Blackboard header design course
1. Relationship between title and theme
Every time a blackboard newspaper is published, the publicity theme is different. Therefore, the title picture of the blackboard newspaper should be created and drawn together with the propaganda theme and content. Then, the title pictures we design should conform to the theme of publicity, and vividly reflect the theme idea to be publicized through the title pictures, and express the essence of propaganda things in artistic language and form. From this perspective, the relationship between header and theme is to highlight the theme, set off the center, enhance the effect and serve the publicity theme.
It is precisely because the head of the blackboard newspaper is closely related to the propaganda theme that the composition and combination of the head should be designed around the theme, and it should be publicized like a poster, and the theme should be expressed by means of generalization, refinement, exaggeration, symbol and implication with a specific proposition (propaganda theme). For example, we want to publish a blackboard newspaper with the theme of traffic safety. The headline picture can be composed of traffic lights, cars, steering wheels, wine bottles, drivers, traffic police and other related images. The titles composed of these images cut into the theme, explain the problem and clearly express the intention. Let people know at a glance what the theme of the publicity is. In addition, the industry characteristics of the title screen are closely related to the publicity theme. We still use the blackboard newspaper with the propaganda theme of "safety" to design the header. If the industry is petrochemical industry, the image characteristics of the header are composed of fire and petrochemical related images; If it is in the construction industry, the header screen can be composed of buildings, tower cranes, construction workers, safety helmets, etc. If it is in the steel industry, the front screen should be composed of steel workers, steel furnaces, steel flowers, safety protection articles and other objects. From this point of view, the title and theme are an organic whole, which has the industry characteristics of the unit and is inseparable. Otherwise, the headline picture of the blackboard newspaper will make readers puzzled and misread, which will cause regret and irreparable failure to the published blackboard newspaper.
2, the composition of the header
The head of the blackboard newspaper consists of the main image, characters, the shape of the head and other decorative graphics.
The theme image refers to the main part of the header. Its forms can be divided into two categories: concrete and abstract. One refers to people, animals, plants, mountains, rivers and so on. In the form of nature; Second, it refers to man-made buildings, tools, equipment, appliances and various man-made articles. Thus, from the macro world to the micro field, its object reflection is concrete. Abstraction refers to a geometric shape that does not represent any object image. Abstract geometric modeling is composed of points, lines and surfaces. Using different processing methods of composition and color, rich and diverse geometric modeling and organizational structure can be obtained.
Header text consists of name, publishing unit, publication date and publication period. The use of fonts is basically based on art.
There are three types of the overall shape of the header: one is a single-frame header; The other is a plurality of combined heads; The last category is the object configuration file header.
Single-frame header: Its shape consists of regular geometric figures and irregular figures.
Multiple combination heads: Multiple independent pictures are combined by juxtaposition, superposition and interleaving.
Object-image contour header: it consists of images of pictures as a single subject, and its characteristics are as follows:
(1) has no background and appearance of the main picture;
(2) Take the outline of the main image of the picture as the outline of the header.
3, the composition of the header
(1) synthesis rule
The art of title composition is based on the formal beauty of symmetry, proportion and diversity.
The so-called symmetry refers to the physical balance of a line as the central axis, up and down, left and right. For example, the symmetry of plant veins; Left-right symmetry of external organs of human body; The vertical symmetry of the object's reflection on the water; And the structural symmetry of tools and instruments made by human beings. The symmetrical form of these objects will produce balance and stability in people's habitual consciousness and feeling, and at the same time, people will feel its (his) natural beauty in form. If the layout of the objects in the head picture is unequal from top to bottom, left to right and left to back, it will make people feel that its composition is balanced, which is equilibrium. Of course, by adjusting the fulcrum envisaged between the object and the image to coincide with the central axis envisaged in the picture, we can realize the different sense of weight brought by the shape and color of the object in the title picture, and make the picture form a balanced and stable spatial relationship.
