dormitories can be basically solved; Conditions such as school canteens and shopping will also be improved. At present, all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and colleges and universities in China have taken action in succession, forming a good situation of unified planning and guidance by the government and active participation by all sectors of society, and an industry serving higher education is rapidly emerging. Improve the quality of vocational education and actively encourage social forces to run schools. We are "poor countries run big education", so it is neither possible nor necessary for everyone to go to college. Modernization requires talents with various skills. Therefore, on the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen the overall planning of secondary vocational education by governments at all levels, deepen the reform of school-running system and operation mechanism, vigorously promote the reform of education and teaching, and strive to improve the quality and adaptability of secondary vocational education. On the other hand, actively develop higher vocational education. At present, there are 162 higher vocational schools in China, some original colleges are also developing into higher vocational education, and some ordinary colleges have also held higher vocational education. At the same time, students who have received vocational education can also be admitted to ordinary colleges and universities for further study. The appearance of this "overpass" not only broadens the channels for talent growth, but also helps to promote vocational schools to improve the quality of education. Running schools by social forces is becoming an important part of China's education development. By the end of last year, there were more than 3,500 ordinary middle schools and vocational middle schools run by social forces; There are 37 institutions of higher learning with the qualification to issue academic diplomas, and other non-academic institutions of higher education 1000, with a total of 950,000 students 1999. While encouraging social forces to run schools, measures should be taken to strengthen the management of private schools. Further improve teachers' working and living conditions. Teachers bear the direct responsibility of developing education. In order to make teachers live and work in peace and contentment, we have accelerated the pace of teachers' housing construction in combination with the housing system reform. According to the statistics of the education department, the funds spent on teachers' housing construction in recent two years and the investment in previous years have reached 1000 billion yuan. By the end of this year, it is estimated that10.40 billion square meters of teachers' housing will be built. According to the requirements of not bringing the university tube-shaped buildings into 2 1998 and 1999 in the 265438+20th century, the central government has invested a total of 4.05 billion yuan to renovate more than 800 university tube-shaped buildings 1800 under the central ministries and commissions, and about 60,000 young university teachers have moved into new homes. At present, the central ministries and commissions have completed the transformation of the university tube-shaped buildings, and the transformation of the local university tube-shaped buildings will also end at the end of the year. It is generally reflected in all localities that this is the fastest period for improving teachers' housing conditions. In towns with better economic development, teachers' income has also increased substantially, and teachers have gradually become a respected and enviable profession.