(1) Bachelor of Arts, referred to as BA degree, refers to the bachelor's degree obtained by successfully completing the undergraduate course of language and literature in higher education.
(2) Master of Literature, referred to as Ma, pays attention to the interdisciplinary research of literature, comparative literature and other related disciplines, pays attention to the frontier development of literary disciplines, and is committed to exploring new methods and new horizons of literary criticism.
(3) Ph.D. refers to the doctorate of philosophy, and now it generally refers to the doctoral degree of academic research, which comes from Latin Philosophic Doctor. One of the advanced academic titles, usually the highest academic title in the academic structure. Generally, after graduating from a university (bachelor's degree) and/or a graduate school (master's degree), the owner can obtain a doctorate in philosophy by writing a graduation thesis and passing the defense after a considerable number of years of research.
Extended data:
Doctor of philosophy can be awarded to doctoral graduates in basically any subject. However, doctoral graduates in some disciplines usually have specialized academic titles. For example, doctoral graduates in engineering are often called D.Eng, and doctoral graduates in education are often called doctors in education? (Ed。 D) wait.
What's more special is that J.D. is usually the basic degree of law students who already have a bachelor's degree in other disciplines, rather than a senior academic title. Besides, doctor of literature? (Doctor of Literature, D. Litt. ) is usually honorary, and the owner is usually a scholar who already has another doctorate.
China has introduced MA, MFA, MBA and other degree systems, which is in line with the world. After studying for a master's degree in literature abroad, I was finally awarded a MA degree. Master's degree in art is MFA, and master's degree in business is MBA.
This is a unified degree system for universities in the world, and there are no academic masters abroad. In other words, academic masters and professional masters of literature obtained in China should be translated into masters of literature, that is, horses, otherwise it is impossible to recognize academic masters.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-doctor of philosophy
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Master of Arts
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Bachelor of Arts