In the picture of the title, whether the proportional relationship between the object image and the composition form is harmonious or not plays an important role in the beauty expressed by artistic modeling. For example, in the description of characters, the positions of body, limbs and facial features must conform to the familiar proportional relationship, otherwise they will lose their similarity and cannot produce aesthetic feeling and realism. The proportion of each part of an object is appropriate and symmetrical. Chinese painting pays great attention to the proportion of all parts of things. The painting figures have the theory of "standing seven, sitting five and squatting three", which is the height proportional relationship of the three basic postures of the human body determined by the employing head as the measurement unit; Painting landscapes is said to be "Zhang Shan, ruler tree, inch horse and divide people". This shows that the proportional relationship between various scenes should be arranged reasonably, so that the scenery in the picture gives people a symmetrical aesthetic feeling.
In order to make the composition ratio of the whole picture of the header conform to the principle of beauty, we can also use the golden section method proposed by the ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras to compose the header, that is, divide the whole into two parts, and the ratio of the larger part to the smaller part is equal to the sum of the larger part and the smaller part and the ratio of the larger part. Expressed by the formula: Let A>b, then a: b = (a+b): a, and the result is 1: 1.6 18 (about 5: 8).
Diversity and unity embodied in the composition of blackboard newspaper headlines are the highest principles of formal beauty. Diversity and unity are generally manifested in two basic forms: contrast and harmony. Contrast refers to the unity of opposites among various qualitative factors. For example, the practical application of contrasting colors such as red and green, Rayna Sue, blue and orange, black and white in painting will also seek unity from comparison. Some painters draw white chickens with white paper. Because of the clever use of black and white contrast, people will have an illusion, as if the color of white chicken is whiter than white paper. In addition, the contrast between dynamic and static, big and small, and so on. When two opposing factors are put together, they will all have complementary effects. As for reconciliation, it refers to the unification of many non-antagonistic factors, which leads to less significant changes. For example, color, from yellow to blue is from yellow to yellow-green, from yellow-green to green, from green to green-blue, and finally from green-blue to blue. All kinds of mixed colors in these transitional States belong to the same color with the same tone, and there is no strong contrast between them, but a gradual harmony. Du Fu, a great poet, wrote a poem, "Peach blossoms bloom without owners, lovely crimson loves pale red", which tells the harmonious beauty of peach blossoms. Therefore, no matter contrast or harmony, there must be changes, and the beauty of diversity and unity can be obtained in the change. In the design of the header, the picture of the header will appear complicated and scattered only if the composition forms of various combination factors are diversified and not unified. Only when it is unified and not diversified, the header picture will appear dull and monotonous. Only when the independent differences show the internal connection in a specific combination relationship and form a unified whole can it give people a sense of beauty and pleasure.
The above-mentioned artistic rules of composition are not immutable, they will be constantly updated and changed with the development and change of things. In this regard, we should also use these laws flexibly in other plastic arts (illustrations, lace, patterns, etc.) of the blackboard newspaper. ) and constantly innovate, so that formal beauty can meet new creative and aesthetic requirements.
(2) Composition form
The composition of the header is an organization chart. It is necessary to arrange the concrete objects or abstract images in the picture to be beautiful, comfortable and beautiful. This method of arranging objects in the picture can be called "layout", and Chinese painting calls this method "composition" or "quotient" composition, which is an artistic means to beautify the modeling process and plays a role in expressing the painting content and theme. It is the skeleton structure of the picture and the key to the success or failure of the work.
Shape, line, light and shade, and color are all elements, among which the layout of shape is the most important. Therefore, the composition of the header can be divided into two steps: the first step is to arrange the position, size ratio and image structure of the object image on the screen to make it look comfortable, appropriate, reasonable and natural. The second step is to deal with the relationship between the primary and secondary, the front and back, and the density of various objects and images on the screen, and set up the combination repeatedly according to the rules of formal beauty such as symmetrical balance, proportional symmetry, and unity of diversity, so as to form a perfect artistic whole, make the reflected theme stand out, and have formal aesthetic feeling and artistic appeal.
The basic forms of header composition are: vertical line composition, horizontal line composition, diagonal line composition, cross line composition, radiation composition, L-shaped composition, regular geometric shape composition and irregular shape composition. In addition to the selective use of these composition forms, the commonly used composition forms of blackboard newspaper headlines are: suitable composition, combined composition, head-up composition and perspective composition.
