1. the glory of paleolithic culture in Guizhou. For a long time, people always think that Guizhou has been a "barren land" and a "historical blank" since ancient times. From 1964, the famous archaeologist Mr. Pei Wenzhong tried to excavate the Guanyindong cultural site in western Guizhou, and found a large number of Paleolithic relics, the clues of Guizhou history, which extended forward for 200,000 to 300,000 years. This is an amazing discovery. After twenty or thirty years of archaeological discoveries, we now know that the "Paleolithic Age" in Guizhou was even more brilliant. The Paleolithic period is divided into three periods: early, middle and late. Early stage: Guanyindong cultural site in Qianxi, Guizhou Province is not only the most abundant and representative ancient cultural site in the south of the Yangtze River in China, but also one of the three important types in the early Paleolithic period in China. It is a tripartite confrontation with Zhoukoudian culture in Beijing and Xihoudu culture in Shaanxi. Mid-term: There is Tongziyan ash cave cultural site, which is one of the rare sites in the south and the earliest place where fire was used in the south of the Yangtze River. In the middle period, there was the Dadong Cultural Site in Panxian County, and 1993 was listed as one of the "Top Ten Archaeological Discoveries in China", and its scale was extremely rare at home and abroad. There is also the site of Shuicheng Nitrate Cave, where the "sharp edge smashing method" pioneered by Shuicheng people is a new technology in the Paleolithic Age and occupies an important position in archaeological discoveries at home and abroad. Late Paleolithic Age: There are sites such as Maodong in Xingyi and Puding Cave, which formed an important regional feature of the Paleolithic Age in Guizhou. From a nationwide perspective, there are not many bone horns unearthed from Paleolithic cultural sites, but there are quite a few bone horns unearthed from He Miaomiao Cave, Puding Cave, Tongzi Maanshan Cave, Liuzhi Taohua Cave and Anlong Guanyin Cave in Xingyi, Guizhou. No matter the quantity, variety, technology and exquisite finished products, they are incomparable in other parts of the country. Some historians say that it is "unique for tens of thousands of years". 2. About Yelang culture. Since Guizhou has been burdened with the arrogance of Yelang for many years, when we talk about the history of Guizhou, we really have to talk about Yelang. Yelang is a local regime named Yelang, which appeared in the southwest of China during the Warring States Period more than two thousand years ago. Ancient Yelang has two different concepts: broad sense and narrow sense. Yelang in a broad sense includes all areas in Guizhou today except a part of northeast Guizhou, as well as parts of northwest Guangxi, eastern Yunnan and southern Sichuan. Yelang in a narrow sense refers to Yelang Kingdom, including Bijie, Anshun, Xingyi and Liupanshui in Guizhou, Zhaotong and Qujing in Yunnan, Yibin in Sichuan and Lingyun in northwest Guangxi, which is called Yelang Kingdom. 3. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Tang Meng to repair Yelang Road-the first large-scale development of Guizhou by the central dynasty. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he once looked at Guizhou a little. This is to send Wuchi Road for repair, from Yibin in southern Sichuan, to northeast Yunnan, to northwest Guizhou, to Hezhang and Weining, and then to Qujing in southern Yunnan. This Wuchi Road is unfinished, just passing by the northwest border of Guizhou. The first large-scale development of Guizhou should be regarded as Yelang Road opened by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, also known as Nanyi Road, which is of great significance to the development of ancient Guizhou. 4. Buying horses in the Southern Song Dynasty made Guizhou set foot in the national market for the first time, which is worth a book in the economic history of Guizhou. Horses produced in many places in Guizhou enjoy a high reputation. However, in ancient Guizhou, except for official horses, folk horses, like farming, were self-sufficient economies, and product trading was extremely underdeveloped. The export of horses is limited to the local government as a tribute to the court. This situation had a breakthrough change in the Song Dynasty, especially after the Southern Song Dynasty. Under the economic stimulation of buying horses in southern China, Guizhou has gained unprecedented opportunities to raise and sell horses. By buying horses, the ties between Guizhou and the Song Dynasty were strengthened, and the exchanges between the mainland and the frontier were also strengthened. 5. The establishment of provinces in Ming Dynasty opened a brand-new page in the development history of Guizhou. Establishing a province is a major historical turning point in Guizhou. Since then, Guizhou's affairs have been officially put on the central agenda as a provincial unit. Guizhou's economic and cultural construction is no longer divided into three provinces, but has become a whole administrative system, which can speak to the central authorities when making overall consideration. 