Suitable for roll composition. Object images are placed in shapes with different contours as decorative frames. It is required that the layout of the picture should be symmetrical, comfortable and flexible, with prominent themes and rich changes, and strive to portray objects and shapes in harmony and beauty. The expression can be in the form of decoration or realism.
Composition. Composition. Around the main images on the screen, we creatively use the means of "overprint" or "montage" to combine the scenery at different times and places to make the picture coherent, comparative, associative and set off. With this composition method, the subject image is suitable for realistic depiction and the background is suitable for decorative treatment, which makes the subject image and the background clearly defined, with good expressive force and rich associations.
Head-up volume composition. The whole picture of the header becomes a plane, without far and near perspective, and all kinds of objects in the picture are regarded as planes, with free composition and rich decoration. The combination of pictures is not limited by time and space. Figurative and abstract images can be arranged on a picture, or placed horizontally, without blocking each other, without emphasizing the front and back space, and the images are simple. However, it is necessary to emphasize the outline and structural characteristics of the object and highlight the decorative effect.
Perspective composition. The basic principle is consistent with the requirements of general painting. In terms of expression and drawing, we can use stylized, organized or decorative expression, or we can use realistic expression to truly depict objects as titles.
4, blackboard newspaper header form.
In the conception, design and creation of the title of the blackboard newspaper, it is the key to understand the expression form of the title screen and how to express the meaning of the title, which is related to whether the title screen has new ideas, ideological connotations and whether it can attract readers.
Headlines convey information through images, give readers familiar and cognizable feelings in habitual thinking, and also generate many associations through images. The designers and producers of the blackboard newspaper also conceive and design the title picture from this angle. Therefore, most of the title pictures express the meaning of the title in a direct, procedural and conceptual form, which is a direct expression of the title, such as the title promoting family planning, and the pictures are composed of fat dolls and women; Headlines promoting safety themes will think of helmets; Propaganda legal education front, the main body of the picture is the image of the police, and so on. This expression is concise and clear, and the theme is prominent, which makes people see at a glance. However, the title is an indirect expression, and the picture structure of the title expresses the meaning of the question in a moral and implicit way, which will give people a feeling of aftertaste, reverie, enlightenment and thought-provoking. Just as Mr. Lao She asked the old man Qi Baishi to draw a picture according to the poem "Frog sounds ten miles out of a mountain spring" in the poem "Walking by a stream under the moon" in the Qing Dynasty, the old man Qi Baishi did not draw a frog "spreading paper ten miles", but drew a stream winding among rocks in the picture, in which tadpoles of different shapes swam away downstream. These unexpected wonderful pictures are fresh, elegant and unique in artistic conception, which makes people think, gives people infinite aftertaste and thinking in art, and makes people feel that after tadpoles grow into frogs, the frog sound is by no means the artistic conception of mountain springs.
It can be seen that the conception, design and expression of the title should also be eclectic, breaking the conservative expression and changing the way of thinking, so as to make the artistic form of the title more novel and unique, and the meaning, philosophy and symbol more refined, profound, generalized and ingenious.
5. Design and creation of header.
The design and creation of blackboard newspaper titles pay attention to refined composition, distinctive theme, vivid image, novel conception, ingenious conception and rich variety. The formed picture should not only conform to the propaganda theme, but also make the beautification form unique and achieve the perfect combination of art and theme. This requires designers to have rich experience and profound artistic accomplishment. Without the accumulation of daily life and art, it will be very difficult to create a header. Therefore, if you want to reach a certain height in art and meet the needs of header design and creation, you must study hard, study hard, study extensively, observe carefully, pay attention everywhere, strengthen exercise, and improve your design and creation ability and painting performance ability.
For the design and creation of headers, we can learn from, refine and quote the formal beauty expressed in daily life and nature, as well as the forms of beauty expressed in movies, televisions, plays, paintings, photos, literary works and folk arts, and also refer to the illustrations, illustrations, patterns and cover pictures in newspapers, magazines, pictorial books and periodicals, as well as copy or copy the works of art, photography and header materials.
In the design and creation of the header, if we determine the propaganda theme of the blackboard newspaper, we will immediately think of what kind of picture, image or form the header uses. This is an imagination and association that people produce after they know things. If we promote fire fighting, we will think that the picture in the header should draw a phone number and the number "1 19" and the image of a firefighter; Advocating water conservation will be linked with faucets and water droplets; When you promote tree planting and greening, you will think of Woods, green leaves and so on. It is precisely because of these associations and imaginations that we will find relevant header information and correct pictures and images for application in header pictures. Therefore, association and imagination are the source of designing and creating titles. Of course, although we can refer to many "header materials" in the process of header design and creation, most of the pictures provided by the materials are basically black and white works, which may be unsatisfactory in color performance, and some pictures do not conform to their own set forms. To this end, we should learn how to choose the material of the picture, how to combine and reprocess the image of the picture, and recreate it on this basis. The artistic combination and re-creation mentioned here refers to the reasonable layout and artistic collocation of various selected images according to the theme and the form of one's own conception, which must be processed and decorated to make it a complete picture. Re-created head map should pay attention to the coordination of composition, color, main map and various parts, and the selected object image should meet the requirements of head map. Irrelevant patterns and images shall not be combined into a title picture, so as not to make the title of the picture unclear.
6. Location and layout relationship of header settings
The position of the header in the blackboard newspaper is related to people's visual habits, which has been expounded in the section of "Vision and Arrangement" in typesetting. Therefore, the position setting of the header is mainly determined by people's visual habits. We divide the blackboard horizontally into five equal parts, then vertically into two parts, and the layout will be divided into ten plates. We arrange the first five digits in order (from left to right) as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and the last five digits in order (from left to right) as 6, 7, 8, 9, 65438. In these ten plates, we can determine the position of the header according to the following viewpoint trends: (1) left (1+6), middle (3+8) and right (5+10); (2) the upper left part (1+2), the upper middle part (3) and the upper right part (4+5); (3) Lower left part (6+7), middle and lower part (8) and lower right part (9+ 10). In addition, according to the layout design, the position of the header can also be set in the left, middle and right center. Of course, the establishment of these positions should be determined by the needs of layout and design, and can not be arbitrarily positioned for the so-called innovation, especially the layout.
If the middle and lower parts and the lower right parts are not set properly, the layout will lose its weight and balance, leading to the failure of the whole layout design.
7. The relationship between the title color and the theme.
The color of blackboard newspaper is most widely used and the most complicated is on the header, so the matching, color setting and application of the header color are the key links for the success, the expected effect, the consistency with the theme and the coordination with the overall layout.
The header is painted on the black base of the blackboard, which is quite different from painting on white paper. When painting on white paper, color as a visual reference can control the black, white and color on the screen, so the drawn image is positive. Drawing on the blackboard is the reverse of painting, that is, from black to color and lightness, there will be some unaccustomed and unfamiliar hands in this painting process. Especially when drawing objects by line drawing, the black parts are sometimes painted into bright colors according to the customary practice, such as eyes, shadows and other parts. If you describe the image of the header in a realistic way, it is not easy to deal with the black part and the dark part. In this regard, we should know something about color, which is very helpful for drawing the header with chalk and the color design of the overall layout.
(1) Basic knowledge of color
★ Achromatic system: also called polar color or achromatic color. It refers to black, gray and white. These achromatic color have only lightness difference, but no chroma difference, and can be coordinated with any color.
★ Color system: refers to red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, purple and other colors except black, white and gray.
★ Primary color: also known as primary color, refers to the basic color that cannot be decomposed; Magenta, lemon yellow and lake blue. Any other color can be mixed with these three primary colors.
In the ordinary colored chalk we use, the corresponding red, yellow and blue colored chalk contains a lot of white gypsum powder or other forms of fillers, and the colors mixed on the blackboard tend to be gray and pink, so we should pay more attention to color mixing and mixing.
★ Intermediate color: also called secondary color. Refers to a color that is a mixture of two primary colors. Such as orange red mixed with yellow; Green is mixed with yellow and blue; Purple is a mixture of red and blue.
★ Multicolor: Also called tricolor. It is a color made up of two intermediate colors or a mixture of primary colors and intermediate colors. These colors tend to be gray tones due to different color distribution ratios.