6. Reclaiming wasteland in Ming Dynasty made Guizhou's productive forces have a breakthrough jump. This large-scale organized agricultural reclamation activity not only produced a leap in quantity, but also brought qualitative changes to Guizhou's agricultural production. The establishment of wasteland in remote and backward Guizhou, in the form of military and civilian villages, is actually the establishment of more advanced agricultural demonstration bases dotted around. It brought the farming system, water conservancy construction, soil improvement, Niu Geng development, farm tools improvement, variety improvement and other agricultural technologies from the Central Plains and the south of the Yangtze River into Guizhou and radiated to all parts of Guizhou. Therefore, it can be said that each tunpu is an agricultural technology extension station, which has greatly promoted the agricultural production in Guizhou. 7. The development of education and culture in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Before the Ming Dynasty, the development of education in Guizhou was slow. After the establishment of the province, schools have been established in various counties, and Guizhou has a formal official school and a set of institutions specializing in education. By the Qing Dynasty, schools had been established in all provinces, counties and even townships. 8. Guizhou began to show its elegance in the modernization movement. In China's modernization movement, Li Shuchang was the pioneer of Guizhou people's understanding of modern western thoughts. He served as the Counsellor of China's embassies in Europe, Britain, France and other countries for several years, wrote Western Magazine, and first introduced western civilization to China. When Li Ruqian was consul in Japan, he translated and published The Biography of Washington, introducing the idea of governing by the people and enjoying the people. 9. Guizhou is a unique province, and the spirit of Zunyi Conference and the Long March culture of the Red Army have a far-reaching influence on it. This is the greatest highlight and glory in the modern history of Guizhou. 10. Development opportunities during the Anti-Japanese War. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the state led the national economy into the wartime track. A large number of important coastal factories and mines moved inward; The state has invested heavily in the industrial construction in the rear area by means of funds from the state treasury, loans from four banks (namely, Central Bank, Bank of China, Bank of Communications and Bank of China) and four banks, and gradually formed a southwest industrial zone with Chongqing as the center, including Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Xiangxi. As the barrier of Chongqing, the southwest transportation hub, Guizhou has a very important strategic position. 1 1. There have been many outstanding figures in the history of Guizhou, many of whom are heavyweights with national influence. Such as: Li Duan? (A.D. 1833- 1907), a native of Guiyang. He is a native of Guizhou and has become a senior official at the central and ministerial levels. In the Reform Movement of 1898, he became the minister of rites of the Qing government, in charge of etiquette, sacrifice and tribute, and the minister of rites was equivalent to today's minister of education. He was the first person to support Kang and Xin, and ministers above the second class stood up against the old system and advocated political reform. Ding Baozhen (A.D. 1820- 1886) was a gold weaver. Ding Baozhen was the governor of Shandong and Sichuan. These two provinces are important in China. Ding Baozhen is not the general leader of a small province, but a provincial government official with an important position in the whole country. Moreover, his achievements are outstanding. Harnessing the Yellow River, reforming Dujiangyan and reforming Sichuan salt policy are all famous events in China. He is even worse because he dares to kill An Dehai, the favorite eunuch of Empress Dowager Cixi. He worked in Shandong and Sichuan for 20 years, was dismissed three times and remained in office. He is still not afraid of power, does not shy away from rumors, is upright and upright, and benefits the people. A big official like Ding Baozhen is also worth it. Mrs. She Xiang (A.D.1361-1396) of the She nationality is familiar with her deeds. In the 1960s, Guiyang also played "Mrs. Luxury Fragrance". She is an outstanding figure among the historical figures of ethnic minorities in Guizhou, a model for safeguarding national unity and national unity, and an outstanding female politician of the Yi people in China. Wang Ruofei (A.D. 1896- 1946), born in Anshun, was a proletarian revolutionary. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, he served as Deputy Chief of Staff of the Eighth Route Army and Secretary-General the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and was elected as a member of the Central Committee at the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China. 12. Guizhou is a natural national culture grand view garden. The four ancient nationalities in the south met in Guizhou, and the Han nationality entered Guizhou from all directions. There are eleven guild halls in Guiyang, where various cultures are displayed in a concentrated way, which is particularly rich and colorful.