★ Elements of color: The characteristics and differences of a color are determined by its hue, lightness and chroma.
Hue: refers to the appearance and title of each color. Such as red, grass green and lake blue. Hue is the main basis for distinguishing colors.
Brightness: refers to the brightness, depth and depth of a color. Brightness has two meanings: one is the change of color brightness when different amounts of black or white are added to a color; Second, the colors with different hues have different lightness.
Tone white yellow orange green red orange cyan is red crimson purple black is blue.
Brightness value100 78.9 69.9 30.3 27.7110 4.9 0.40.10.
Chromaticity: Also known as purity, saturation, vividness and gray scale. Refers to the content of a single standard color in this color.
In ordinary colored chalk, the color of some chalk always makes us feel that the color is not bright, which is caused by the low standard color content of ordinary colored chalk. In other words, the change of color brightness often affects the purity. If white is added to a color, the brightness will increase, but the purity will decrease. If black is added, the brightness and purity will decrease accordingly.
★ Color: refers to a feeling and association that color gives people. For example, red reminds people of red flags, flames, red sun, signal lights and so on. And it will give people a feeling of warmth, excitement, warmth and danger.
★ Warm color: a color that gives people a warm feeling. Such as red, orange, yellow and ochre.
★ Cool color: refers to the color that gives people a cold feeling. Such as ultramarine, lake blue and emerald green.
★ Contrast color: Two colors have opposite color attributes (cold and warm). When they are juxtaposed together, they have their own hue characteristics and stand out from each other. These two colors are called contrast colors; Also known as complementary colors. For example, red and green, yellow and purple, blue and orange, black and white.
★ Gradient: refers to the gradual evolution of color from light to thick or from cold to warm between two colors.
★ Color scale: refers to the lightness grade of color from light to dark.
★ Tone: refers to the general tendency of colors of objects or pictures, that is, an overall relationship of all colors. The word "tune" in painting is borrowed from a noun in music. In monochrome black, white and gray sketches, tones can be called light and dark tones, that is, bright tones, gray tones and dark tones. The picture is divided into cool tone, middle tone and warm tone according to color; According to the tone, it can be divided into Huang Tiao, red tone, green tone, purple tone and blue tone.
(2) the symbolic meaning of color
① Red: It symbolizes jubilation, enthusiasm, excitement, beauty and softness, and it also symbolizes danger, blood and terror.
② Orange: It symbolizes brilliance, warmth, luxury, charm and health, as well as sultry, heavy pressure and anxiety.
③ Yellow symbolizes light, hope, honor, wealth and liveliness, and also symbolizes inferiority, decline and betrayal.
④ Green: It symbolizes youth, peace, security, life and freshness, and also symbolizes depression, sadness and desolation.
⑤ cyan: It symbolizes simplicity, remoteness, tranquility, elegance and refreshment, and it also symbolizes coldness, desolation and negativity.
⑥ Blue: It symbolizes honesty, solemnity, spirit, depth and rationality, and also symbolizes sadness, loneliness and indifference.
⑦ Purple symbolizes power, dignity, solemnity, wealth and elegance, and also symbolizes sinister, vulgar and melancholy.
8 White: It symbolizes purity, purity, elegance, nobility and sacredness, and also symbolizes sadness, emptiness and weakness.
Pet-name ruby gray: it symbolizes elegance, commonness, silence, fullness and gentleness, and it also symbolizes monotony, lack and disappointment.
Attending Black: It symbolizes vitality, solidity, mystery, abstinence and modesty, and also symbolizes gloom, death and indifference.
(3) the use of blackboard newspaper color
The methods of color application are: harmony, reset, juxtaposition, contrast and so on.
(1) color mixing: it is a method of mixing two or more colors with each other to obtain another color through color mixing. For example, if you mix blue with yellow, you will get green. If the mixing ratio is different, this color will have a hue tendency. If the proportion of blue is large, green is blue-green, and the proportion of yellow is grass green or yellow-green.
(2) Reset: that is, a method of painting one or more colors on a painted color and obtaining the desired color by overlapping the colors up and down.
③ juxtaposition: a method of juxtaposing colors with different hues, lightness and chroma in the form of points, lines and surfaces in the picture, and reflecting the obtained color effect through the mixture of space and visual physiology. If red dots and yellow dots are closely arranged together, these color dots will be visually mixed into orange when viewed from a certain distance.
(4) Doping: It is an uneven color matching method. This method also belongs to a small range of color juxtaposition and has rich color expression effects.
⑤ Contrast: It is the most ideal method to make the color bright and the picture jump with the color. The relative proportion of contrast colors; Brightness contrast; Chromaticity contrast; Cold and warm contrast; Tone contrast; Contrast between tones; Area comparison; Contrast at the same time.
Through the knowledge and understanding of color, we will color the header picture rationally, not blindly; Will express the theme of blackboard newspaper according to the association and symbol of objects and colors; Different color processing techniques will be used to improve the quality of the title picture. This will make the title colorful and harmonious, the performance effect accurate and prominent, the theme closely linked and deeply rooted in people's hearts.
8. Source of headline information
A trickle can make a river. In daily life and work, all kinds of materials are everywhere. As long as you pay more attention to regular collection and accumulation, the source of headline information will be easier to obtain. Otherwise, there will be a passive situation where time is obviously less and you can't find it in an emergency. Now, all kinds of information media provide us with very convenient conditions to find information, such as internet, newspapers, magazines, pictorial, books, photographs, paintings, handicrafts, folk art and so on. And we can also use our own sketches, sketches and some work scenes, people and landscape photos with our own characteristics as headline materials. At the same time, in the process of collection, we should make full records and file them according to the data screening, so as to facilitate the search and reference when using them. It should be noted here that it is best not to reuse the used materials and pictures, but to constantly update and supplement new materials and materials for next use.
9, header design and production should pay attention to the problem.
(1) To design a header, you must first sketch the header picture on paper according to the theme and your own ideas, especially to re-create the selected picture image, so sketching is very important. This is convenient for repeated modification, scrutiny and improvement of the header picture on the sketch, so that it can be seen at a glance and done at one go, and it avoids blindly printing the header picture and making it dirty and messy while painting.
(2) When designing the header, we should not only conform to the propaganda theme, but also pay attention to the organic connection between its form and decoration method and other parts of the blackboard newspaper, and consider the mutual penetration and integration of the header and other parts to make it a whole. This header form will also be more flexible in the layout.
(3) The design title should be concise, clear and general. Reducing levels and resolutely removing unnecessary complex parts without losing image characteristics not only facilitates the production, but also makes the picture image of the header more concentrated and refined, with outstanding characteristics. We should also adhere to this principle when depicting the images of objects in the picture. We must describe the details carefully and don't generalize. Don't draw eyebrows and hair one by one, which will not only affect the publication time, but also make the picture look dull, clever and lifeless.
(4) The image selection of the title should conform to the publicity theme and industry characteristics as far as possible. You can't engage in pure artistic painting that has nothing to do with the theme just to make up a picture or simply to draw a title. Blindly pursuing expression techniques and artistic effects, and being independent, there will be opening pictures that are inconsistent with the theme and deviate from the main body, which makes people feel puzzled.
(5) The header should be designed and made according to the drawing method that you are best at, and the technique should be based on your own ability or realism; Or decoration; Or line drawing; Or flat coating; Or figuratively; Or abstract. You can't force yourself to engage in unfamiliar expressions. You should use your own advantages and characteristics to design and draw headers to express your painting style.
(6) For the characters in the title, in the process of painting, we should take shaping "beauty" as the main principle, not taking "image" and "unlike" as the criterion, which will bind ourselves and mechanically copy them, so that we can't let go of our hands and feet, and the picture will appear stiff. From the propaganda nature of the blackboard newspaper, some pictures are just for reference, making the pictures we need, rather than cloning the advantages and disadvantages of the original. Therefore, as long as the structure of the painted character is accurate, the proportion is appropriate, the color is healthy, and the relationship between the ministries is coordinated, which makes people feel comfortable and beautiful, don't compare whether he (she) is like the original or a targeted character.
But for people who are familiar with characters in general, the shaping in the head screen requires painting "like", lifelike, with both form and spirit. When designing this kind of header map, we should give full consideration and take it seriously.